
Exodus 39 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 7 Similar 12 Different 14 Divergent 10 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Making the Vestments for the Priesthood
39:1 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:1 From blue, purple, and scarlet yarn they made garments for service in the sanctuary. They made the holy garments for Aaron, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:8; 39:12 Every skilled worker among the craftsmen made the holy robes for Aaron the priest, as the Lord commanded Moses. From the remaining blue, purple, and scarlet they made Aaron’s robes for ministry, to minister in the sanctuary.
G’s garment-making introduction occurs in chapter thirty-six, with a later statement about remaining fabric in chapter thirty-nine. Both are retained with their references; neither is silently rewritten from H.
Earlier navigation: 39:13 → RH 39:12.
39:2 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:2 He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:9 They made the shoulder-piece of gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen.
RH has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:2 has singular he made. Shoulder-piece retains the Greek garment term.
39:3 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:3 They hammered out the gold plates, and he cut them into threads to work into the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and the fine linen, with skilled design.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:10 The gold plates were cut into threads to be woven with the blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, a woven work.
RH passively states that the gold plates were cut into threads. It does not include the hammering clause found in Hebrew 39:3.
39:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:4 They made joined shoulder sections for it; it was joined at its two ends.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:11 They made joined shoulder sections for it on both sides,
39:5 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:5 Its woven band was of one piece with it, made in the same way: of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:12 a woven work intertwined together. They made it by itself from the same material, according to its workmanship: gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, as the Lord commanded Moses.
G does not separately name the band in this clause.
39:6 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:6 They prepared the onyx stones in gold settings, engraved like seals with the names of the children of Israel.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:13 They made the two emerald stones, clasped and set in gold, engraved like seals with the names of the children of Israel.
G names two emerald stones; H names onyx. Traditional gemstone identifications remain provisional.
39:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:7 He put them on the shoulder sections of the ephod as memorial stones for the children of Israel, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:14 He put them on the shoulders of the shoulder-piece as memorial stones for the children of Israel, as the Lord commanded Moses.
39:8 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:8 He made the breastpiece with skilled design, like the workmanship of the ephod, of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:15 They made the oracle-piece with woven embroidery, like the workmanship of the shoulder-piece, of gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen.
RH has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:8 has singular he made. Oracle-piece preserves the Greek garment’s revelatory designation.
39:9 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:9 They made the breastpiece square and folded double, a span long and a span wide when doubled.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:16 They made the oracle-piece square and doubled, a span long and a span wide when doubled.
39:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:10 They set four rows of stones in it. The first row was a sardius, topaz, and carbuncle;
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:17 A fabric set with four rows of stones was woven into it. The first row was a sardius, topaz, and emerald;
The traditional stone names differ; compare chapter twenty-eight. These English names do not establish modern mineral identities.
39:11 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:11 the second row an emerald, sapphire, and diamond;
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:18 the second row a carbuncle, sapphire, and jasper;
The established traditional renderings are retained provisionally; diamond does not assert the modern mineral.
39:12 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:12 the third row a ligure, agate, and amethyst;
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:19 the third row a ligure, agate, and amethyst;
39:13 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:13 the fourth row a beryl, onyx, and jasper. They were enclosed in gold settings.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:20 The fourth row was a chrysolite, beryl, and onyx, enclosed in gold and bound in gold.
The stone sequence and setting description differ.
39:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:14 There were twelve stones bearing the names of the children of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:21 There were twelve stones bearing the names of the children of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.
39:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:15 They made twisted chains of pure gold for the breastpiece.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:22 They made braided chains of pure gold for the oracle-piece.
39:16 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:16 They made two gold settings and two gold rings, and put the two rings at the two ends of the breastpiece.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:23 They made two gold rosettes and two gold rings, and put the two gold rings at the two ends of the oracle-piece.
The G rosette term differs from H’s settings. RH groups these clauses in 36:23; the former 36:23–24 navigation is retained below.
Earlier navigation: 36:23–24 → RH 36:23.
39:17 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:17 They put the two twisted gold chains into the two rings at the ends of the breastpiece.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:24 They put the gold braids into the rings on both sides of the oracle-piece,
Earlier navigation: 36:25a → RH 36:24.
39:18 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:18 and fastened the other ends of the two twisted chains to the two settings. They put them on the shoulder sections of the ephod, at its front.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:25 and the two braids into the two joinings. They put them on the two rosettes and on the shoulders of the shoulder-piece, facing forward.
