Genesis 31 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 31:7, 31:41, 31:43
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 31
Jacob’s Divine Command
Verse 31:1 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:1 Now Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, “Jacob has taken all that belonged to our father, and from our father’s property he has acquired all this glory.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:1 Now Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, “Jacob has taken all that belonged to our father, and from our father’s property he has acquired all this glory.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:2 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:2 Jacob saw that Laban’s attitude toward him was no longer as it had been before.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:2 Jacob saw that Laban’s attitude toward him was no longer as it had been before.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:3 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:3 Then YHWH said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers and to your relatives, and I will be with you.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:3 Then the Lord said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your father and to your relatives, and I will be with you.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew fathers is plural; Greek father is singular [G31].
Verse 31:4 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:4 So Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field where his flock was.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:4 So Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field where his flock was.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:5 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:5 He said to them, “I see that your father’s attitude toward me is no longer as it was before, but the God of my father has been with me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:5 He said to them, “I see that your father’s attitude toward me is no longer as it was before, but the God of my father has been with me.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:6 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:6 “And you yourselves know that with all my power I have served your father.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:6 “And you yourselves know that with all my power I have served your father.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:7 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:7 “Your father has deceived me and changed my wages ten times, but God has not allowed him to harm me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:7 “Your father has cheated me and changed my wages of ten lambs, but God has not allowed him to harm me.”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — Hebrew ten times and Greek ten lambs differ; the Greek is retained even though the wage expression is unusual [G31]. This changes the stated measure of the disputed wages.
Verse 31:8 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:8 “If he said, ‘The speckled animals shall be your wages,’ all the flock bore speckled young. If he said, ‘The striped animals shall be your wages,’ all the flock bore striped young.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:8 “If he said, ‘The variegated animals shall be your wages,’ all the sheep bore variegated young. If he said, ‘The white animals shall be your wages,’ all the sheep bore white young.”
Classification & Notes
Different — The pattern terms differ; Greek white is not silently changed to striped [G31].
Verse 31:9 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:9 “Thus God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:9 “Thus God has taken away all the livestock of your father and given them to me.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes all [G31].
Verse 31:10 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:10 “When the flock was mating, I looked up in a dream and saw that the male goats mounting the flock were striped, speckled, and mottled.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:10 “When the sheep were mating, I saw in a dream that the male goats and rams mounting the sheep and goats were white-marked, variegated, and ash-gray with spots.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Greek explicitly includes rams and sheep, with a different pattern list [G31].
Verse 31:11 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:11 “The angel of God said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob.’ I said, ‘Here I am.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:11 “The angel of God said to me in a dream, ‘Jacob.’ I said, ‘What is it?’”
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew gives Here I am; Greek gives What is it? Rahlfs–Hanhart names Jacob once, so the draft’s repeated address is removed. [G31]
Verse 31:12 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:12 “He said, ‘Look up and see: all the male goats mounting the flock are striped, speckled, and mottled, for I have seen everything Laban is doing to you.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:12 “He said, ‘Look up and see the male goats and rams mounting the sheep and goats, white-marked, variegated, and ash-gray with spots, for I have seen everything Laban is doing to you.’”
Classification & Notes
Different — The animal and pattern distinctions of verse 10 recur [G31].
Verse 31:13 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:13 “‘I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar and made a vow to Me. Now arise, leave this land, and return to the land of your birth.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:13 “‘I am the God who appeared to you in the place of God, where you anointed a pillar to Me and made a vow to Me. Now arise, leave this land, go to the land of your birth, and I will be with you.’”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek describes the place as the place of God and adds I will be with you. Hebrew names Bethel. The missing words of God are restored to the Greek column. [G31]
Jacob Flees from Laban
Verse 31:14 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:14 Then Rachel and Leah answered and said to him, “Is there yet any portion or inheritance left for us in our father’s house?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:14 Then Rachel and Leah answered and said to him, “Is there yet any portion or inheritance left for us in our father’s house?”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:15 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:15 “Does he not regard us as foreigners? He has sold us and entirely consumed our money.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:15 “Does he not regard us as foreigners? He has sold us and entirely consumed our money.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:16 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:16 “Surely all the wealth which God has taken away from our father belongs to us and to our children; now therefore, do whatever God has spoken to you.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:16 “Surely all the wealth and glory which God has taken away from our father belongs to us and to our children; now therefore, do whatever God has spoken to you.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes glory, here referring to wealth or standing [G31].
