1 Chronicles 23 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 23
Hebrew source [H23] • Greek source [G23]
The houses of Levi (23:1–23)
Verse 23:1 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:1] David was old and full of days, and he made Solomon his son king over Israel.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:1] David was old and full of days, and he made Solomon his son king in his place over Israel.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek explicitly adds in his place to Solomon's appointment.
Verse 23:2 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:2] He gathered all Israel's officials, the priests, and the Levites.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:2] He gathered all Israel's rulers, the priests, and the Levites.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The assembled groups agree.
Verse 23:3 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:3] The Levites were counted from thirty years old and upward. Their number, counting the men head by head, was thirty-eight thousand.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:3] The Levites were numbered from thirty years old and upward. Their number, counting the men head by head, was thirty-eight thousand.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both retain thirty as this count's minimum age and thirty-eight thousand as its total; the later age of twenty is not substituted here.
Verse 23:4 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:4] Of these, twenty-four thousand were to oversee the work of YHWH's house, and six thousand were officers and judges.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:4] Of these, twenty-four thousand were supervisors over the works of the Lord's house, and six thousand were scribes and judges.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The numbers and oversight task agree; Hebrew officers correspond to Greek scribes.
Verse 23:5 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:5] Four thousand were gatekeepers, and four thousand praised YHWH with the instruments that I made for praise.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:5] Four thousand were gatekeepers, and four thousand praised the Lord with the instruments that he made for praising the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew abruptly uses first-person I made; Greek uses third-person he made and repeats the Lord at the end. The unannounced Hebrew change of speaker is retained.
Verse 23:6 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:6] David divided them into divisions according to Levi's sons: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:6] David divided them into service courses according to Levi's sons: Gedson, Kaath, and Merari;
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek describes the divisions as courses of service. Its following unit continues the list with dative name forms.
Verse 23:7 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:7] Of the Gershonites: Ladan and Shimei.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:7] and according to Parosom, Edan, and Semei.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew identifies a Gershonite group with two names; Greek has the opaque form Parosom followed by Edan and Semei, all in the continuing dative construction. It is not silently replaced with Gershonites.
Verse 23:8 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:8] Ladan's sons: Jehiel the head, Zetham, and Joel—three.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:8] Edan's sons: Jiiel the ruler, Zethom, and Joel—three.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The three names correspond in form and the first has precedence in both.
Verse 23:9 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:9] Shimei's sons: Shelomith, Haziel, and Haran—three. These were the ancestral heads of Ladan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:9] Semei's sons: Salomith, Jiiel, and Aidan—three. These were the ancestral rulers of Edan.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The second and third names differ, Haziel and Haran versus Jiiel and Aidan. Both associate this Shimei/Semei group with Ladan/Edan.
Verse 23:10 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:10] Shimei's sons: Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah. These were Shimei's sons—four.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:10] The sons of Semei: Jeth, Ziza, Joas, and Beria. These were Semei's sons—four.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew Zina here becomes Ziza in the next verse; Greek has Ziza in both. Jeush corresponds to Greek Joas. Both count four.
Verse 23:11 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:11] Jahath was the head, and Zizah the second. Jeush and Beriah did not have many sons, so they became one ancestral house for a single muster.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:11] Jeth was the ruler, and Ziza the second. Joas and Beria did not have many sons, so they became one ancestral house for a single inspection.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both combine the last two lines into one administrative unit because their sons were few.
Verse 23:12 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:12] Kohath's sons: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:12] Kaath's sons: Ambram, Issaar, Chebron, and Oziel—four.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The four branches correspond apart from name forms.
Verse 23:13 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:13] Amram's sons: Aaron and Moses. Aaron was set apart to consecrate him as most holy, he and his sons forever, to burn offerings before YHWH, to minister to Him, and to bless in His name forever.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:13] Ambram's sons: Aaron and Moses. Aaron was distinguished to be consecrated as most holy, he and his sons forever, to burn incense before the Lord, to minister, and to invoke His name forever.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Both associate Aaron's separation with enduring sacred service. The Hebrew consecration construction is rendered as consecrating Aaron, though consecrating the most holy things is another syntactic possibility. Greek is passive. Hebrew blessing in the name corresponds to Greek invoking or praying in the name.
Verse 23:14 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:14] As for Moses, the man of God, his sons were reckoned under the tribe of Levi.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:14] As for Moses, the man of God, his sons were called into the tribe of Levi.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both distinguish Moses' descendants as part of the Levitical tribe.
Verse 23:15 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:15] Moses' sons: Gershom and Eliezer.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:15] Moses' sons: Gersam and Eliezer.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two sons agree apart from Gershom's form.
Verse 23:16 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:16] Gershom's sons: Shebuel the head.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:16] Gersam's sons: Soubael the ruler.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both retain a plural sons heading followed by one named head.
Verse 23:17 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:17] Eliezer's sons were Rehabiah the head. Eliezer had no other sons, but Rehabiah's sons became exceedingly many.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:17] Eliezer's sons were Raabia the ruler. Eliezer had no other sons, but Raabia's sons increased greatly.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both state Eliezer's single-son line and the later family's expansion.