G’s fitting description is retained independently; its sentence divisions differ.
Earlier navigation: 36:25b–26 → RH 36:25.
39:19 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:19 They made two gold rings and placed them at the two ends of the breastpiece, on its inside edge facing the ephod.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:26 They made two gold rings and put them at the two ends of the oracle-piece, on its edge toward the rear, on the inner side of the shoulder-piece.
Earlier navigation: 36:27 → RH 36:26.
39:20 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:20 They made two gold rings and put them below on the two shoulder sections of the ephod, at its front, close to the joining above the ephod’s woven band.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:27 They made two gold rings and put them on both shoulders of the shoulder-piece, below it at the front, by the joining above the shoulder-piece’s interwoven fabric.
RH 36:27 includes the detailed positioning below, at the front, by the joining and above the shoulder-piece’s fabric, corresponding broadly to Hebrew 39:20.
Earlier navigation: 36:28 → RH 36:27.
39:21 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:21 They tied the breastpiece’s rings to the ephod’s rings with a blue cord, so that it rested above the ephod’s woven band and would not come loose from the ephod, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:28 He fastened the oracle-piece by its rings to the rings of the shoulder-piece with blue cord, interwoven into the shoulder-piece’s fabric so that the oracle-piece would not come loose from it, as the Lord commanded Moses.
RH 36:28 has singular he fastened and names interweaving into the shoulder-piece’s fabric. Hebrew 39:21 has a plural verb and specifies the woven band.
Earlier navigation: 36:29 → RH 36:28.
Making the Robe, the Tunics, and the Gold Plate
39:22 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:22 He made the robe of the ephod of woven work, entirely blue.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:29 They made the robe beneath the shoulder-piece of woven work, entirely blue.
RH 36:29 has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:22 has singular he made. Both describe an entirely blue woven robe.
Earlier navigation: 36:30 → RH 36:29.
39:23 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:23 The robe had an opening in its middle like the opening of a coat of mail, with a border around the opening so that it would not tear.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:30 The opening of the robe was in its middle, woven and joined together, with a border around the opening so that it would not tear.
H’s comparison with a coat of mail is not repeated in G.
Earlier navigation: 36:31 → RH 36:30.
39:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:24 They made pomegranates on the hem of the robe from twisted blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:31 They made pomegranates at the lower hem of the robe, of blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, like a pomegranate tree in bloom.
G explicitly includes fine linen and a floral description; H here says twisted without separately naming linen.
Earlier navigation: 36:32 → RH 36:31.
39:25 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:25 They made bells of pure gold and placed the bells between the pomegranates all around the hem of the robe,
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:32 They made gold bells and placed the bells at the hem of the robe, all around between the pomegranates,
G does not repeat pure.
Earlier navigation: 36:33 → RH 36:32.
39:26 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:26 a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, around the hem of the robe for ministry, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:33 a gold bell and a pomegranate at the hem of the robe all around, for ministry, as the Lord commanded Moses.
G states the alternation once and explicitly repeats gold.
Earlier navigation: 36:34 → RH 36:33.
39:27 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:27 They made woven tunics of fine linen for Aaron and his sons,
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:34 They made woven tunics of fine linen for Aaron and his sons,
Earlier navigation: 36:35 → RH 36:34.
39:28 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:28 the turban of fine linen, the ornate head coverings of fine linen, and the linen undergarments of finely twisted linen,
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:35 the turbans of fine linen, the headband of fine linen, and the linen undergarments of spun fine linen,
The headwear descriptions and singular/plural forms differ.
Earlier navigation: 36:36 → RH 36:35.
39:29 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:29 and the sash of finely twisted linen, embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:36 They made their sashes of fine linen, blue, purple, and spun scarlet, the work of an embroiderer, as the Lord commanded Moses.
H has a sash; G has their sashes.
Earlier navigation: 36:37 → RH 36:36.
39:30 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:30 They made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold and engraved on it, like a seal: “Holy to YHWH.”
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:37 They made the gold plate, the consecration of the sanctuary, of pure gold. He wrote on it letters engraved like a seal: “Holy to the Lord.”
RH 36:37 calls the gold plate the consecration of the sanctuary and gives its inscription as Holy to the Lord. Hebrew 39:30 calls it the plate of the holy crown. RH groups the fabrication and inscription in one verse.
Earlier navigation: 36:38–39 → RH 36:37.
