Genesis 36 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 18 Similar 2 Different 16 Divergent 5 Disparate 2
Disparate in this chapter: 36:2, 36:14
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Esau’s Descendants
36:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:1 Now these are the generations of Esau (that is, Edom).
Greek · Saints priority
36:1 Now these are the generations of Esau (that is, Edom).
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:2 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:2 Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah, daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah, daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon the Hivite,
Greek · Saints priority
36:2 Esau took his wives from the daughters of the Canaanites: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the son of Zibeon the Hivite,
Hebrew repeats daughter; Greek explicitly makes Anah a son of Zibeon. The attachment and generational scope of daughter require review before asserting a contradiction about gender [H36; G36]. The stated genealogical relationship changes, although the Hebrew construction remains qualified.
36:3 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:3 and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, the sister of Nebaioth.
Greek · Saints priority
36:3 and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, the sister of Nebaioth.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:4 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:4 And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
Greek · Saints priority
36:4 And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:5 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:5 And Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
Greek · Saints priority
36:5 And Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:6 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:6 Esau took his wives, sons, daughters, everyone in his household, his livestock, all his animals, and all the belongings he had acquired in Canaan, and went to another land away from Jacob his brother.
Greek · Saints priority
36:6 Then Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, all the persons of his household, all of his possessions, all of his livestock, and everything he had acquired and accumulated in the land of Canaan, and Esau went out of the land of Canaan away from the face of his brother Jacob.
Greek explicitly says out of Canaan and uses a fuller inventory expression. Bodies in Greek is rendered people, without a separate claim about their status [G36].
36:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:7 For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together, and the land of their sojourning could not support them because of the multitude of their livestock.
Greek · Saints priority
36:7 For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together, and the land of their sojourning could not support them because of the multitude of their belongings.
The consulted Greek repeats belongings in the final clause; Hebrew specifically names livestock [G36].
36:8 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:8 So Esau dwelt in the hill country of Seir; Esau is Edom.
Greek · Saints priority
36:8 So Esau dwelt in the hill country of Seir; Esau is Edom.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:9 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:9 And these are the generations of Esau, the father of Edom in the hill country of Seir.
Greek · Saints priority
36:9 And these are the generations of Esau, the father of Edom in the hill country of Seir.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:10 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:10 These are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz, the son of Esau’s wife Adah, and Reuel, the son of Esau’s wife Basemath.
Greek · Saints priority
36:10 These are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz, the son of Esau’s wife Adah, and Reuel, the son of Esau’s wife Basemath.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:11 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
Greek · Saints priority
36:11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Sophar, Gatam, and Kenaz.
Zepho/Sophar is a preserved name-form difference [G36].
36:12 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:12 Now Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah.
Greek · Saints priority
36:12 Now Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:13 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:13 And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Esau’s wife Basemath.
Greek · Saints priority
36:13 And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Esau’s wife Basemath.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:14 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:14 And these were the sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon: she bore to Esau Jeush, Jalam, and Korah.
Greek · Saints priority
36:14 And these were the sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, the son of Zibeon: she bore to Esau Jeush, Jalam, and Korah.
The daughter/son wording repeats verse 2; see its note [H36; G36]. The consequential genealogical distinction recurs.
36:15 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:15 These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
Greek · Saints priority
36:15 These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Sophar, chief Kenaz,
Zepho/Sophar is a preserved name-form difference [G36].
36:16 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:16 chief Korah, chief Gatam, and chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the descendants of Adah.
Greek · Saints priority
36:16 chief Korah, chief Gatam, and chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the descendants of Adah.
Both retain Korah in this list. V1’s added Esau’s wife at the end is removed from both columns [H36; G36].
36:17 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:17 And these are the sons of Reuel, Esau’s son: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, and chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the descendants of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
Greek · Saints priority
36:17 And these are the sons of Reuel, Esau’s son: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, and chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the descendants of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
Rahlfs–Hanhart lists Shammah before Mizzah, agreeing with the Hebrew order. The earlier reversed order is corrected. [G36]
36:18 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:18 And these are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, and chief Korah. These are the chiefs born of Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.
