Genesis 46 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 11 Similar 5 Different 12 Divergent 2 Disparate 4
Disparate in this chapter: 46:20, 46:21, 46:22, 46:27
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Israel’s Reassurance
46:1 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:1 Israel set out with all that he had and came to Beersheba, where he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac.
Greek · Saints priority
46:1 Israel set out with all that he had and came to the Well of the Oath, where he offered a sacrifice to the God of his father Isaac.
Beersheba is translated Well of the Oath in Greek; the sacrifice expression differs in number [G46].
46:2 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:2 God spoke to Israel in visions of the night, saying, “Jacob, Jacob!” He said, “Here I am.”
Greek · Saints priority
46:2 And God spoke to Israel in a vision of the night, and said, “Jacob, Jacob!” And he replied, “What is it?”
Visions/vision and Here I am/What is it differ [G46].
46:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:3 He said, “I am God, the God of your father. Do not fear to go down to Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there.”
Greek · Saints priority
46:3 And He said, “I am the God of your fathers; do not fear to go down into Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there.”
Greek has the God of your fathers and lacks the separate I am God expression [G46].
46:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:4 “I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will surely bring you up again. Joseph will place his hand upon your eyes.”
Greek · Saints priority
46:4 “I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will bring you up at last. Joseph will place his hands upon your eyes.”
Greek eis telos can express completion; at last is provisional. Closing the eyes evokes Joseph’s presence at Jacob’s death [G46].
46:5 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:5 Jacob arose from Beersheba. The sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, their little ones, and their wives in the wagons Pharaoh had sent to carry him.
Greek · Saints priority
46:5 Jacob arose from the Well of the Oath. The sons of Israel carried their father, their households, and their wives in the wagons Joseph had sent to carry him.
The named sender is Pharaoh/Joseph; 45:21 associates both with the wagons. Greek aposkeuē includes the household and belongings; see 43:8 [H46; G46].
46:6 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:6 They took their livestock and the goods they had acquired in Canaan and came to Egypt, Jacob and all his seed with him.
Greek · Saints priority
46:6 They took their possessions and all they had acquired in Canaan, and Jacob entered Egypt with all his seed.
The possessions and entry clauses differ in expression [G46].
46:7 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:7 He brought his sons and his sons’ sons, his daughters and his sons’ daughters, all his seed, with him into Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
46:7 He brought his sons and his sons’ sons, his daughters and his sons’ daughters, all his seed, with him into Egypt.
The consulted Greek has sons’ daughters, correcting V1’s daughters’ daughters [H46; G46].
The House of Israel
46:8 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:8 These are the names of the sons of Israel who entered Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Jacob’s firstborn was Reuben.
Greek · Saints priority
46:8 These are the names of the sons of Israel who entered Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Jacob’s firstborn was Reuben.
V1’s additional together with their father Jacob is absent from the consulted Greek and is removed [G46].
Leah and Zilpah
46:9 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:9 Reuben’s sons were Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
Greek · Saints priority
46:9 Reuben’s sons were Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
Familiar corresponding names are normalized: Greek Enoch and Phallous represent Hanoch and Pallu here. Routine transliteration differences alone do not change the genealogy. [G46]
46:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:10 And the sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman.
Greek · Saints priority
46:10 Simeon’s sons were Jemuel, Jamin, Aod, Jachin, Saar, and Shaul, son of the Canaanite woman.
Rahlfs–Hanhart has Jachin and Shaul, correcting Jachem and Samuel in the earlier draft. Aod and Saar preserve distinctive Greek forms. [G46]
46:11 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:11 And the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
Greek · Saints priority
46:11 And the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
46:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:12 Judah’s sons were Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah. Er and Onan died in Canaan. Perez’s sons were Hezron and Hamul.
Greek · Saints priority
46:12 Judah’s sons were Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah. Er and Onan died in Canaan. Perez’s sons were Hezron and Jemuel.
Shelah consistently represents the son named in chapter 38 (Greek Selom); this familiar form does not establish a different person. Jemuel differs from Hebrew Hamul. The corresponding Hezron is normalized consistently. [G46]
46:13 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:13 Issachar’s sons were Tola, Puvah, Iob, and Shimron.
Greek · Saints priority
46:13 Issachar’s sons were Tola, Phua, Jasoub, and Zambram.
Rahlfs–Hanhart reads Jasoub, correcting Jasoph; distinctive Greek forms are retained without identifying additional persons. [G46]
46:14 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:14 Zebulun’s sons were Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.
Greek · Saints priority
46:14 Zebulun’s sons were Sered, Allon, and Aloel.
Rahlfs–Hanhart reads Allon and Aloel, correcting Hasron and Haloel in the earlier draft. [G46]
46:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-aram, along with his daughter Dinah; all the souls, both sons and daughters, were thirty-three.
Greek · Saints priority
46:15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Mesopotamia of Syria, along with his daughter Dinah; all the souls, both sons and daughters, were thirty-three.
The regional names correspond. The reported subtotal is retained, without silently recalculating its membership [H46; G46].
46:16 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:16 Gad’s sons were Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.
Greek · Saints priority
46:16 Gad’s sons were Saphon, Haggis, Saunis, Thasoban, Aedis, Aroedis, and Aroeleis.
The distinctive Greek name forms are preserved from the consulted list [G46].
46:17 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:17 Asher’s sons were Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, and Beriah, with Serah their sister. Beriah’s sons were Heber and Malchiel.
Greek · Saints priority
46:17 Asher’s sons were Jemna, Jesoua, Jeul, and Baria, with Sara their sister. Baria’s sons were Chobor and Melchiel.
Rahlfs–Hanhart reads Jesoua and Sara, correcting Jessai and Saar; the names are kept distinct from the list in verse 10. [G46]
46:18 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Leah; she bore these to Jacob: sixteen souls in all.
