Exodus 6 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 8 Similar 9 Different 9 Divergent 2 Disparate 2
Disparate in this chapter: 6:18, 6:20
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Divine Reassurance
6:1 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:1 YHWH said to Moses, “Now you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh. By a strong hand he will let them go, and by a strong hand he will drive them from his land.”
Greek · Saints priority
6:1 The Lord said to Moses, “Now you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh. By a strong hand he will let them go, and by an uplifted arm he will drive them from his land.”
Hebrew repeats strong hand; Greek changes the second image to uplifted arm [H6; G6].
6:2 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:2 God spoke to Moses and said to him, “I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
6:2 God spoke to Moses and said to him, “I am the Lord.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:3 “I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but by My name YHWH I did not make Myself known to them.
Greek · Saints priority
6:3 “I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as their God, but I did not reveal My name Lord to them.
El Shaddai and as their God differ [H6; G6]. The relation to the divine name in Genesis requires interpretation; the wording is not silently reconciled.
Rabbinic: Rashi on 6:3 explains the contrast in terms of God’s faithfulness becoming manifest through fulfilled promises, rather than the patriarchs having no knowledge of the name’s letters [R6].
6:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:4 “I also established My covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land where they lived as sojourners.
Greek · Saints priority
6:4 “I established My covenant with them, to give them the land of the Canaanites, the land where they sojourned and lived as foreigners.
The regional name and its people correspond; Greek repeats the residence description [G6].
6:5 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:5 “I have also heard the groaning of the sons of Israel, whom the Egyptians enslave, and I have remembered My covenant.
Greek · Saints priority
6:5 “I have heard the groaning of the sons of Israel, whom the Egyptians enslave, and I have remembered your covenant.
The consulted Greek has your covenant, not My covenant [G6; B6]. The covenant relationship can be described from either side; the pronoun is preserved.
6:6 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:6 “Therefore say to the sons of Israel: ‘I am YHWH. I will bring you out from under Egypt’s burdens and deliver you from their slavery. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments.
Greek · Saints priority
6:6 “Go, say to the sons of Israel: ‘I am the Lord. I will bring you out from the Egyptians’ domination and deliver you from slavery. I will ransom you with an uplifted arm and with great judgment.
Burdens/domination, outstretched/uplifted, and plural judgments/singular judgment differ [H6; G6]. Ransom does not specify a payment recipient or price here.
6:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:7 “‘I will take you as My people, and I will be your God. You shall know that I am YHWH your God, who brings you out from under Egypt’s burdens.
Greek · Saints priority
6:7 “‘I will take you as My own people, and I will be your God. You shall know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the Egyptians’ oppression.
Greek describes the bringing out as accomplished within the promise; Hebrew uses a participle. The oppression imagery also differs [G6].
6:8 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:8 “‘I will bring you into the land that I lifted My hand to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am YHWH.’”
Greek · Saints priority
6:8 “‘I will bring you into the land concerning which I stretched out My hand to give it to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you as an inheritance. I am the Lord.’”
Both hand expressions can be read in the promise’s oath context; Greek does not require V1’s different physical intervention [H6; G6].
6:9 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:9 Moses spoke thus to the sons of Israel, but they did not listen to him because of their anguish of spirit and hard labor.
Greek · Saints priority
6:9 Moses spoke thus to the sons of Israel, but they did not listen to him because of their discouragement and hard labor.
Hebrew shortness of spirit and Greek discouragement overlap. The context explains their response without a medical diagnosis [H6; G6].
6:10 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:10 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
6:10 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:11 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:11 “Go in and speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he will let the sons of Israel leave his land.”
Greek · Saints priority
6:11 “Go in and speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he will let the sons of Israel leave his land.”
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:12 Moses spoke before YHWH: “The sons of Israel have not listened to me. How then will Pharaoh listen to me, when I am of uncircumcised lips?”
Greek · Saints priority
6:12 Moses spoke before the Lord: “The sons of Israel have not listened to me. How then will Pharaoh listen to me? I am ineloquent.”
Hebrew preserves the uncircumcised-lips metaphor; Greek describes inadequate speech [H6; G6]. Neither makes a precise physical diagnosis.
6:13 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:13 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron and charged them concerning the sons of Israel and Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
6:13 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and charged them concerning Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that the sons of Israel would be sent out of the land of Egypt.
The Greek charge lacks the separate reference to Israel as its addressee [G6]. The duplicate verse 13 in V1 is printed once here.
The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron
6:14 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:14 These are the heads of their ancestral houses. The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. These are the families of Reuben.