Greek · Saints priority
36:18 These are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, and chief Korah. These are the chiefs of Oholibamah.
The consulted Greek has a shorter final identification, without daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife [G36].
36:19 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:19 These are Esau’s sons, and these are their chiefs. He is Edom.
Greek · Saints priority
36:19 These are Esau’s sons, and these are their chiefs. These are the sons of Edom.
Hebrew ends He is Edom; Greek ends These are the sons of Edom. Rahlfs–Hanhart does not repeat the chiefs clause, so the draft’s repetition is removed. [G36]
The Horite Inhabitants
36:20 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:20 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah,
Greek · Saints priority
36:20 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah,
Inhabitants is plural in Hebrew; Greek grammatically attaches the singular description to Seir [G36].
36:21 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:21 Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan; these are the chiefs of the Horites, the sons of Seir in the land of Edom.
Greek · Saints priority
36:21 Dishon, Asar, and Rison. These are the chiefs of the Horite, the son of Seir, in the land of Edom.
Rahlfs–Hanhart has Asar and Rison, corresponding to Hebrew Ezer and Dishan; its closing son is singular. Asar replaces the draft’s Saar throughout the chapter. [G36]
36:22 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:22 And the sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan’s sister was Timna.
Greek · Saints priority
36:22 Lotan’s sons were Hori and Aiman, and Lotan’s sister was Timna.
The consulted Greek’s second name is Aiman; the Hebrew form is Hemam [G36].
36:23 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:23 These are the sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.
Greek · Saints priority
36:23 These are Shobal’s sons: Golon, Manahath, Gaibel, Soph, and Oman.
Distinctive Greek forms are retained from the consulted list; these name forms do not establish different people by themselves [G36].
36:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:24 Zibeon’s sons were Aiah and Anah. This is the Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness while tending his father Zibeon’s donkeys.
Greek · Saints priority
36:24 Zibeon’s sons were Aiah and Onan. This is the Onas who found Iamin in the wilderness while tending his father Zibeon’s beasts of burden.
Hebrew yemim is uncertain, provisionally hot springs; Greek transliterates Iamin. Rahlfs–Hanhart has Onan and Onas within the verse, and that variation is retained. The uncertain Hebrew noun is not replaced with the Greek transliteration. [H36; G36]
36:25 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:25 These are the children of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.
Greek · Saints priority
36:25 These are the children of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:26 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:26 And these are the sons of Dishan: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
Greek · Saints priority
36:26 These are Dishon’s sons: Amada, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
Hebrew Hemdan and Greek Amada differ in form; recognizable corresponding names elsewhere are normalized. Amada follows the Rahlfs–Hanhart spelling. The Hebrew spells the father’s name Dishan here as at 36:28; most English Bibles read Dishon at this verse, following the Samaritan and Greek witnesses against the Masoretic spelling. [H36; G36]
36:27 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:27 These are Ezer’s sons: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.
Greek · Saints priority
36:27 These are Asar’s sons: Balaan, Zoukam, Ioukam, and Oukan.
Greek names four sons where Hebrew names three, with differing forms. The father’s name is Asar in Rahlfs–Hanhart, corresponding to Hebrew Ezer. The list is preserved without inventing an additional generation. [H36; G36]
36:28 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:28 These are the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
Greek · Saints priority
36:28 These are Rison’s sons: Uz and Aram.
The Greek father-name is Rison, and the second son is Aram; Hebrew has Dishan and Aran [G36].
36:29 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:29 These are the chiefs of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah,
Greek · Saints priority
36:29 These are the chiefs of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah,
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:30 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:30 chief Dishon, chief Ezer, and chief Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, according to their principalities in the land of Seir.