Greek · Saints priority
46:18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Leah; she bore these to Jacob: sixteen souls in all.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Rachel and Bilhah
46:19 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:19 The sons of Jacob’s wife Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.
Greek · Saints priority
46:19 The sons of Jacob’s wife Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
46:20 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:20 Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in Egypt. Asenath, daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore them to him.
Greek · Saints priority
46:20 Sons were born to Joseph in Egypt: Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, daughter of Potiphera, priest of Heliopolis, bore to him. A son was born to Manasseh by his Syrian concubine: Machir. Machir begat Gilead. The sons of Ephraim, Manasseh’s brother, were Soutalaam and Taam. Soutalaam’s son was Edem.
Greek adds five later descendants in Joseph’s line. Its names Soutalaam, Taam, and Edem are preserved rather than replaced with harmonized Hebrew names [H46; G46].
46:21 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:21 Benjamin’s sons were Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard.
Greek · Saints priority
46:21 Benjamin’s sons were Bala, Chobor, and Ashbel. Bala’s sons were Gera, Noeman, Ancheis, Ros, Mamphin, and Hophimin. Gera begat Arad.
Greek distributes the names over three generations, whereas Hebrew lists them together as Benjamin’s sons. Sons may have broader genealogical scope; the structures are preserved [H46; G46].
46:22 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:22 These were Rachel’s sons born to Jacob, fourteen souls in all.
Greek · Saints priority
46:22 These were Rachel’s sons whom she bore to Jacob, eighteen souls in all.
The reported Rachel-line totals are fourteen/eighteen, alongside the expanded Greek genealogy. The figures are not recalculated to force agreement [H46; G46].
46:23 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:23 Dan’s son was Hushim.
Greek · Saints priority
46:23 Dan’s son was Hushim.
The familiar name Hushim represents the corresponding Greek Asom. The plural list heading is rendered naturally with the single named descendant. [G46]
46:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:24 Naphtali’s sons were Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.
Greek · Saints priority
46:24 Naphtali’s sons were Hasiel, Gouni, Issaar, and Syllem.
The consulted Greek has Issaar and the other displayed name forms [G46].
46:25 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Rachel; she bore these to Jacob: seven souls in all.
Greek · Saints priority
46:25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Rachel; she bore these to Jacob: seven souls in all.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Israel’s Peace
46:26 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:26 All the souls who entered Egypt with Jacob, who came out of his loins—not including the wives of Jacob’s sons—all the souls were sixty-six.
Greek · Saints priority
46:26 All the souls who entered Egypt with Jacob, who came out of his loins—not including the wives of Jacob’s sons—all the souls were sixty-six.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
46:27 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:27 Joseph’s sons born to him in Egypt were two souls. All the souls of Jacob’s house who came to Egypt were seventy.
Greek · Saints priority
46:27 Joseph’s sons born to him in Egypt were nine souls. All the souls of Jacob’s house who came to Egypt were seventy-five.
The reported totals are two/nine and seventy/seventy-five. The cumulative difference changes the family’s reported size. Greek includes an expanded genealogy, but its subtotals still require study; the numbers are not treated as a simple transcription error or silently harmonized [H46; G46]. Saints reception: Acts 7:14 also gives seventy-five for the family Joseph summoned. This numerical parallel does not by itself settle every detail of the expanded genealogy [S46].
46:28 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:28 He sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to show the way before him to Goshen, and they came to the land of Goshen.
Greek · Saints priority
46:28 He sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to meet him near Heroopolis, in the land of Rameses.
Restored: this whole verse is absent from V1. The purpose and location expressions differ; the precise Hebrew syntax remains an edition-review point [H46; G46].
46:29 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:29 Joseph prepared his chariot and went up to meet Israel his father in Goshen. He appeared before him, fell upon his neck, and wept upon his neck for a long time.
Greek · Saints priority
46:29 Joseph harnessed his chariots and went up to meet Israel his father near Heroopolis. He appeared before him, fell upon his neck, and wept abundantly.
Restored: this whole verse is absent from V1. Chariot/chariots, Goshen/Heroopolis, and the description of weeping differ [H46; G46].
46:30 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:30 And Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die, since I have seen your face, because you are still alive.”
Greek · Saints priority
46:30 And Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die, since I have seen your face, because you are still alive.”
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
46:31 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:31 Then Joseph said to his brothers and to his father’s household, “I will go up and report to Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘My brothers and my father’s household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me.’”
Greek · Saints priority
46:31 Joseph said to his brothers, “I will go up and tell Pharaoh, ‘My brothers and my father’s household, who were in Canaan, have come to me.’”
The consulted Greek addresses the brothers without separately naming the father’s household as listeners [G46].
46:32 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:32 “‘The men are shepherds and have been keepers of livestock. They have brought their flocks, their herds, and everything they have.’”
Greek · Saints priority
46:32 “‘The men are shepherds and have been keepers of livestock. They have brought their livestock, their oxen, and everything they have.’”
The animal terms differ in specificity [G46].
46:33 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:33 “And it shall be, if Pharaoh calls you and says to you, ‘What is your work?’”
Greek · Saints priority
46:33 “And it shall be, if Pharaoh calls you and says to you, ‘What is your work?’”
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
46:34 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
46:34 “You shall answer, ‘Your servants have been herdsmen from our youth until now, both we and our fathers,’ so that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd of sheep is an abomination to the Egyptians.”
Greek · Saints priority
46:34 “You shall answer, ‘Your servants have been herdsmen from our youth until now, both we and our fathers,’ so that you may dwell in the land of Gesem of Arabia; for every shepherd of sheep is an abomination to the Egyptians.”
Greek adds Arabia to the corresponding Goshen/Gesem name [G46].
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.