2 Samuel 24 — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation — 2 Samuel — Comparison and Reception V2

Disparate in this chapter: MT 24:13

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

2 Samuel 24

The king confesses and appeals to divine mercy

Editorial Christian penitential reading alongside Augustine’s treatment of David’s confession [S2]. The census’s incitement and consequences are translated before application.

24:1–9 | The order, the objection, and the count

24:10–15 | Confession, the three choices, and the plague

The shepherd’s plea and the altar of answered entreaty

Editorial Christian comparison: the Greek explicitly calls David shepherd, while the liturgical Davidic promise points onward to Christ [L2]. No direct prediction of the crucifixion is asserted for the plague.

24:16–17 | The restrained angel and David’s plea

24:18–25 | The purchased threshing floor and the offerings

Sources, Method & Decisions

Version 2 • 11 September 2026. The complete declared Hebrew and Greek running texts, listed written/read and lexical checks, and cited reception passages were reviewed. The two dated USCCB selections were checked on full official pages. Luke 6 was available as a complete indexed official chapter; direct loading failed. NETS could not be reopened. No manuscript images, full critical apparatus, or Göttingen collation were accessed.

The process and its limits

The work proceeded through independent Hebrew and Greek drafts, verse alignment, comparison classification, attributed reception, contextual English review, and whole-book structural checks. Page rendering verifies layout; it does not certify disputed lexical judgments or establish an original text.

English is newly drafted from the declared ancient texts. The earlier Saints Translation volumes and updated reference guide supply editorial conventions. Modern translations displayed beside ancient texts were not copied as the running translation. V1 reported the listed indirect NETS checks; reception sources furnish brief attributed paraphrases.

Source register

[H] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Elliger and Rudolph, fifth corrected edition prepared by Schenker, 1997. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft publisher presentation of 2 Samuel 1–24: the complete pointed running text; selected written/read checks below. Source

[G] Septuaginta, Rahlfs, revised by Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft publisher presentation of 2 Reigns, chapters 1–24, including 5:16a. Complete running text; no full critical apparatus collation. Source

[N] A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 2 Reigns, University of Pennsylvania electronic edition. V1 reported limited indirect English checks at 2:22, 26–31; 3:33–34, 39; 5:24; 6:6; 14:11, and consultation of the introduction on the Greek textual transition. The official PDF could not be reopened for this review. These remain historical reports, not fresh verification, a running English base, or direct apparatus access. Source

[Q1] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 1; selected written/read or spelling checks at 1:8, 16. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[Q5] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 5; selected written/read or spelling checks at 5:2, 8, 24. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[Q8] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 8; selected written/read or spelling checks at 8:3. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[Q11] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 11; selected written/read or spelling checks at 11:1, 24. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[Q12] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 12; selected written/read or spelling checks at 12:9, 22, 24, 31. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[Q15] Mechon Mamre, pointed Hebrew of 2 Samuel 15; selected written/read or spelling checks at 15:8, 20–21, 28. The parallel English was not the translation base. Source

[R7] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 7, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 7:11, 19, 23; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R11] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 11, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 11:1, 4, 15; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R12] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 12, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 12:4, 6, 14, 30–31; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R13] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 13, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 13:3, 16, 32–33, 37, 39; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R14] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 14, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 14:9, 14, 19, 22; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R16] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 16, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 16:2, 10, 12, 18, 21, 23; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R17] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 17, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 17:3, 20, 29; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R18] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 18, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 18:3, 8, 12–13, 18, 20, 22; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R19] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 19, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 19:1, 12, 19, 32–33, 38; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R20] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 20, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 20:6, 14, 18, 22–26; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R21] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 21, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 21:4, 8–10, 16, 19–21; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R22] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 22, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 22:25–27, 33–36, 46, 51; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R23] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 23, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 23:1–5, 8–9, 13, 15–16, 18, 20–21, 35, 37; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[R24] Rashi, Commentary on 2 Samuel 24, Chabad / Judaica Press bilingual presentation. Selected commentary or written/read checks at 24:1; brief attributed paraphrases only. Citations to earlier rabbinic works are reported through Rashi unless separately stated. Source

[D1] Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon, entry nikos (3534), Bible Hub transcription. Victory and the forever idiom, checked for 2:26. Source

[D2] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry pelekh (6418), Bible Hub transcription: spindle, qualified as probable at 3:29. Source

[D3] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry tsinnor (6794), Bible Hub transcription: disputed water-channel expression at 5:8. Source

[D4] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry eshpar (829), Bible Hub transcription: uncertain food term at 6:19. Source

[D6] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry malben (4404), Bible Hub transcription: brickmold and disputed brickworks context at 12:31. Source

[D7] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry kalah (3615), Bible Hub transcription: 13:39 discussed with textual adjustment and an implied spirit. The host’s verse link is inaccurate; the biblical location is 13:39. Source

