Leviticus 24 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 9 Similar 2 Different 6 Divergent 3 Disparate 3
Disparate in this chapter: 24:3, 24:7, 24:16
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
The lamps and the bread · 24:1–9
24:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
24:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
24:2 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:2 Command the sons of Israel to bring you pure beaten olive oil for the light, to keep a lamp burning continually.
Greek · Saints priority
24:2 Command the sons of Israel to bring Me pure beaten olive oil for light, to burn a lamp continually.
The recipient is you, Moses, in Hebrew and Me, God, in Greek.
24:3 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:3 Outside the curtain of the testimony, in the Tent of Meeting, Aaron shall arrange it from evening to morning before YHWH continually. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations.
Greek · Saints priority
24:3 Outside the curtain, in the Tent of Testimony, Aaron and his sons shall burn it from evening to morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual ordinance throughout your generations.
Greek expressly assigns the service to Aaron and his sons; Hebrew here names Aaron alone. Greek also omits of the testimony after curtain and uses burn rather than arrange.
24:4 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:4 He shall arrange the lamps upon the pure lampstand before YHWH continually.
Greek · Saints priority
24:4 You shall burn the lamps upon the pure lampstand before the Lord until morning.
Greek has plural you, burn, and until morning where Hebrew has he, arrange, and continually. Verse 3 already supplies the overnight interval in both texts.
24:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:5 You shall take fine flour and bake twelve cakes from it. Each cake shall contain two tenths.
Greek · Saints priority
24:5 You shall take fine flour and make twelve loaves from it. Each loaf shall contain two tenths.
Greek make is less specific than Hebrew bake; the number and quantity agree.
Saints reception — narrative recollection. Hebrews recalls the lampstand, table, and presentation of bread in its description of the sanctuary. This is a later scriptural recollection of the sanctuary’s furnishings and rites. Hebrews 9:1–5
24:6 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:6 You shall place them in two arrangements, six in each arrangement, on the pure table before YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
24:6 You shall place them in two arrangements, six in each arrangement, on the pure table before the Lord.
The arrangement of the twelve loaves corresponds.
24:7 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:7 You shall put pure frankincense upon the arrangement, and it shall serve as a memorial portion for the bread, an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
24:7 You shall put pure frankincense and salt upon the arrangement. They shall be set before the Lord as a memorial for the loaves.
Greek adds salt as an explicit material and describes setting before the Lord rather than an offering by fire. The additional ingredient changes the stated ritual instruction.
24:8 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:8 Sabbath by Sabbath he shall arrange it before YHWH continually, from the sons of Israel as a perpetual covenant.
Greek · Saints priority
24:8 On the Sabbath day he shall set it before the Lord continually, before the sons of Israel as a perpetual covenant.
Hebrew from the sons of Israel becomes Greek before the sons of Israel; Greek uses a middle verb for the agent setting the bread before the Lord.
24:9 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:9 It shall belong to Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, for it is most holy for him from YHWH’s offerings by fire, a perpetual due.
Greek · Saints priority
24:9 It shall belong to Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat these things in a holy place, for this is most holy for him from the things sacrificed to the Lord, a perpetual ordinance.
Both assign the sacred bread to Aaron’s household; offering terminology differs.
The name, judgment, and equal law · 24:10–23
24:10 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:10 The son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian man, went out among the sons of Israel. The Israelite woman’s son and an Israelite man fought in the camp.
Greek · Saints priority
24:10 The son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian man, went out among the sons of Israel. The Israelite woman’s son and an Israelite man fought in the camp.
The participants and conflict correspond.
24:11 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:11 The Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the Name and cursed, and they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.
Greek · Saints priority
24:11 The Israelite woman’s son pronounced the Name and cursed, and they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.
Hebrew nāqab is rendered here contextually as blaspheme; Greek explicitly says pronounce. Both also say he cursed. The familiar names Shelomith and Dibri render the Greek forms Σαλωμιθ and Δαβρι; these ordinary forms do not require different English identities.
24:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:12 They placed him in custody, so that a decision might be made clear to them by the mouth of YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
24:12 They placed him in custody, to judge him by the Lord’s command.
Hebrew emphasizes clarification to them by divine utterance; Greek emphasizes judging the man by a command.
24:13 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:13 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
24:13 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
24:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:14 Bring the one who cursed outside the camp. All who heard him shall lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation shall stone him.
Greek · Saints priority
24:14 Bring the one who cursed outside the camp. All who heard him shall lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation shall stone him.
The witnesses’ action and communal execution correspond.
24:15 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:15 You shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying: Any man who curses his God shall bear his sin.
Greek · Saints priority
24:15 Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: A man who curses God shall incur sin.
Greek lacks his before God. The Hebrew possessive should not be used by itself to settle the law’s full religious scope.
24:16 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:16 One who blasphemes YHWH’s name shall surely be put to death. The whole congregation shall surely stone him. Whether resident foreigner or native-born, when he blasphemes the Name he shall be put to death.
Greek · Saints priority
24:16 Let one who names the Lord’s name be put to death. Let the whole congregation of Israel stone him with stones. Whether resident foreigner or native-born, when he names the Lord’s name, let him die.
Greek says naming the name, while Hebrew nāqab is commonly understood as blaspheming in this context and can also mean naming explicitly. This affects the law’s apparent scope; verses 11 and 15 connect it with cursing, so Greek must not be presented as unambiguously criminalizing every reverent utterance.
24:17 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:17 If a man strikes down any human life, he shall surely be put to death.
Greek · Saints priority
24:17 If a man strikes a human being and the person dies, he shall be put to death.
Greek explicitly adds and the person dies, expressing the fatal outcome contained in the Hebrew kill-life idiom.
24:18 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:18 One who strikes down an animal’s life shall make restitution for it, life for life.
Greek · Saints priority
24:18 One who strikes an animal and it dies shall repay life for life.
Greek explicitly states death here too; the restitution agrees.
24:19 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:19 If a man causes a blemish in his fellow, as he has done, so shall it be done to him:
Greek · Saints priority
24:19 If anyone causes a blemish in his neighbor, just as he has done to him, so shall it be done in return to him:
Both state reciprocal liability for injury.
24:20 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. As he has caused a blemish in a human being, so shall it be inflicted upon him.
Greek · Saints priority
24:20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. As he has caused a blemish in a human being, so shall it be inflicted upon him.
The proportional formula corresponds; later interpretation of its enforcement is a reception question.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi explains bodily injury through monetary compensation assessed for the loss. This legal reception must remain distinct from the bodily equivalence imagery used in the verse. Rashi, Leviticus 24:20
24:21 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:21 One who strikes down an animal shall make restitution for it, but one who strikes down a human being shall be put to death.
Greek · Saints priority
24:21 One who strikes a human being and the person dies shall be put to death.
Greek omits the animal-restitution clause here, though it retains that rule in verse 18, and explicitly states the human death condition.
24:22 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:22 You shall have one judgment for the resident foreigner and the native-born alike, for I am YHWH your God.
Greek · Saints priority
24:22 There shall be one judgment for the resident foreigner and the local inhabitant, for I am the Lord your God.
The equal legal standard corresponds.
24:23 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
24:23 Moses spoke to the sons of Israel. They brought the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned him with stones. The sons of Israel did as YHWH commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
24:23 Moses spoke to the sons of Israel. They brought the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned him with stones. The sons of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moses.
The execution report and obedience formula correspond.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.