1 Timothy 1 — Greek text and reception
Each card preserves the Greek reading and its textual and reception notes. This source provides a Greek study edition; Hebrew counterparts and Hebrew–Greek classifications are not supplied.
Chapter 1
Greeting
Verse 1:1
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus according to the command of God our Savior and Christ Jesus our hope,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The repeated Christ Jesus follows the selected order. God is called our Savior and Christ Jesus our hope; apostolic authority is described as a command. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 1, on 1:1–3 [R01].
Verse 1:2
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
to Timothy, a true child in faith: grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: A true child in faith describes Timothy’s relationship to Paul without adding physical descent. The greeting retains all three gifts: grace, mercy and peace. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 1, on 1:1–3 [R01].
The aim of sound teaching
Verse 1:3
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Just as I exhorted you to remain in Ephesus when I was going to Macedonia, so that you might command certain people not to teach differently,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The opening just as construction remains interrupted; an explicit renewed I exhort you is not supplied. The negative command concerns teaching differently. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 1, on 1:1–3 [R01].
Verse 1:4
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
nor to attend to myths and endless genealogies, which produce speculations rather than God’s stewardship in faith—
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Oikonomia means stewardship or administration here, not edification. The dash preserves the interrupted construction. The endless genealogies are not identified with a particular surviving book. Reception: Irenaeus, Against Heresies I, Preface 1 [R19].
Verse 1:5
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
but the goal of the command is love from a pure heart and a good conscience and unhypocritical faith.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Goal renders telos in the command’s purpose statement. Love proceeds from three coordinated sources: a pure heart, good conscience and unhypocritical faith. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:6
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Some, having missed these things, turned aside to empty talk,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Having missed these things refers back to the preceding ethical aims. The movement into empty talk is a departure, not simply an additional subject of study. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:7
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
wanting to be teachers of law, understanding neither what they say nor the things about which they make confident assertions.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Both negatives remain: they understand neither what they say nor the matters about which they make confident assertions. Desire for teaching status is distinguished from understanding. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:8
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Now we know that the law is good if someone uses it lawfully,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The law is called good; the condition concerns its lawful use. The English preserves the law/lawfully wordplay without turning the verse into a rejection of law. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:9
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
knowing this, that law is not laid down for a righteous person but for the lawless and insubordinate, the ungodly and sinners, the unholy and profane, those who strike fathers and those who strike mothers, murderers,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Patrolōas and mētrolōas concern violence against parents; striking is retained, while killing is a stronger possible sense. Murderers represents the separate androphonoi; the vice pairs remain distinct. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:10
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
sexually immoral people, men who bed males, enslavers, liars, perjurers, and whatever else opposes sound teaching,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Men who bed males retains the male/bedding expression arsenokoitai without a modern identity label; its historical scope remains debated. Enslavers includes kidnapping or trafficking. Sound teaching completes the list’s criterion. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Verse 1:11
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
according to the gospel of the glory of the blessed God, with which I was entrusted.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The gospel is of the glory of the blessed God. I was entrusted preserves the passive commission; the verse continues the criterion for sound teaching. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 2, on 1:5–11 [R02].
Mercy and the entrusted task
Verse 1:12
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
I am thankful to Christ Jesus our Lord, who empowered me, because He considered me faithful, appointing me to service,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Christ Jesus is the one who empowered Paul and counted him faithful. Appointing me to service retains diakonia without specifying a later office title. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 3, on 1:12–14 [R03].
Verse 1:13
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
though formerly I was a blasphemer and persecutor and violent abuser. But I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance in unbelief,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Blasphemer, persecutor and violent abuser are separate descriptions. Mercy is linked to acting in ignorance in unbelief, without turning that explanation into a general acquittal of wrongdoing. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 3, on 1:12–14 [R03].
Verse 1:14
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
and the grace of our Lord overflowed exceedingly, with faith and love in Christ Jesus.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Overflowed exceedingly conveys the intensified verb for grace. Faith and love in Christ Jesus accompany that grace; they are not replacements for the subject grace. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 3, on 1:12–14 [R03].
Verse 1:15
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
The saying is faithful and worthy of full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am foremost.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Foremost retains prōtos and Paul’s present I am. Christ’s coming into the world is explicitly directed toward saving sinners; the saying receives full acceptance. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 4, on 1:15–17 [R04]. Bunyan’s Hopeful reuses this verse in The Pilgrim’s Progress, Part I [R21].
Verse 1:16
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
But for this reason I was shown mercy, so that in me, the foremost, Christ Jesus might display all His patience as a pattern for those who would believe in Him for eternal life.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Paul’s mercy serves as a pattern for later believers. All His patience, the repeated foremost, believing in Him and eternal life all retain their distinct force. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 4, on 1:15–17 [R04].
Verse 1:17
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Now to the King of the ages, incorruptible, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory for the ages of ages. Amen.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The selected text has the only God, without wise. Incorruptible and invisible remain separate attributes; the double ages expression and Amen belong to the source. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 4, on 1:15–17 [R04].
Verse 1:18
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
This command I entrust to you, child Timothy, according to the prophecies that went before concerning you, so that by them you may wage the good campaign,
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Timothy receives an entrusted command in accordance with preceding prophecies. The good campaign is a metaphor for his task; physical warfare is not added. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 5, on 1:18–20 [R05].
Verse 1:19
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
holding faith and a good conscience, which some have thrust aside and suffered shipwreck concerning the faith.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: The feminine which most naturally refers to good conscience. Rejecting it is connected with shipwreck concerning faith; the two metaphors retain deliberate human agency. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 5, on 1:18–20 [R05].
Verse 1:20
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I handed over to Satan so that they might be disciplined not to blaspheme.
Textual & Reception Notes
Text: Hymenaeus and Alexander are named. Handing over to Satan has the stated purpose of discipline against blasphemy; the procedure and their later fate are not reconstructed. Reception: Chrysostom, Homily 5, on 1:18–20 [R05].