Leviticus 19 — Hebrew and Greek compared
← Leviticus 18 compared · Reading text of Leviticus 19 · Leviticus: all chapters · Leviticus 20 compared →
Same 5 Similar 9 Different 12 Divergent 7 Disparate 4
Disparate in this chapter: 19:16, 19:19, 19:23, 19:26
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Worship, harvest, and provision · 19:1–10
19:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
19:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
19:2 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:2 Speak to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel and say to them: You shall be holy, for I, YHWH your God, am holy.
Greek · Saints priority
19:2 Speak to the congregation of the sons of Israel and say to them: You shall be holy, for I am holy, the Lord your God.
Greek lacks whole in the address; the holiness rationale agrees.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi explains this holiness through separation from sexual immorality and sin. His interpretation links the command to its surrounding legal context. Rashi, Leviticus 19:2
19:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:3 Each of you shall revere his mother and his father, and you shall keep My Sabbaths. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:3 Each shall revere his father and his mother, and you shall keep My Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God.
The order of mother and father is reversed.
19:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:4 Do not turn to idols or make molten gods for yourselves. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:4 Do not follow idols or make cast gods for yourselves. I am the Lord your God.
Turn to / follow; the prohibition corresponds.
19:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:5 When you sacrifice a sacrifice of well-being to YHWH, sacrifice it for your acceptance.
Greek · Saints priority
19:5 When you sacrifice a sacrifice of deliverance to the Lord, sacrifice it so that it is acceptable for you.
Both concern acceptability; see the offering terms at 3:1.
19:6 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:6 It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it and on the next day. What remains until the third day shall be burned with fire.
Greek · Saints priority
19:6 It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it and on the next day. If anything remains until the third day, it shall be burned up with fire.
The time limit corresponds.
19:7 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:7 If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is offensive; it shall not be accepted.
Greek · Saints priority
19:7 If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is unfit for sacrifice; it shall not be accepted.
Hebrew piggul / Greek athytos characterizes the invalid offering differently.
19:8 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:8 Whoever eats it shall bear his guilt, for he has profaned YHWH’s holy thing, and that person shall be cut off from his people.
Greek · Saints priority
19:8 Whoever eats it shall bear sin, for he has profaned the Lord’s holy things, and the persons who eat shall be destroyed from among their people.
Greek changes to plural offenders in the sanction; cut off / destroyed differs in expression.
19:9 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:9 When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap your field to its very edge or gather the gleanings of your harvest.
Greek · Saints priority
19:9 When you reap the harvest of your land, do not completely reap your field’s harvest or gather what falls from your harvest,
Hebrew specifically identifies the field’s edge; Greek states incomplete harvesting more generally.
19:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:10 Do not strip your vineyard or gather its fallen grapes; leave them for the poor and the resident foreigner. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:10 Do not glean your vineyard again or gather its grapes; leave them for the poor and the newcomer. I am the Lord your God.
Greek says grapes without an explicit fallen qualifier; the surrounding gleaning rule limits the sense.
Honesty, justice, and love of neighbor · 19:11–18
19:11 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:11 You shall not steal, deal falsely, or lie to one another.
Greek · Saints priority
19:11 You shall not steal. You shall not lie. No one shall defraud his neighbor.
The order and particular offenses differ; Greek sykophanteo concerns malicious accusation or extortionate deception.
19:12 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:12 You shall not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:12 You shall not swear by My name for an unjust cause, and you shall not profane the name of your God. I am the Lord your God.
Greek adds your God to the closing formula and expressly negates the profanation clause.
19:13 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:13 You shall not oppress your neighbor or rob him. A hired worker’s wages shall not remain with you overnight until morning.
Greek · Saints priority
19:13 You shall not wrong your neighbor or seize his property. A hired worker’s wages shall not sleep with you until morning.
The wage protection agrees; Greek retains the sleeping image.
19:14 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:14 You shall not curse the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear your God. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:14 You shall not speak evil of the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear the Lord your God. I am the Lord your God.