39:31 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:31 They attached a blue cord to it, to fasten it high on the turban, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 36:38 They put a blue band on it, to fasten it on the headband above, as the Lord commanded Moses.
RH 36:38 places a blue band on the headband above; Hebrew 39:31 specifies a blue cord and turban. The former internal label 36:40 is superseded.
Earlier navigation: 36:40 → RH 36:38.
Completion and Final Inspection
39:32 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:32 Thus all the work of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting was completed. The children of Israel did everything YHWH had commanded Moses; so they did.
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:10–11 The children of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moses; so they did. From the remaining gold of the contribution they made utensils for ministering before the Lord.
G’s completion statement is followed by an additional remaining-gold clause. The following remaining-fabric clause is translated with the garment introduction at verse one.
Earlier navigation: 39:11–12 → RH 39:10–11.
39:33 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:33 They brought the tabernacle to Moses: the tent and all its utensils, its clasps, boards, bars, pillars, and bases;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:13 They brought to Moses the robes, the tent and its utensils, its bases, its bars, and its pillars;
G starts with the robes and has a shorter structural inventory.
Earlier navigation: 39:14 → RH 39:13.
39:34 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:34 the covering of rams’ skins dyed red, the covering of tachash skins, and the screening veil;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:20 the leather coverings of rams’ skins dyed red, the coverings of blue skins, and the coverings for the remaining things;
This portion of G’s later inventory is aligned here. The uncertain tachash animal in H is not identified by G, which describes blue skins.
Earlier navigation: 39:21b → RH 39:20.
39:35 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:35 the ark of the testimony and its poles, and the cover;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:14 the ark of the covenant and its carrying poles;
G says covenant and does not separately name the propitiatory cover here.
Earlier navigation: 39:15 → RH 39:14.
39:36 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:36 the table and all its utensils, and the bread of the Presence;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:17 the table of presentation and all its utensils, and the bread set before God;
Earlier navigation: 39:18 → RH 39:17.
39:37 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:37 the pure lampstand with its lamps, the lamps to be arranged, all its utensils, and the oil for the light;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:16 the pure lampstand and its lamps, the lamps for burning, and the oil for the light;
G does not add all its utensils in this lampstand entry.
Earlier navigation: 39:16b–17 → RH 39:16.
39:38 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:38 the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the entrance screen of the tent;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:15 the altar and all its utensils, the anointing oil, and the compounded incense;
G does not identify this altar as gold. The entrance veil appears in the G court inventory aligned at verse forty.
Earlier navigation: 39:16a → RH 39:15.
39:39 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:39 the bronze altar and its bronze grating, its poles and all its utensils, the basin and its stand;
Greek · Saints priority
H 39:39 alignment — No separate bronze-altar-and-basin entry in this G delivery list. —
G mentions an altar in its earlier list, but does not duplicate H’s full second-altar and basin entry here.
39:40 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:40 the court’s hangings, its pillars and bases, the screen for the court’s gate, its cords and pegs, and all the equipment for the service of the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting;
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:19(i); 39:19(ii); 39:21 the court’s hangings and pillars, the entrance veil of the tent and of the court’s gate; all the tent’s utensils and equipment; the pegs, and all the equipment for the work of the Tent of Testimony;
The skin-covering portion within G’s inventory is aligned separately at verse thirty-four. G lacks several of H’s explicit fittings here.
Earlier navigation: 39:20 → RH 39:19(i); 39:21a → RH 39:19(ii); 39:21c → RH 39:21.
39:41 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:41 the garments for service in the sanctuary, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons’ garments for priestly service.
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:18 Aaron’s robes for the sanctuary and his sons’ robes for priestly service.
G’s shorter clothing entry precedes its court inventory.
Earlier navigation: 39:19 → RH 39:18.
39:42 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:42 The children of Israel made all the work according to everything YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:22 The children of Israel made all the equipment as the Lord commanded Moses.
39:43 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
39:43 Moses inspected all the work and saw that they had done it as YHWH had commanded; so they had done. Moses blessed them.
Greek · Saints priority
G 39:23 Moses saw all the work, and they had done it in the way the Lord commanded Moses; so they had done it. Moses blessed them.
Rabbinic reception: Rashi on 39:43 understands Moses’ blessing as a prayer for the Shekhinah to rest upon the workers’ handiwork and connects it with Psalm 90:17. The prayer’s wording is commentary, not an omitted biblical speech. [R39]
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.