Greek · Saints priority
36:30 chief Dishon, chief Asar, and chief Rison. These are the Horite chiefs by their chiefdoms in the land of Edom.
Greek ends with Edom where Hebrew has Seir. Asar and Rison continue the Greek name forms from 36:21. [G36]
Kings and Chiefs
36:31 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:31 These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the Israelites.
Greek · Saints priority
36:31 These are the kings who reigned in Edom before a king reigned in Israel.
Hebrew says over the Israelites; Rahlfs–Hanhart says in Israel. The draft’s Jerusalem is unsupported by this main text and is corrected. The chronological statement does not by itself settle compositional history. [G36]
36:32 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:32 And Bela, son of Beor, reigned in Edom, and the name of his city was Dinhabah.
Greek · Saints priority
36:32 Balak, son of Beor, reigned in Edom; his city was named Dennaba.
Bela/Balak and Dinhabah/Dennaba differ in form. The name Balak does not identify him with the later king in Numbers [G36].
36:33 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:33 And Bela died, and Jobab, the son of Zerah of Bozrah, reigned in his place.
Greek · Saints priority
36:33 Balak died, and Jobab, son of Zerah from Bozrah, reigned in his place.
Balak continues the name corresponding to Hebrew Bela. Rahlfs–Hanhart has Jobab here and in 36:34; the draft’s Jobad and its claimed internal variation are corrected. [G36]
36:34 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:34 And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
Greek · Saints priority
36:34 And Jobab died, and Asom of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
Husham/Asom is a Greek name-form difference [G36].
36:35 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:35 And Husham died, and Hadad, son of Bedad, who defeated Midian in the plain of Moab, reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Avith.
Greek · Saints priority
36:35 Asom died, and Hadad, son of Barad, who struck down Midian in the plain of Moab, reigned in his place. His city was named Geththaim.
Father-name Bedad/Barad and city Avith/Geththaim differ, together with Husham/Asom [G36].
36:36 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
Greek · Saints priority
36:36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:37 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:37 And Samlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the River reigned in his place.
Greek · Saints priority
36:37 And Samlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the River reigned in his place.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:38 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:38 And Shaul died, and Baal-Hanan, the son of Achbor, reigned in his place.
Greek · Saints priority
36:38 And Shaul died, and Baal-Hanan, the son of Achbor, reigned in his place.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:39 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:39 Baal-hanan, son of Achbor, died, and Hadar reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, daughter of Me-zahab.
Greek · Saints priority
36:39 Baal-hanan, son of Achbor, died, and Arad, son of Barad, reigned in his place. His city was named Phogor, and his wife was Mehetabel, daughter of Matred, son of Me-zahab.
Greek adds the king’s patronymic and differs in the king’s name, city, and final daughter/son relation. Rahlfs–Hanhart prints Arad son of Barad, correcting Arath son of Barath. The Hebrew daughter-chain’s attachment remains a grammatical question. [H36; G36]
36:40 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:40 And these are the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
Greek · Saints priority
36:40 These are the names of Esau’s chiefs by their tribes, places, regions, and nations: chief Timna, chief Gola, chief Jether,
Greek has a fuller regional introduction and distinctive name forms. Rahlfs–Hanhart prints Jether, correcting the draft’s Jeber. [G36]
36:41 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:41 chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon,
Greek · Saints priority
36:41 chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon,
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:42 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:42 chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar,
Greek · Saints priority
36:42 chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar,
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
36:43 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
36:43 chief Magdiel, chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their dwelling places in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of Edom.
Greek · Saints priority
36:43 chief Megediel and chief Zaphoim. These are Edom’s chiefs by their settlements in the land they possessed. This is Esau, the father of Edom.
Rahlfs–Hanhart has Megediel and Zaphoim, corresponding to Hebrew Magdiel and Iram. The earlier Metodiel and Zaphoei are corrected. Name-form differences alone do not establish different people. [G36]
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.