Greek · Saints priority
6:14 These are the heads of their ancestral houses. The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. This is the kindred of Reuben.
Plural families and singular kindred summarize the same named group [G6].
6:15 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:15 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman. These are the families of Simeon.
Greek · Saints priority
6:15 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Phoenician woman. These are the families of the sons of Simeon.
Hebrew calls the woman Canaanite; Greek calls her Phoenician [H6; G6; B6]. Familiar forms are used for the corresponding sons’ names.
6:16 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:16 These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived one hundred and thirty-seven years.
Greek · Saints priority
6:16 These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their kindreds: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived one hundred and thirty-seven years.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:17 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:17 The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, according to their families.
Greek · Saints priority
6:17 These are the sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, the houses of their family.
The household summary differs modestly [G6].
6:18 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:18 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived one hundred and thirty-three years.
Greek · Saints priority
6:18 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived one hundred and thirty years.
The stated lifespan differs: Hebrew one hundred thirty-three, RH one hundred thirty. RH Issaar is rendered Izhar, as at 6:21; the provisional Issachar is superseded.
6:19 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:19 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of Levi according to their generations.
Greek · Saints priority
6:19 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the ancestral houses of Levi according to their kindreds.
The named descendants agree; the family summary uses different terms.
6:20 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:20 Amram took Jochebed his aunt as his wife, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. Amram lived one hundred and thirty-seven years.
Greek · Saints priority
6:20 Amram took Jochebed, the daughter of his father’s brother, as his wife, and she bore him Aaron, Moses, and their sister Miriam. Amram lived one hundred and thirty-two years.
The lifespans conflict. Kinship also differs: aunt/uncle’s daughter; Greek includes Miriam [H6; G6; B6]. V1’s Greek-English aunt and one hundred and thirty-seven are corrected. The Greek cousin relation is not harmonized with Hebrew.
6:21 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:21 The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.
Greek · Saints priority
6:21 The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.
RH Issaar corresponds to Izhar here and at 6:18; the name is consistent in the selected text. [G6]
6:22 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:22 The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sithri.
Greek · Saints priority
6:22 The sons of Uzziel: Elzaphan and Sithri.
RH names Elzaphan and Sithri and omits Hebrew Mishael. The shorter list is retained from the selected main text; Brenton’s longer list is a secondary comparison. [G6; B6]
6:23 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:23 Aaron took Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, as his wife. She bore him Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
Greek · Saints priority
6:23 Aaron took Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, as his wife. She bore him Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:24 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:24 The sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These are the families of the Korahites.
Greek · Saints priority
6:24 The sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These are the generations of Korah.
RH and Hebrew name Abiasaph. The family summary differs in expression; the provisional Abiasar is superseded.
6:25 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:25 Eleazar son of Aaron took one of Putiel’s daughters as his wife, and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the Levites’ ancestral houses according to their families.
Greek · Saints priority
6:25 Eleazar son of Aaron took one of Putiel’s daughters as his wife, and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the Levites’ family according to their generations.
The descent and marriage agree; the closing organizational terms differ [G6].
6:26 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:26 These are the Aaron and Moses to whom YHWH said, “Bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.”
Greek · Saints priority
6:26 These are the Aaron and Moses whom God told to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt with their forces.
Hebrew has YHWH; Greek has God [G6]. Forces is a contextual rendering of dynamis with the people’s organized departure in view.
6:27 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:27 They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of Egypt. These are Moses and Aaron.
Greek · Saints priority
6:27 They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt: Aaron himself and Moses.
Greek states the bringing out as an accomplished act and reverses the final names [G6; B6]. This narrative anticipation is retained.
Divine Commission
6:28 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:28 On the day when YHWH spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,
Greek · Saints priority
6:28 On the day when the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
6:29 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:29 YHWH said to Moses, “I am YHWH. Tell Pharaoh, king of Egypt, everything I tell you.”
Greek · Saints priority
6:29 The Lord said to Moses, “I am the Lord. Speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, everything I say to you.”
RH’s final relative clause means everything I say to you, corresponding to Hebrew’s instruction.
6:30 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
6:30 Moses said before YHWH, “Look, I am of uncircumcised lips. How will Pharaoh listen to me?”
Greek · Saints priority
6:30 Moses said before the Lord, “Look, I am weak-voiced. How will Pharaoh listen to me?”
Greek uses weak-voiced here, distinct from ineloquent in verse 12 [G6]. Hebrew repeats the same metaphor.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.