Greek expands both divine-name expressions; curse / speak evil differs in wording.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi extends the blind person’s obstacle to misleading advice given to someone uninformed. Fear of God addresses an intention concealed from others. Rashi, Leviticus 19:14
19:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:15 You shall do no injustice in judgment. Do not favor the poor or defer to the great; judge your neighbor in righteousness.
Greek · Saints priority
19:15 You shall do no injustice in judgment. Do not favor the poor or admire the powerful; judge your neighbor in righteousness.
Both reject status-based partiality.
19:16 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:16 You shall not go about as a slanderer among your people. You shall not stand by at your neighbor’s blood. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:16 You shall not go about deceitfully in your nation. You shall not conspire against your neighbor’s blood. I am the Lord your God.
Hebrew’s blood clause is here read as prohibiting standing by while life is endangered; Greek explicitly prohibits a hostile conspiracy. The Hebrew idiom also admits a hostile-action reading, which would narrow the contrast.
19:17 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:17 You shall not hate your brother in your heart. You must reprove your neighbor, and you shall not bear sin because of him.
Greek · Saints priority
19:17 You shall not hate your brother in your mind. You must reprove your neighbor, and you shall not bear sin because of him.
Heart / mind represents inward disposition; the corrective obligation agrees.
19:18 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:18 You shall not take vengeance or hold a grudge against the sons of your people. You shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:18 Your hand shall not take vengeance, and you shall not remain angry with the sons of your people. You shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord.
Greek makes the hand the avenging agent and expresses the grudge as continuing anger. The love command corresponds.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi reports Rabbi Akiva’s description of neighbor-love as a great principle of the Torah. This is an attributed evaluation of the command. Rashi, Leviticus 19:18
Saints reception — quotation. Jesus quotes this command alongside love of God and describes the law and prophets as depending on these two commands. Matthew 22:37–40
Mixtures, sexual relations, and fruit trees · 19:19–25
19:19 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:19 You shall keep My statutes. Do not mate your livestock with a different kind. Do not sow your field with mixed kinds. Do not put on a garment of mixed fabric, shaatnez.
Greek · Saints priority
19:19 You shall keep My law. Do not mate your livestock with a different stock. Do not sow your vineyard with a different kind. Do not put on a spurious garment woven from two materials.
Field / vineyard changes the stated agricultural scope. The fabric is expressed through Hebrew shaatnez / Greek two-material, spurious weaving; the precise textile rule requires interpretation.
19:20 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:20 If a man lies with a woman with an emission of semen, and she is a slave woman designated for another man but has not been redeemed or given freedom, there shall be an inquiry. They shall not be put to death, because she has not been freed.
Greek · Saints priority
19:20 If anyone lies with a woman with an emission of semen, and she is a household slave reserved for a man but has not been ransomed or given freedom, there shall be an inquiry concerning them. They shall not die, because she has not been freed.
Greek expressly applies the inquiry to them. Hebrew biqqoret and Greek episkope can carry judicial visitation or punishment senses; a precise penalty is not supplied in the translation without a note.
19:21 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:21 He shall bring his guilt offering to YHWH at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, a ram for a guilt offering.
Greek · Saints priority
19:21 He shall bring his offense offering to the Lord beside the door of the Tent of Testimony, a ram for an offense offering.
The required ram corresponds.
19:22 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:22 The priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering before YHWH for the sin he has committed, and he shall be forgiven for the sin he has committed.
Greek · Saints priority
19:22 The priest shall make propitiation for him with the ram of the offense offering before the Lord for the sin he has committed, and the sin he has committed shall be forgiven him.
The stated offender’s forgiveness corresponds.
19:23 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:23 When you enter the land and plant any food tree, you shall regard its fruit as uncircumcised. For three years it shall be uncircumcised for you; it shall not be eaten.
Greek · Saints priority
19:23 When you enter the land that the Lord your God gives you and plant any food tree, you shall purge its uncleanness. Its fruit shall remain unpurged for you for three years; it shall not be eaten.
Hebrew uses uncircumcision and treating fruit as prohibited; Greek uses purging and uncleanness. The ritual characterization and expressed action differ, although the three-year food restriction agrees. Greek also expands the land clause.
19:24 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:24 In the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, an offering of praise to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:24 In the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, praiseworthy to the Lord.
