Exodus 25 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 6 Similar 13 Different 15 Divergent 6 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
The Call for Contributions
25:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
25:2 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:2 “Speak to the sons of Israel, that they take a contribution for Me. You shall receive My contribution from everyone whose heart moves him.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:2 “Speak to the sons of Israel, and receive firstfruits for Me from everyone whose heart is willing. You shall receive My firstfruits.
Hebrew terumah is a contribution; Greek aparche names an offering of firstfruits. The wording does not limit the gift to agricultural produce. [G25]
25:3 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:3 This is the contribution you shall receive from them: gold, silver, and bronze;
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:3 This is the firstfruit offering you shall receive from them: gold, silver, and bronze;
The offering terms differ; the metals agree.
25:4 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:4 blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, fine linen, and goats’ hair;
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:4 blue, purple, double scarlet, spun fine linen, and goats’ hair;
Greek explicitly qualifies scarlet as “double.” The exact textile process is not specified by this English rendering. [G25]
25:5 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:5 rams’ skins dyed red, tachash skins, and acacia wood;
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:5 rams’ skins dyed red, blue skins, and decay-resistant wood;
The animal behind Hebrew tachash is uncertain; “porpoise” or “badger” would be more specific than the evidence permits. Greek describes blue skins and wood resistant to decay. [H25; G25]
25:6 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:6 oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and the fragrant incense;
Greek · Saints priority
H 25:6 alignment — No corresponding clause in the consulted Greek sequence. —
The consulted Greek passes directly from skins and wood to stones. V1 supplied this Hebrew clause to Greek. [G25]
25:7 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:7 onyx stones and stones for setting in the ephod and breastpiece.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:7 sardius stones and stones for engraving, for the shoulder-piece and full-length robe.
The stone and garment terms differ. Traditional gemstone names do not establish modern mineral identifications. [G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:6 → RH 25:7.
25:8 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:8 They shall make Me a sanctuary, and I will dwell among them.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:8 You shall make Me a sanctuary, and I will appear among you.
Hebrew describes dwelling; Greek describes appearing and changes the address. [H25; G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:7 → RH 25:8.
25:9 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:9 You shall make it according to everything I show you: the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:9 You shall make it for Me according to everything I show you on the mountain: the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings. Thus you shall make it.
Greek explicitly adds the mountain and repeats the making command. [G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:8 → RH 25:9.
The Ark of the Covenant
25:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:10 They shall make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:10 You shall make an ark of testimony of decay-resistant wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high.
Greek adds “of testimony” and characterizes the wood without naming acacia.
Earlier navigation: 25:9 → RH 25:10.
25:11 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:11 You shall overlay it with pure gold, inside and outside, and make a gold molding around it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:11 You shall overlay it with pure gold, outside and inside, and make twisted gold moldings around it.
Greek specifies twisted moldings and reverses inside/outside.
Earlier navigation: 25:10 → RH 25:11.
25:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:12 You shall cast four gold rings for it and place them on its four feet, two rings on one side and two on the other.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:12 You shall fashion four gold rings for it and place them on its four sides, two rings on one side and two on the other.
Hebrew pa‘amot refers to feet or supports here; Greek says sides and uses a metalworking verb rather than explicitly casting. [H25; G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:11 → RH 25:12.
25:13 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:13 You shall make poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:13 You shall make carrying poles of decay-resistant wood and overlay them with gold.
The wood is designated differently.
Earlier navigation: 25:12 → RH 25:13.
25:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:14 You shall put the poles through the rings on the ark’s sides to carry the ark with them.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:14 You shall put the poles through the rings on the ark’s sides to carry the ark with them.
Earlier navigation: 25:13 → RH 25:14.
25:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:15 The poles shall remain in the ark’s rings; they shall not be removed from it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:15 The carrying poles shall remain fixed in the ark’s rings.
Hebrew states a prohibition; Greek describes fixed placement.
Earlier navigation: 25:14 → RH 25:15.
