Genesis 50 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 50:16, 50:19
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 50
The Passing of Israel
Verse 50:1 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:1 Then Joseph fell upon his father’s face, wept over him, and kissed him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:1 Then Joseph fell upon his father’s face, wept over him, and kissed him.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 50:2 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:2 Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father, and the physicians embalmed Israel.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:2 Joseph commanded his servants the embalmers to prepare his father for burial, and the embalmers prepared Israel for burial.
Classification & Notes
Different — Physicians/embalmers differs in occupational description. The Greek burial-preparation verb has broader scope than embalming alone [G50].
Verse 50:3 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:3 Forty days were completed for him, the prescribed time for embalming, and Egypt mourned him seventy days.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:3 They completed forty days for him, for this is how the days of burial preparation are reckoned, and Egypt mourned him seventy days.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Rahlfs–Hanhart has they completed for him, correcting the earlier draft’s singular verb and plural pronoun. Both texts give forty days for preparation and seventy days of mourning. [G50]
Verse 50:4 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:4 When the days of mourning ended, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s household, “If I have found favor in your sight, please speak in Pharaoh’s ears, saying,”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:4 When the days of mourning ended, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s officials, “If I have found favor before you, speak on my behalf in Pharaoh’s ears, saying,”
Classification & Notes
Different — Household/officials differs in specificity; Greek explicitly adds on my behalf [G50].
Verse 50:5 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:5 “‘My father made me swear, saying, “I am about to die. Bury me in the tomb I dug for myself in Canaan.” Please let me go up and bury my father; then I will return.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:5 “‘My father made me swear, saying, “Bury me in the tomb I dug for myself in Canaan.” Now I will go up and bury my father, and then return.’”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek lacks I am about to die and states the journey rather than phrasing it as a request. Rahlfs–Hanhart explicitly says return, correcting the earlier draft’s depart. [G50]
Verse 50:6 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:6 Pharaoh said, “Go up and bury your father, as he made you swear.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:6 Pharaoh said, “Go up and bury your father, as he made you swear.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 50:7 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:7 So Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his household, and all the elders of the land of Egypt.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:7 So Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his household, and all the elders of the land of Egypt.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 50:8 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:8 Joseph’s whole household, his brothers, and his father’s household went too. Only their little ones, flocks, and herds remained in Goshen.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:8 Joseph’s whole household, his brothers, and his whole paternal household went too. They left their kindred, sheep, and oxen in Gesem.
Classification & Notes
Different — Greek kindred is the object of left behind, not another group joining the journey. It is broader than Hebrew little ones; the earlier draft’s mistaken attachment is corrected. [G50]
Verse 50:9 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:9 Chariots and horsemen went up with him, and the company was very great.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:9 Chariots and horsemen went up with him, and the company was very great.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The camp expression is rendered company in the traveling procession.
Verse 50:10 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:10 They came to the threshing floor of Atad beyond the Jordan and lamented there with great and grievous mourning. He mourned his father for seven days.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:10 They came to the threshing floor of Atad beyond the Jordan and lamented him with great and grievous mourning. He mourned his father for seven days.
Classification & Notes
Same — Rahlfs–Hanhart has the singular he made mourning for his father, agreeing with Hebrew. The earlier draft’s plural is corrected. [G50]
Verse 50:11 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:11 The Canaanite inhabitants saw the mourning at Atad’s threshing floor and said, “This is grievous mourning for the Egyptians.” So the place was named Abel-mizraim, beyond the Jordan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:11 The inhabitants of Canaan saw the mourning at Atad’s threshing floor and said, “This is great mourning for the Egyptians.” So the place was named Mourning of Egypt, beyond the Jordan.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Greek translates the place-name’s mourning wordplay [G50].
Verse 50:12 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:12 His sons did for him as he had commanded them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:12 His sons did this for him and buried him there.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The consulted Greek adds and buried him there, while verse 13 specifies Canaan and the cave. The sequence is preserved for review rather than rewritten [G50].
Verse 50:13 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:13 His sons carried him to Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, opposite Mamre, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite as a burial holding.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:13 His sons carried him to Canaan and buried him in the double cave, opposite Mamre, which Abraham bought from Ephron the Hittite as a burial holding.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The cave designation follows 49:30; Greek lacks the separate field-purchase phrase [G50].