[D8] Liddell–Scott–Jones, Greek-English Lexicon, ninth edition, 1940, entry karpōtos; CLD / BBAW presentation. Sleeves reaching the wrists at 13:18. Source

[D9] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry shephoth (8194), Bible Hub transcription: uncertain dairy term at 17:29, perhaps cream; cheese is traditional. Source

[D10] Brown–Driver–Briggs, entry abarah (5679), Bible Hub transcription: ford; compared with the ferry interpretation at 19:19. Only the dictionary entry, not the host’s unrelated summary, is used. Source

[D11] Liddell–Scott–Jones, Greek-English Lexicon, entry traumatias, senses I–II; Perseus Scaife presentation. The slain sense in the death lament and battle casualty counts. Source

[D12] Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon, entry hileōs (2436), Bible Hub transcription. Propitiatory form used as an aversion formula at 20:20 and 23:17. Source

[D13] Liddell–Scott–Jones, Greek-English Lexicon, entry katesthiō; CLD / BBAW presentation. Future katedomai, supporting will devour at 22:9. Source

[D14] Greekdoc supplementary online lexicon, kinyra; Suda On Line, Adler nu 4, editorial note citing West, Ancient Greek Music, p. 77, and quoting LSJ. Broad lyre/harp identifications at 6:5; West and the LSJ instrument entry were accessed only through this Suda presentation. Greekdoc; Suda

[D15] Greekdoc supplementary online lexicon, nebel. Wine container at 16:1; vessel does not specify material or capacity. Source

[D16] Greekdoc supplementary online lexicon, araphoth. Grain at 17:19; its preparation remains unspecified. Source

[D17] Greekdoc supplementary online lexicon, sapphoth. Cheese/curds identification used provisionally in the food context of 17:29; compare the Hebrew uncertainty at D9. Source

[S1] Augustine, City of God XVII.8, New Advent transcription. The promise to David, Solomon as figure, and fulfillment in Christ. Source

[S2] Augustine, Exposition on Psalm 51 (Hebrew numbering; Psalm 50 in his sequence), §§2–5, 8; New Advent transcription. David’s sin, Nathan’s parable, confession, and mercy. Source

[S3] Augustine, Exposition on Psalm 3, §§1, 6; New Advent transcription. David and Absalom in Christ-centered typology; prophetic speech. Source

[NT1] Acts 13:20–23, Greek NA28 publisher presentation. The sequence Saul–David–Jesus, freshly checked here and used as the canonical frame. Source

[NT2] Luke 6:27–38, USCCB biblical presentation, freshly checked in the complete indexed chapter; direct page loading was unavailable. Christ’s teaching on mercy supplies expressly editorial thematic comparisons. Source

[NT3] Romans 15:8–12, Greek NA28 (2012) publisher presentation, checked for Christ, the ancestral promises, and the quotation shared with 2 Samuel 22:50 / Psalm 18:49. Source

[L1] USCCB, Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe, 24 November 2019, Lectionary 162, Year C: 2 Samuel 5:1–3; Luke 23:35–43. Exact selection and Gospel verified from the full official dated page in this review. Source

[L2] USCCB, Fourth Sunday of Advent, 20 December 2020, Lectionary 11, Year B: 2 Samuel 7:1–5, 8b–12, 14a, 16; Luke 1:26–38. Exact selection and Gospel verified from the full official dated page in this review. Source

Direct chapter access

Hebrew publisher presentation [H]: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24

Greek publisher presentation [G]: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24

Some exact source links open a publisher page containing more than one edition. Only the declared Hebrew or Greek text furnished the corresponding running column. The extra modern versions on such pages were not the translation base.

Numbering and source alignment

The Hebrew publisher sequence contains 695 numbered verses. The Greek publisher sequence contains 696 numbered units, including 5:16a. Each source unit appears once in 696 comparison rows. These counts describe the selected editions, not all manuscript witnesses.

Reading across verse boundaries

Continuous speeches and poetry may cross a row or chapter boundary. Read 7:25–26, 18:14–15, the lament at 19:1, and the songs in chapters 22–23 continuously within each column. Both texts retain their own sequence and grammatical connections.

Written and read forms

Q-codes and R-codes identify targeted checks where the displayed Hebrew distinguishes written consonants from the traditional read form. Material choices are explained locally and summarized among the decisions. The source declaration does not claim a complete Masoretic apparatus collation.

Contextual term record

These are contextual decisions for 2 Samuel, not universal Hebrew–Greek equations. Transliteration is a reading aid. The ancient running texts at the named passages are the primary evidence; limited external checks are explicitly identified.

Material decisions and remaining questions

Complete selected texts. All 695 Hebrew verses and 696 Greek units are represented once. Greek 5:16a remains a separate row. No substitute chapter remains in the final running translation.

Names and ancestry. Common secure correspondences use familiar forms. Saul’s son is Ish-bosheth in Hebrew and Mephibosheth in Greek in chapters 3–4; this is distinguished from Jonathan’s son. Substantive and uncertain names, especially lists in chapters 5 and 23, remain source-specific.

