Genesis 45 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 45:19, 45:22
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 45
Revealing Providence
Verse 45:1 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:1 Now Joseph could no longer restrain himself before all those who stood by him, and he cried out, “Send everyone away from me!” So no one remained with him when Joseph made himself known to his brothers.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:1 Joseph could no longer bear the presence of all those standing by him. He said, “Send everyone away from me!” No one else remained with Joseph when he made himself known to his brothers.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The Greek construction stresses the attendants’ presence; Hebrew explicitly describes Joseph’s self-restraint [G45].
Verse 45:2 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:2 He wept aloud. The Egyptians heard it, and Pharaoh’s household heard it.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:2 He wept aloud. All the Egyptians heard it, and the sound reached Pharaoh’s household.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Greek adds all and describes the sound reaching the household [G45].
Verse 45:3 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:3 Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Is my father still alive?” But his brothers could not answer him, for they were utterly troubled in his presence.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:3 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph. Is my father still alive?” His brothers could not answer him, for they were troubled.
Classification & Notes
Same — Rahlfs–Hanhart has the short identification here; the fuller identification belongs to verse 4. The brothers’ inability to answer and distress correspond. [G45] Saints reception: Acts 7:9–13 retells Joseph’s sale, God’s presence with him, his authority in Egypt, and recognition on the brothers’ second visit. This is a narrative retelling. [S45]
Verse 45:4 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:4 And Joseph said to his brothers, “Come near to me, please.” So they came near. And he said, “I am Joseph your brother, whom you sold into Egypt.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:4 Joseph said to his brothers, “Come near to me.” They came near. He said, “I am Joseph your brother, whom you sold into Egypt.”
Classification & Notes
Same — Rahlfs–Hanhart includes the invitation and approach as well as the identification and sale clause. The earlier draft’s omission is corrected. [G45]
Verse 45:5 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:5 “Do not grieve or be angry with yourselves because you sold me here, for God sent me ahead of you to preserve life.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:5 “Do not grieve or let it seem hard to you that you sold me here, for God sent me ahead of you for life.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — Both interpret the outcome through God’s purpose; neither erases the brothers’ stated act of selling him [G45].
Verse 45:6 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:6 “For the famine has been in the land these two years, and there are still five years remaining in which there will be neither plowing nor harvesting.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:6 “This is the second year of famine in the land, and five years remain in which there will be neither plowing nor harvest.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — Two years/second year describes the elapsed famine [G45].
Verse 45:7 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:7 “God sent me ahead of you to preserve a remnant for you on earth and to keep you alive through a great deliverance.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:7 “God sent me ahead of you to leave a remnant of you on earth and to nourish a great remnant of you.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Keep alive through deliverance/nourish a remnant differs in the final clause. Later remnant theology belongs in reception notes [G45].
Verse 45:8 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:8 “So now, it was not you who sent me here, but God; and He has made me a father to Pharaoh, lord of all his house, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:8 “So now, it was not you who sent me here, but God; and He has made me like a father to Pharaoh, lord of all his house, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — Greek explicitly marks the father comparison with like; the position of authority is metaphorical in both columns. [G45]
Graceful Mercy
Verse 45:9 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:9 “Hurry therefore, and go up to my father, and say to him, ‘Thus says your son Joseph: God has made me lord of all the land of Egypt; come down to me, and do not delay.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:9 “Hurry therefore, and go up to my father, and say to him, ‘Thus says your son Joseph: God has made me lord of all the land of Egypt; come down to me, and do not delay.’”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 45:10 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:10 “You will live in the land of Goshen and be near me, you, your children, your grandchildren, your flocks, your herds, and everything you have.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:10 “And you shall dwell in the land of Gesem of Arabia, and you shall be near me—you, and your sons, and your grandsons, your sheep, your oxen, and all that you have.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek specifies Gesem of Arabia; this ancient regional designation is not mapped directly onto modern national borders [G45].
Verse 45:11 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:11 “I will provide for you there, for five years of famine remain, so you, your household, and all you have will not be impoverished.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:11 “I will nourish you there, for five years of famine remain, so you, your sons, and all your possessions will not be wiped out.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Household/sons and impoverished/wiped out differ in scope and severity [G45].