Verse 50:14 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:14 After burying his father, Joseph returned to Egypt with his brothers and all who had gone up with him to bury his father.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:14 Then Joseph returned to Egypt—he, his brothers, and all those who had gone up with him to bury his father.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek lacks the separate after-burying clause [G50].
The Brothers’ Forgiveness
Verse 50:15 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:15 Now when Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge against us and fully repays us for all the evils we committed against him?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:15 Now when Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge against us and fully repays us for all the evils we committed against him?”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 50:16 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:16 They sent a message to Joseph, saying, “Your father commanded before he died,”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:16 They came to Joseph, saying, “Your father gave an oath-bound charge before he died,”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — The means of communication and command/oath expression differ. The brothers’ report is not independently certified by the narrator [G50]. Rabbinic reception: Rashi says the brothers altered the report for peace and that Jacob had not given this command. This is an attributed interpretation of their claim [R50]. An oath-bound charge gives the brothers’ reported instruction a different stated authority.
Verse 50:17 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:17 “‘Say to Joseph, “Please forgive your brothers’ transgression and sin, for they did evil to you.”’ Now please forgive the transgression of the servants of your father’s God.” Joseph wept as they spoke to him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:17 “‘Say to Joseph, “Forgive their injustice and sin, for they did evil to you.”’ Now pardon the injustice of the servants of your father’s God.” Joseph wept as they spoke to him.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The offense and forgiveness terms correspond in the plea [G50].
Verse 50:18 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:18 His brothers also came and fell before him, saying, “We are your slaves.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:18 They came to him and said, “Here we are, your household slaves.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek lacks the bowing clause, but Rahlfs–Hanhart includes to you, rendered your household slaves. The earlier claim that the possessive relation is absent is corrected. [G50]
Verse 50:19 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:19 Joseph said to them, “Do not fear. Am I in the place of God?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:19 Joseph said to them, “Do not fear, for I belong to God.”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — Hebrew asks whether Joseph occupies God’s place; Greek states that he belongs to God. These substantially different theological reasons for reassurance need not contradict each other. [G50]
Verse 50:20 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:20 “You intended evil against me, but God intended it for good, to bring about what is happening today: keeping many people alive.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:20 “You planned evil against me, but God planned good concerning me, to bring about what is happening today: feeding many people.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Keeping alive/feeding differs in the result described. The two intentions remain distinct; the text does not call the brothers’ evil good [G50].
Verse 50:21 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:21 “Do not fear. I will provide for you and your little ones.” He comforted them and spoke to their hearts.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:21 He said to them, “Do not fear. I will provide for you and your households.” He comforted them and spoke to their hearts.
Classification & Notes
Different — Little ones/households differs in scope. Speaking to their hearts is the idiom of reassurance [G50].
The Exodus Promise
Verse 50:22 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:22 Joseph lived in Egypt with his father’s household. Joseph lived one hundred ten years.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:22 Joseph lived in Egypt with his brothers and his father’s whole household. Joseph lived one hundred ten years.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek expressly includes the brothers and the whole household [G50].
Verse 50:23 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:23 Joseph saw Ephraim’s children to the third generation. Machir’s sons, the sons of Manasseh’s son, were also born upon Joseph’s knees.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:23 Joseph saw Ephraim’s children to the third generation. Machir’s sons, the sons of Manasseh’s son, were also born upon Joseph’s thighs.
Classification & Notes
Different — Knees/thighs preserves the bodily image. Household reception or recognition may be implied, but a formal adoption ritual is not inserted [G50].
Verse 50:24 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:24 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. God will surely visit you and bring you up from this land to the land He swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:24 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. God will surely visit you and bring you up from this land to the land God swore to our fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek explicitly repeats God and adds our fathers [G50].
Verse 50:25 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:25 Joseph made the sons of Israel swear, saying, “God will surely visit you, and you shall carry my bones up from here.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:25 Joseph made the sons of Israel swear, saying, “When God visits you, you shall carry my bones up from here with you.”
Verse 50:26 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
50:26 Joseph died at one hundred ten years of age. They embalmed him, and he was placed in a coffin in Egypt.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
50:26 Joseph died at one hundred ten years of age. They performed his burial rites and placed him in a coffin in Egypt.