25:16 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:16 You shall put into the ark the testimony I will give you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:16 You shall put into the ark the testimonies I will give you.
Hebrew uses a singular collective; Greek a plural.
Earlier navigation: 25:15 → RH 25:16.
25:17 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:17 You shall make a cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:17 You shall make a propitiatory cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.
Hebrew kapporet and Greek hilasterion name the ark’s sacred cover. “Propitiatory” does not by itself settle the relation of expiation and propitiation. [G25]
Saints reception: Hebrews 9:5 recalls the cherubim overshadowing the cover. This is a sanctuary reference; its Christian argument develops in the surrounding chapter. [S-Heb9]
Earlier navigation: 25:16 → RH 25:17.
25:18 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:18 You shall make two cherubim of gold, of hammered work, at the two ends of the cover.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:18 You shall make two cherubim of worked gold and place them at the two sides of the propitiatory cover.
The Hebrew describes making them at the ends; Greek explicitly says to place them on the sides.
Earlier navigation: 25:17 → RH 25:18.
25:19 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:19 Make one cherub at one end and the other at the other end. You shall make the cherubim from the cover at its two ends.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:19 One cherub shall be made at this side and one at the other side of the propitiatory cover. You shall make the two cherubim at its two sides.
Hebrew explicitly makes the cherubim from the cover; Greek does not state that construction detail.
Earlier navigation: 25:18 → RH 25:19.
25:20 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:20 The cherubim shall spread their wings upward, shielding the cover with their wings. Their faces shall be toward one another, facing the cover.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:20 The cherubim shall spread their wings above, overshadowing the propitiatory cover with their wings. Their faces shall be toward one another, facing the propitiatory cover.
Earlier navigation: 25:19 → RH 25:20.
25:21 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:21 You shall place the cover on top of the ark, and put into the ark the testimony I will give you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:21 You shall place the propitiatory cover on top of the ark, and put into the ark the testimonies I will give you.
Greek again uses plural “testimonies.”
Earlier navigation: 25:20 → RH 25:21.
25:22 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:22 I will meet with you there and speak with you from above the cover, from between the two cherubim on the ark of the testimony, concerning everything I command you for the sons of Israel.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:22 I will make Myself known to you from there and speak with you from above the propitiatory cover, from between the two cherubim on the ark of the testimony, concerning everything I command you for the sons of Israel.
Hebrew describes meeting; Greek describes being made known. [G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:21 → RH 25:22.
The Table for the Bread of the Presence
25:23 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:23 You shall make a table of acacia wood, two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:23 You shall make a table of pure gold, two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high.
Hebrew names a wooden table subsequently overlaid with gold; Greek here names a table of pure gold. The construction relationship needs review before treating the material descriptions as incompatible. [H25; G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:22 → RH 25:23.
25:24 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:24 You shall overlay it with pure gold and make a gold molding around it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:24 You shall make twisted gold moldings around it.
Greek lacks the separate overlaying instruction here; its next clause belongs with the rim instruction below.
Earlier navigation: 25:23a → RH 25:24.
25:25 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:25 You shall make a rim a handbreadth wide around it, and a gold molding around its rim.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:25 You shall make a rim a handbreadth wide around it, and a twisted molding around the rim.
Greek divides this material between its verses 23 and 24.
Earlier navigation: 25:23b–24 → RH 25:25.
25:26 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:26 You shall make four gold rings for it and put them at the four corners by its four legs.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:26 You shall make four gold rings and put them at the four parts of its legs
RH 25:26 describes the four gold rings at the four parts of the table’s legs. The beneath-the-rim phrase follows at RH 25:27.
Earlier navigation: 25:25 → RH 25:26.
25:27 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:27 The rings shall be close to the rim, as holders for the poles used to carry the table.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:27 Beneath the rim, the rings shall be holders for the carrying poles, so that the table may be carried with them.
RH 25:27 says beneath the rim; Hebrew locates the rings close to the rim. Both describe holders for carrying poles.
Earlier navigation: 25:26 → RH 25:27.