The ark’s procession. The crowds, instruments, Uzzah’s death, and sacrifices differ. In 6:13 the Greek’s seven companies carrying the ark remain distinct from the Hebrew’s six steps. Neither source repairs the other.

The promise to David. At 7:11 the house-building agency differs; at 7:16 persons and pronouns differ. Rashi, Augustine, and the Advent reading are attributed reception, not grounds for silently harmonizing these clauses.

Royal wrongdoing. The Bathsheba and Uriah account, Tamar’s rape, the concubines’ treatment, executions, and warfare retain their stated actions. Narrative silence is not filled with invented consent, motives, diagnoses, or exoneration.

Greek expansions. Expanded reports at 11:22, 13:34, 14:30, and 15:18 remain at their source locations, as do notices of later reigns in 8:7–8 and 24:25. Repeated troop counts are not added into an invented total.

Written and read Hebrew. Material qere choices are stated in local notes, including 12:24 she called; 16:12 my eye; 18:13 my life; 22:33–34 my way and my feet; 22:51 tower; 23:13 three; 23:35 Hezrai; 23:37 singular bearer. Ordinary contextual supplementation is not labeled qere.

Poetry and verbal force. The laments and royal songs receive poetic lineation. Greek futures and Hebrew aspect are handled in context, without declaring every grammatical difference a different event. Chapter 22 is translated independently of Psalm 18.

Contrasting narratives retained. Both selected 21:8 texts name Michal, and both 21:19 texts say Elhanan killed Goliath. Harmonizing explanations are distinguished from source wording. The census retains its own incitement, totals, punishments, and purchase price.

Classification review. The five labels follow the updated guide. Purely lexical or syntactical differences are not labeled Divergent merely because they seem striking; additions and omissions govern that category. Disparate requires a stated substantial consequence.

Selective reception. Rabbinic notes chiefly cite Rashi and identify earlier traditions through him. Christian notes cite Augustine, apostolic reuse, and two verified Roman selections. No consensus of Judaism or Christianity and no exhaustive lectionary coverage is claimed.

Remaining review questions

1. Reassess the difficult sayings and names at 1:19; 2:22, 26–31; 3:29, 33–34, 39; 5:8, 24; 6:5, 7, 19 against a full lexical and textual apparatus. The declared running readings remain visible meanwhile.

2. The compressed Hebrew and Greek at 7:19, 23 require further syntactical review, especially agency, plurality, and the Greek dwellings expression. Do not use later covenant theology to decide their wording.

3. The punitive or labor setting of 12:31, the Hebrew longing construction at 13:39, and the woman’s arguments at 14:11, 14, 17 remain consequential interpretive questions. No certainty is implied by the provisional English.

4. Review the Greek expanded itinerary and speeches at 15:18, 20, 34; the difficult transitive lodging clause at 17:8; the pillar clauses at 18:18; and the hated-their-hand expression at 18:28.

5. At 19:23 the Greek negative and whether clause are provisionally read as uncertainty about reigning; alternative interrogative punctuation deserves examination. At 19:19 the ferry / ford choice remains open.

6. The woman’s Greek saying and self-description at 20:18–19, the subject of the beheading at 20:22, and the inserted giant-warrior notice at 21:11 require further contextual and apparatus study.

7. Revisit the song’s difficult images at 22:12, 30, 33, 35–36, 46, 51. The indeclinable Greek Cheroubin at 22:11 does not by itself establish a different number of creatures.

8. The Greek oracle at 23:3–7 and both heroic lists at 23:8–39 contain unresolved syntax, names, and group membership. The transmitted total thirty-seven is not an editorial reconstruction.

9. The census route at 24:5–7, the appointed time / mealtime at 24:15, and Araunah’s possible royal title at 24:23 remain uncertain. Comparison with Chronicles should be explicit and should not overwrite either Samuel source.

10. Before publication, obtain independent Hebrew, Greek, and reception review and consult the appropriate critical apparatus directly. This volume establishes complete selected-text coverage and a documented working translation, not an original-text reconstruction.

Classification totals and Disparate index

Totals count comparison rows, not unique textual variants or degrees of theological disagreement. A sustained difference may govern more than one verse.

Rows classified Disparate

The governing reasons below link to the full comparisons. Qualifications remain in the notes; a provisional lexical judgment is not promoted to certainty by its category.

Version record

V2 • 11 September 2026. Complete Hebrew and Greek main-text review and citation audit under the final reference guide. Corrections include contextual slain readings, the forever and aversion idioms, an explicit Greek subject, a repeated proper name, the future at 22:9, consistent secure names, relative-pronoun capitalization, and matching notes and category totals, and contextual translations of identified borrowed common nouns. Source-specific additions, numbers, agency, poetry, and unresolved readings remain visible. No independent specialist approval or full critical-apparatus review is claimed.