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew explicitly says embalmed. Greek uses buried, rendered performed his burial rites in the coffin context; it does not require an immediate burial in the ground [G50].
Editorial record
Material decisions in Version 3
The updated Bible Translation Reference Document governs this revision. The Hebrew and Greek translations remain independent in the established three-column tables. Category words accompany colors. Native book, chapter, and pericope headings are retained, including red chapter and purple pericope headings. Existing pericope boundaries remain the reading units.
All 27 chapters are structurally represented: 941 canonical verses in 942 aligned rows, because Hebrew 35:22 is divided into 22a and 22b. The previously restored nine verses remain present. The chapter 35 tower notice is paired across its source positions without duplicating either account. Row totals are not counts of unique textual variants.
English syntax, explicit agents, negatives, clause boundaries, names, quantities, and contextual terms have been reviewed. The new full references and MT/RH alignment labels allow each translation cell to be located independently. Slavery, sexual violence, kinship, divine titles, and named ancient units remain explicit where supported by the source.
Disparate now follows the reference guide’s broader meaning, including consequential agency, legal status, theological statements, and major poetic imagery. Direct contradiction is not required. Substantial genealogical changes at 46:20–27 are evaluated cumulatively; differing subtotals are preserved without inventing a harmonization or changing the printed numbers.
Declared project bases: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition (1997), and Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second edition (2006). The final review directly compared every Greek reading unit in chapters 24–50 with the publisher’s RH main text. Chapter 39 is now directly verified, including 39:11, 39:12, and 39:17. Prior NETS comparisons remain historical reports; the PDF could not be reopened for this review. Hebrew checks included the publisher’s BHS at 38:30 and Mechon Mamre at selected passages, including 44:34 and chapter 49. A complete fresh BHS collation has not been performed. No complete Göttingen or BHS/RH apparatus collation is claimed.
Attributed reception notes include Rashi, New Testament passages, Augustine, and Justin Martyr. Rabbinic interpretation is presented on its own terms, including disagreement at 33:4. Christian quotation, narrative retelling, genealogical use, and typology are distinguished. This selection makes no claim to exhaustive coverage or uniform agreement.
Selected corrections and retained differences
Narrative and identification
Rahlfs–Hanhart restores Esau’s weeping at 27:38, Jacob’s few-days-for-love clause at 29:20, Joseph as the singular reporter at 37:2, the invitation and approach at 45:4, and Joseph’s weeping at 45:14. The negation at 26:32 remains: Hebrew found water; Greek did not find water. Changes correct the selected running text rather than maximizing contrast.
Names and occupations
Greek name lists in chapters 25, 28, 36, and 46 are corrected to the selected edition while preserving meaningful forms. Rahlfs–Hanhart has Israel at 36:31, not the earlier draft’s Jerusalem. The titles at 40:3–4 distinguish jailer and chief jailer; 41:10 and 41:12 both use the chief-cook designation. At 38:2, 12 the Greek treats Shua as the woman’s name.
Negative clauses and payments
The silver/gold differences at 37:28 and 45:22 remain. Rahlfs–Hanhart says that there was bread in Egypt at 41:54 and that the land will not become desolate at 47:19. Both earlier false contradictions are removed. At 24:22 the Greek gold-weight expression is elliptical; no unstated ancient denomination or modern conversion is invented.
The Egyptian and family narratives
Rahlfs–Hanhart 43:32 describes the meal’s abhorrence; the shepherd explanation belongs at 46:34. Its short identification at 45:3 and fuller identification at 45:4 are restored to their proper verses. Chapter 46 retains the expanded genealogy and stated subtotals. The relocation/enslavement difference at 47:21 and bed/staff image at 47:31 receive the broader Disparate category, with context and reception distinguished.
Blessings and burial
Genesis 49 preserves each source’s central images and difficult syntax. Corrections include the resting/leaning verb at 49:6, first-person I wait at 49:18, the source boundary at 49:24–25, and I buried Leah at 49:31. Rahlfs–Hanhart also corrects the pronoun and verb at 50:3, return at 50:5, the kindred left behind at 50:8, and the singular mourning at 50:10. The difficult burial sequence at 50:12–13 remains visible.