Verse 45:12 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:12 “Behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my own mouth speaking to you.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:12 “Behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my own mouth speaking to you.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 45:13 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:13 “Report therefore to my father all my glory in Egypt, and all that you have seen; and make haste and bring my father down here.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:13 “Report therefore to my father all my glory in Egypt, and all that you have seen; and make haste and bring my father down here.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Reconciling Provision
Verse 45:14 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:14 Then he fell upon the neck of his brother Benjamin and wept; and Benjamin wept upon his neck.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:14 He fell upon the neck of Benjamin his brother and wept, and Benjamin wept upon his neck.
Classification & Notes
Same — Rahlfs–Hanhart explicitly says that Joseph wept; the two brothers’ reciprocal weeping agrees with Hebrew. [G45]
Verse 45:15 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:15 And he kissed all his brothers and wept over them; and after that his brothers spoke with him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:15 And he kissed all his brothers and wept over them; and after that his brothers spoke with him.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 45:16 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:16 The report reached Pharaoh’s house: “Joseph’s brothers have come.” Pharaoh and his servants were pleased.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:16 The report spread through Pharaoh’s house: “Joseph’s brothers have come.” Pharaoh and his attendants rejoiced.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Pleased/rejoiced and servants/attendants correspond in the reception [G45].
Verse 45:17 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers, ‘Do this: load your animals and return to Canaan.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers, ‘Do this: load your transport and depart for Canaan.’”
Classification & Notes
Similar — The Greek transport term is broader; V1’s traveling carriages is not required. The wagons are explicitly given in verse 19 [G45].
Verse 45:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:18 “‘Take your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good things of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:18 “‘Take your father and your possessions and come to me. I will give you some of all Egypt’s good things, and you will eat the marrow of the land.’”
Classification & Notes
Different — Households/possessions differs; fat/marrow is abundance imagery [G45].
Verse 45:19 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:19 “You are commanded to do this: ‘Take wagons from Egypt for your little ones and your wives, bring your father, and come.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:19 “Give this command, that they take wagons from Egypt: ‘Take them for your children and wives, bring your father, and come.’”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — Hebrew addresses Joseph as commanded; Greek tells him to issue the command. The English marks the change of addressee [G45]. The command assigns a different role to Joseph.
Verse 45:20 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:20 “‘Do not be concerned about your belongings, for all Egypt’s good things will be yours.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:20 “‘Do not be concerned about your belongings, for all Egypt’s good things will be yours.’”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 45:21 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:21 And the sons of Israel did so; and Joseph gave them wagons according to the word of Pharaoh, and he gave them provisions for the journey.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:21 And the sons of Israel did so; and Joseph gave them wagons according to the word of Pharaoh the king, and he gave them provisions for the journey.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Greek adds the king title [G45].
Verse 45:22 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:22 He gave each of them changes of clothing, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:22 He gave them all two robes each, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of gold and five changes of robes.
Classification & Notes
Disparate — Silver/gold differs for Benjamin’s payment. Greek also explicitly gives the other brothers two robes each [G45].
Verse 45:23 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:23 He sent his father these things: ten male donkeys loaded with Egypt’s good things and ten female donkeys loaded with grain, bread, and provisions for his father’s journey.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:23 He sent his father the same, along with ten donkeys loaded with some of all Egypt’s good things and ten female mules loaded with bread for his father’s journey.
Classification & Notes
Different — Female donkeys/mules and the cargo details differ [G45].
Verse 45:24 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:24 He sent his brothers away, and as they departed he said to them, “Do not quarrel on the journey.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:24 So he sent his brothers away, and they departed; and he said to them, “Do not become angry on the way.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — Greek says do not become angry; the Hebrew agitation term is rendered in its interpersonal context [G45].
Verse 45:25 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:25 And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan to their father Jacob.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:25 And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan to their father Jacob.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 45:26 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:26 They told him, “Joseph is still alive, and he rules all Egypt!” His heart grew numb, for he did not believe them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:26 They told him, “Your son Joseph is alive, and he rules all Egypt!” Jacob was stunned, for he did not believe them.
Classification & Notes
Different — Greek names Jacob and your son; the emotional idioms are smoothed without V1’s literal intellect standing outside itself [G45].
Verse 45:27 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:27 They told him everything Joseph had said to them. When he saw the wagons Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:27 They told him everything Joseph had said to them. When he saw the wagons Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father was rekindled.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Revived/rekindled preserves the imagery; V1’s added living flame is removed [G45].
Verse 45:28 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
45:28 Israel said, “Enough! Joseph my son is still alive. I will go and see him before I die.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
45:28 And Israel said, “It is a great thing to me if my son Joseph is still alive! I will go and see him before I die.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew’s enough and Greek’s great thing to me differ; the Greek conditional expression is retained [G45].