The fourth-year dedication corresponds.
19:25 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:25 In the fifth year you may eat its fruit, so that its yield may increase for you. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:25 In the fifth year you may eat the fruit; its produce shall be an increase for you. I am the Lord your God.
The fifth-year permission and increased yield correspond.
Practices, reverence, and fair dealing · 19:26–37
19:26 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:26 You shall not eat over the blood. You shall not practice divination or interpret omens.
Greek · Saints priority
19:26 You shall not eat on the mountains. You shall not divine by omens or observe birds for divination.
Hebrew reads blood; Greek reads mountains. The stated eating prohibition is substantially different. Greek also specifies bird observation in the second divination term.
19:27 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:27 You shall not round off the edges of your heads or destroy the edges of your beard.
Greek · Saints priority
19:27 You shall not make a sisoe from the hair of your head or spoil the appearance of your beards.
Greek sisoe names an uncertain hairstyle; it is retained rather than guessed. Edges / appearance differs.
19:28 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:28 You shall not make cuts in your flesh for the dead or put tattooed markings on yourselves. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:28 You shall not make incisions in your body for a dead person or put tattooed letters on yourselves. I am the Lord your God.
Greek adds your God; markings / letters differs in specificity.
19:29 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:29 Do not profane your daughter by making her a prostitute, so that the land does not prostitute itself and become full of wickedness.
Greek · Saints priority
19:29 Do not profane your daughter by making her a prostitute, so that the land does not prostitute itself and the land does not become filled with lawlessness.
Both warn against the land’s prostitution and consequent corruption. Greek has lawlessness where Hebrew has wickedness. The final coordinated clause shares the warning’s negative scope; absence of a repeated negative does not establish that obedience fills the land with evil.
19:30 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:30 You shall keep My Sabbaths and revere My sanctuary. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:30 You shall keep My Sabbaths and revere My holy things. I am the Lord.
Sanctuary / holy things changes the stated object of reverence.
19:31 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:31 Do not turn to mediums or spirit-knowers; do not seek them and become defiled by them. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:31 Do not follow spirit-mediums or attach yourselves to enchanters and become defiled by them. I am the Lord your God.
The named practitioners and seeking / attachment language differ. Greek engastrimythos literally evokes belly-speaking and is used for spirit-medium practice.
19:32 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:32 You shall rise before gray hair, honor an elder, and fear your God. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:32 You shall rise before a gray-haired person, honor an elder, and fear your God. I am the Lord your God.
Greek adds your God to the closing identification.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi also interprets the elder in terms of acquired wisdom. This is reception of the command to honor age, rather than a reason to erase the age vocabulary. Rashi, Leviticus 19:32
19:33 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:33 When a resident foreigner lives with you in your land, you shall not mistreat him.
Greek · Saints priority
19:33 If a newcomer comes to you in your land, you shall not oppress him.
The protection of the newcomer corresponds.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi applies the prohibition to verbal taunting of a convert about earlier idol worship. That specific example remains commentary, not an added biblical clause. Rashi, Leviticus 19:33
19:34 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:34 The resident foreigner living with you shall be like a native among you. You shall love him as yourself, for you were resident foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
19:34 The newcomer who approaches you shall be like a native among you. You shall love him as yourself, for you became newcomers in the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.
The love command explicitly includes the resident newcomer in both.
19:35 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:35 You shall do no injustice in judgment, in length, weight, or volume.
Greek · Saints priority
19:35 You shall do no injustice in judgment, in measures, weights, or scales.
The list of measurement categories differs.
19:36 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:36 You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin. I am YHWH your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
19:36 You shall have just scales, just weights, and a just chous. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
Hebrew names two capacity measures, ephah and hin; Greek names one, chous. The omitted separate measure is not supplied in Greek.
19:37 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
19:37 You shall keep all My statutes and all My judgments and do them. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
19:37 You shall keep all My law and all My ordinances and do them. I am the Lord your God.
Greek adds your God; the law terms differ.
← Leviticus 18 compared · Reading text of Leviticus 19 · Leviticus: all chapters · Leviticus 20 compared →
Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.