Open source and publication review
A fresh full Hebrew collation against BHS remains open. The final review directly checked the official RH main text for chapter 39 and resolved its former access limitation. Existing Rashi, New Testament, and patristic reception notes were checked in their cited contexts; the Fathers were consulted in English presentations without claiming original-language collation.
Consult John William Wevers, Genesis (Göttingen, 1974), and its apparatus directly, with Notes on the Greek Text of Genesis (1993), before adopting specialist departures. NETS is an indirect English comparison, not the Göttingen Greek apparatus. Independently review the genealogical names, relationships, and subtotals in chapter 46; preserve all reported figures pending an explicit, sourced decision.
Retain specific philological questions at 49:5, 10, 12, 14, and 21–26, including Shiloh, the fruitful-bough construction, Shepherd/Stone, and the blessings’ syntax. Greek 49:18 is now verified as first person, so the earlier participial question is closed. Also review the narrative sequence at 50:12–13 and the contextual burial wording at 50:26.
The reference guide now supplies the divine-name, capitalization, name, unit, and category policies. Apply those policies in future revisions, recording exceptional decisions. Qualified Hebrew and Greek review and a final proof for the eventual publication format remain open. The present native document is a working comparison, not an apparatus-complete critical edition.
Contextual term list
Term or setting | Working rendering | Limitation or example |
|---|---|---|
Divine names | YHWH in Hebrew; Lord in Greek | Divine titles follow each source: retain El Shaddai in Hebrew where used and my/your God where Greek reads that. A title difference is recorded; routine YHWH/Lord correspondence alone is not a disagreement. |
Descent and genealogy | begat where the formula calls for it; bore for births; seed | All stated numbers remain in words. Expanded Greek lists in chapter 46 are kept distinct. |
Household service | servant; slave; slave woman by context | Bilhah and Zilpah’s enslaved status is not reduced to modern domestic employment. A service term alone does not establish freedom. |
Marriage and sexual conduct | wife; concubine; sexual relations; rape where warranted | Kinship and status remain explicit. Genesis 34’s violence is not recast as consensual courtship. |
Animal and property terms | wild animals; livestock; flock; belongings | Specific sheep, goats, cattle, donkeys, and camels are preserved. Livestock can include several species, as at 47:16–17. |
Money and weights | silver; gold; shekel; didrachm where stated | Preserve named units and the payment substance. Elliptical gold-weight wording at 24:22 is explained locally; it does not authorize inventing a denomination. Kesitahs/lambs at 33:19 remain distinct. |
Dreams and divination | dream; interpretation; divination or named practice | Narration of a practice does not automatically endorse it. The cup claims in chapter 44 remain contextual. |
Names and place-name wordplay | Familiar forms with genuine differences shown | Examples include Hebrew Machpelah and Greek double cave. Name meaning can be explained in a note without replacing the name everywhere. |
Joseph’s tunic | ornate in Hebrew; multicolored in Greek | The Hebrew garment term remains uncertain; length and decoration are both discussion points. See 37:3 and 37:32. |
Life and death | soul in census idiom; gathered/added to one’s people | Soul counting denotes persons; death formulas do not automatically require a philosophical account. |
Posture and worship | bow; bow in worship where context supports it | Human homage is distinguished from divine worship. The physical bed/staff difference at 47:31 is preserved. |
Burial preparation | embalm; prepare for burial; perform burial rites | Hebrew physicians and Greek embalmers differ at 50:2. The broader Greek burial verb at 50:26 is read in the coffin context. |
Source index
Codes in the notes and linked source titles identify the consulted material and its role. H = Hebrew; G = Greek; N39 = historical indirect NETS comparison, unavailable for renewed verification; B37 = historical English comparison; R = Rabbinic reception; S = Saints / New Testament reception. A chapter link is a source locator, not proof of a completed critical-apparatus review.
Supplied project documents
Bible Translation Reference Document — Updated: governing method, terminology, five categories, document structure, and quality-review requirements.
Bible Translation Reference Document (2).pdf: supplied predecessor, revised into the updated reference guide. Earlier conflicting instructions are superseded by that guide.
Supplied Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy V2 documents: companion examples used in updating the reference guide.