25:28 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:28 You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold, so that the table may be carried with them.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:28 You shall make the carrying poles of decay-resistant wood and overlay them with pure gold, and the table shall be carried with them.
Greek specifies pure gold; the wood terms differ.
Earlier navigation: 25:27 → RH 25:28.
25:29 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:29 You shall make its dishes, ladles, pitchers, and bowls for pouring libations. You shall make them of pure gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:29 You shall make its dishes, incense cups, libation vessels, and cups for pouring libations. You shall make them of pure gold.
Both list four vessel types. Their exact forms and the Hebrew names’ applications remain open to specialist review.
Earlier navigation: 25:28 → RH 25:29.
25:30 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:30 You shall place the bread of the Presence on the table before Me continually.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:30 You shall place the bread of the Presence on the table before Me continually.
Earlier navigation: 25:29 → RH 25:30.
The Menorah; The Golden Lampstand
25:31 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:31 You shall make a lampstand of pure gold, of hammered work. Its base and shaft, cups, bulbs, and flowers shall be made as one piece with it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:31 You shall make a lampstand of pure gold, of worked metal. Its stem, branches, bowls, knobs, and lilies shall be made from it.
The component terms and flower designation differ; Greek names lilies. [H25; G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:30 → RH 25:31.
25:32 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:32 Six branches shall extend from its sides, three from one side of the lampstand and three from the other.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:32 Six branches shall extend from its sides, three from one side of the lampstand and three from the other.
Earlier navigation: 25:31 → RH 25:32.
25:33 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:33 There shall be three almond-shaped cups on one branch, with a bulb and flower, and three almond-shaped cups on the other branch, with a bulb and flower. So it shall be for the six branches extending from the lampstand.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:33 There shall be three bowls shaped like little nuts, with a knob and lily on one branch. So it shall be for the six branches extending from the lampstand.
The consulted Greek has a shorter description and does not repeat the other branch’s cups. [G25]
Earlier navigation: 25:32 → RH 25:33.
25:34 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:34 On the lampstand there shall be four almond-shaped cups, with their bulbs and flowers.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:34 On the lampstand there shall be four bowls shaped like little nuts; on one branch shall be its knobs and lilies.
RH 25:34 retains the difficult on-one-branch phrase with the knobs and lilies; the construction is not silently regularized.
Earlier navigation: 25:33 → RH 25:34.
25:35 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:35 There shall be a bulb under each pair of branches extending from it, for all six branches of the lampstand.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:35 There shall be a knob under the two branches extending from it, and a knob under the four branches extending from it; so it shall be for the six branches extending from the lampstand.
RH 25:35 describes a knob under two branches and a knob under four branches. It does not repeat the four-bowl clause from 25:34.
Earlier navigation: 25:34–35 → RH 25:35.
25:36 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:36 Their bulbs and branches shall be one piece with it, all of it a single hammered work of pure gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:36 Its knobs and branches shall be made from it, the whole worked from one piece of pure gold.
Both require one-piece construction.
25:37 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:37 You shall make its seven lamps, and set them up to give light in front of it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:37 You shall make its seven lamps and set them on it, and they shall shine from one face.
Greek’s “from one face” is retained without substituting the Hebrew directional wording. [G25]
25:38 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:38 Its tongs and firepans shall be of pure gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:38 You shall make its snuffer and supports of pure gold.
The accessory names differ in the consulted Greek. [G25]
25:39 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:39 It shall be made, with all these utensils, from a talent of pure gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:39 All these utensils shall be a talent of pure gold.
Hebrew explicitly includes the lampstand with the utensils; Greek’s clause names the utensils collectively.
25:40 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
25:40 See that you make them according to the pattern shown to you on the mountain.
Greek · Saints priority
G 25:40 See that you make them according to the pattern shown to you on the mountain.
Saints reception: Hebrews 8:5 quotes the command about the mountain’s pattern in its account of earthly sanctuary service and heavenly realities. [S-Heb8]
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.