Verse 23:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:18] Izhar's sons: Shelomith the head.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:18] Issaar's sons: Salomoth the ruler.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The named head is Shelomith in Hebrew and Salomoth in Greek; the line's structure agrees.
Verse 23:19 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:19] Hebron's sons: Jeriah the head, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:19] Chebron's sons: Idoud the ruler, Amadia the second, Oziel the third, and Ikemias the fourth.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The positions agree, but several name forms differ substantially, especially Jeriah/Idoud and Jahaziel/Oziel.
Verse 23:20 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:20] Uzziel's sons: Micah the head and Isshiah the second.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:20] Oziel's sons: Michas the ruler and Isia the second.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two names and ranks correspond.
Verse 23:21 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:21] Merari's sons: Mahli and Mushi. Mahli's sons: Eleazar and Kish.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:21] Merari's sons: Mooli and Mousi. Mooli's sons: Eleazar and Kis.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both give the same two successive generations, apart from name forms.
Verse 23:22 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:22] Eleazar died and had no sons, only daughters. The sons of Kish, their kinsmen, married them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:22] Eleazar died and had no sons, only daughters. The sons of Kis, their kinsmen, took them as wives.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both describe marriages with the related Kish line. Brothers in both languages is rendered kinsmen in light of the preceding genealogy.
Verse 23:23 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:23] Mushi's sons: Mahli, Eder, and Jeremoth—three.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:23] Mousi's sons: Mooli, Eder, and Jarimoth—three.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The three branches correspond.
The duties and ages of the Levites (23:24–32)
Verse 23:24 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:24] These were Levi's sons according to their ancestral houses, the ancestral heads according to their musters, by the number of names, head by head, those doing the work for the service of YHWH's house, from twenty years old and upward.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:24] These were Levi's sons according to their ancestral houses, their ancestral rulers according to their inspection, by the number of their names, head by head, doing the works of ministry in the Lord's house, from twenty years old and upward.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both now specify twenty years and upward; the distinct thirty-year threshold of verse three remains intact.
Verse 23:25 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:25] For David said, “YHWH, the God of Israel, has given rest to His people and has settled in Jerusalem forever.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:25] For David said, “The Lord, the God of Israel, has given rest to His people and has dwelt in Jerusalem forever.”
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both connect the people's rest with God's enduring dwelling in Jerusalem. Quotation boundaries are editorial; the following Hebrew continuation is included in David's explanation.
Verse 23:26 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:26] The Levites also no longer have to carry the dwelling and all its vessels for its service.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:26] The Levites were no longer carrying the tent and all its vessels for its ministry.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Hebrew expresses absence of a carrying obligation; Greek describes their no longer carrying. Both include the sanctuary equipment.
Verse 23:27 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:27] For by David's final words the sons of Levi were numbered from twenty years old and upward.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:27] For in David's last words is the number of Levi's sons from twenty years old and upward,
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both connect the twenty-year enrollment with David's final directives.
Verse 23:28 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:28] Their station was at the hand of Aaron's sons for the service of YHWH's house, over the courts and chambers, over the purification of every holy thing, and the work of the service of God's house;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:28] for he stationed them at Aaron's hand to minister in the Lord's house, over the courts and chambers, over the purification of all holy things, and over the works of ministry in God's house:
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew gives the Levites' station under Aaron's sons; Greek narrates his stationing them at Aaron's hand, without sons. The initial Greek he is left unnamed rather than definitively assigned.
Verse 23:29 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:29] for the arranged bread, the fine flour for the grain offering, the unleavened wafers, the pan preparation, the soaked preparation, and every measure of capacity and size;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:29] for the bread of presentation, the fine flour of the sacrifice, the unleavened flat cakes, the pan preparation, the mixed preparation, and every measure;
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek uses mixed where the Hebrew preparation term is rendered soaked, and gives one general measure term for the Hebrew pair. The exact cooking process of the Hebrew preparation is uncertain.
Verse 23:30 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:30] and to stand every morning to thank and praise YHWH, and likewise in the evening;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:30] and to stand in the morning to praise and give thanks to the Lord, and likewise in the evening;
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek reverses praise and thanksgiving and omits the Hebrew repeated morning expression; the daily pattern agrees.
Verse 23:31 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:31] and for every offering of burnt offerings to YHWH on sabbaths, new moons, and appointed festivals, by number according to their prescribed rule, continually before YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:31] and over all the whole burnt offerings offered to the Lord on sabbaths, new moons, and feasts, by number according to the ordinance concerning them, continually for the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Both regulate the offerings for the same calendar occasions. Hebrew before YHWH corresponds to Greek for the Lord.
Verse 23:32 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[23:32] They were to keep the charge of the Tent of Meeting, the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of Aaron's sons their brothers for the service of YHWH's house.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[23:32] They shall keep the charges of the Tent of Testimony and the charges of Aaron's sons their brothers, to minister in the Lord's house.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek omits the separate charge of the sanctuary and calls the tent Testimony where Hebrew has Meeting.