Companion volume: Saints Translation: Genesis 1–23 [V3] — revised to the same reference guide.
Saints Translation: Genesis 24–50 [V2]: the supplied manuscript revised here. Its prior editorial history is retained where relevant; Version 3 corrections and review limits are stated above.
Hebrew comparison passages
H24 Genesis 24: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H26 Genesis 26: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H27 Genesis 27: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H30 Genesis 30: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H32 Genesis 32: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H34 Genesis 34: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H35 Genesis 35: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H36 Genesis 36: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H37 Genesis 37: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H46 Genesis 46: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
H49 Genesis 49: Hebrew comparison, Mechon Mamre, with JPS 1917 English.
Greek comparison passages
G24 — Genesis 24: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G25 — Genesis 25: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G26 — Genesis 26: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G27 — Genesis 27: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G28 — Genesis 28: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G29 — Genesis 29: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G30 — Genesis 30: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G31 — Genesis 31: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G32 — Genesis 32: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G33 — Genesis 33: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G34 — Genesis 34: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G35 — Genesis 35: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G36 — Genesis 36: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G37 — Genesis 37: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G38 — Genesis 38: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G39 — Genesis 39: official Rahlfs–Hanhart main text, directly reviewed in the final pass. N39: NETS Genesis, chapter 39, historical indirect comparison (not reopened).
G40 — Genesis 40: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G41 — Genesis 41: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G42 — Genesis 42: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G43 — Genesis 43: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G44 — Genesis 44: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G45 — Genesis 45: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G46 — Genesis 46: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G47 — Genesis 47: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G48 — Genesis 48: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G49 — Genesis 49: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
G50 — Genesis 50: Rahlfs–Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society running text.
Additional translation comparison
B37 — Historical comparison only: Brenton’s Genesis 37:2 and alternative-reading footnote. The present Greek clause follows Rahlfs–Hanhart, not a choice made from this English footnote.
Rabbinic interpretation
R24 Rashi on Genesis 24:57–58, consultation concerning marriage; Chabad edition with commentary.
R29 Rashi on Genesis 29:17, Leah’s eyes; Chabad edition with commentary.
R32 Rashi on Genesis MT 32:25 and 32:29, wrestling and the new name; Chabad edition with commentary.
R33 Rashi on Genesis 33:4, differing interpretations of the kiss; Chabad edition with commentary.
R37 Rashi on Genesis 37:11, keeping the saying; Chabad edition with commentary.
R38 Rashi on Genesis 38:25, Tamar’s indirect disclosure; Chabad edition with commentary.
R48 Rashi on Genesis 48:20, blessing sons; Chabad edition with commentary.
R49 Rashi on Genesis 49:10, messianic interpretation; Chabad edition with commentary.
R50 Rashi on Genesis 50:16, the brothers’ report; Chabad edition with commentary.
Saints and New Testament reception
S25 Paul, Romans 9:10–13: quotation and use of the elder/younger oracle.
S26 Hebrews 12:16–17: Esau’s birthright and blessing.
S27 Augustine, The City of God XVI.37: Jacob’s blessing, Christ, grain, and wine.
S28 John 1:51: allusion to ascending and descending angels.
S38 Matthew 1:3: Judah, Tamar, Perez, and Zerah in the genealogy.
S45 Acts 7:9–13: Stephen’s retelling of Joseph’s history.
S46 Acts 7:14: the seventy-five persons.
S47 Hebrews 11:21: Jacob’s blessing and the staff wording.
S49 Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 52: the blessing of Judah.
S50 Hebrews 11:22: Joseph’s bones and the exodus.
Classification totals and Disparate index
Same: 350; Similar: 209; Different: 208; Divergent: 126; Disparate: 49. Total: 942 aligned rows. These are row classifications, not counts of unique variants.
Version 3 record
Updated to the Bible Translation Reference Document — Updated. Corrected source-supported readings and notes, standardized reference aids and clear divine pronouns, and recorded the actual review scope. Retained unresolved readings for further philological review; no full critical-apparatus verification is claimed.
Additional Hebrew source checks
H38 — Genesis 38:30, BHS publisher text; H44 — Genesis 44:34, Mechon Mamre. Their note codes link to the exact chapter resources. Further full BHS verification remains open.