Verse 31:17 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:17 Jacob arose and put his children and wives on the camels.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:17 Then Jacob arose and took his wives and his children and set them upon camels.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The order of wives and children differs.
Verse 31:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:18 He drove away all his livestock and all the goods he had acquired, the livestock he had gained in Paddan-aram, to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:18 He led away all his belongings and all the household goods he had acquired in Mesopotamia, with everything he had, to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.
Classification & Notes
Different — The Greek collective household-goods term may include dependents as well as baggage; Hebrew explicitly repeats livestock. The regional names correspond [G31].
Verse 31:19 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:19 Laban had gone to shear his sheep, and Rachel stole her father’s teraphim.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:19 Laban had gone to shear his sheep, and Rachel stole her father’s idols.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Teraphim is retained as the Hebrew object name; Greek has idols. No motive for Rachel’s theft is supplied by this verse.
Verse 31:20 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:20 Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean by not telling him that he was fleeing.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:20 Jacob concealed his departure from Laban the Syrian by not telling him that he was fleeing.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Hebrew stole the heart is an idiom for deception; Greek describes concealment [G31].
Verse 31:21 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:21 So he fled with all that he had, and he arose and crossed the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:21 So he fled with all that he had, and crossed the River, and rushed toward the mountain of Gilead.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The travel expressions differ; the River is retained without adding a river name to the translation.
Laban Pursues Jacob
Verse 31:22 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:22 And it was reported to Laban on the third day that Jacob had fled.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:22 And it was reported to Laban the Syrian on the third day that Jacob had fled.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek explicitly adds the Syrian [G31].
Verse 31:23 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:23 So he took his brethren with him and pursued after him a seven days’ journey; and he overtook him in the mountain country of Gilead.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:23 He took all his kinsmen with him and pursued Jacob for a seven-day journey, overtaking him in the hill country of Gilead.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes all; brothers is broader kinship language here [G31].
Verse 31:24 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:24 God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night and said, “Be careful not to speak to Jacob either good or bad.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:24 God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream at night and said, “Be careful not to speak evil to Jacob.”
Classification & Notes
Different — The scope of the warning differs; the Hebrew good-or-bad idiom can forbid interference rather than all speech [G31].
Verse 31:25 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:25 Laban overtook Jacob. Jacob had pitched his tent in the hills, and Laban camped with his kinsmen in the hill country of Gilead.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:25 So Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent on the mountain, and Laban stationed his brethren in the mountain country of Gilead.
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew describes Laban camping with his kinsmen; Greek describes his stationing them [G31].
Verse 31:26 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:26 Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done? You have deceived me and carried off my daughters like captives taken by the sword.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:26 Then Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done? Why did you run away secretly and defraud me, and lead away my daughters as captives taken by the sword?”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes a separate question about secret flight [G31]. The captivity comparison is Laban’s accusation.
Verse 31:27 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:27 “Why did you flee secretly and deceive me without telling me? I would have sent you away with joy and songs, with tambourine and lyre.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:27 “If you had told me, I would have sent you away with joy and music, with tambourines and lyre.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek has a shorter opening, following the secret-flight question in verse 26 [G31].
Verse 31:28 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:28 “But you did not allow me to kiss my children and my daughters; now therefore, you have acted foolishly.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:28 “I was not thought worthy to kiss my children and daughters. You have acted foolishly.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — The consulted Greek is first person, I was not thought worthy, correcting V1’s you were not worthy [G31]. Both object to the lost farewell.
Verse 31:29 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:29 “And now my hand has power to do you harm; but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, ‘Take heed to yourself, lest you speak to Jacob either good or bad.’”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:29 “And now my hand has power to do you harm; but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, ‘Take heed to yourself, lest you speak evil things to Jacob.’”
Classification & Notes
Different — The warning’s scope repeats verse 24 [G31].
Verse 31:30 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:30 “And now you have departed, because you longed with a great longing for your father’s house; but why have you stolen my gods?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:30 “And now you have departed, because you longed with a great longing for your father’s house; but why have you stolen my gods?”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:31 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:31 Jacob answered Laban, “I was afraid, for I thought you might tear your daughters away from me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:31 Jacob answered Laban, “I thought you might take your daughters away from me, and everything I have.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes all Jacob’s belongings but lacks the explicit I was afraid in the consulted reading [G31].
Verse 31:32 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:32 “Whoever has your gods shall not live. Before our kinsmen, identify anything of yours that is with me and take it.” Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:32 “Identify anything of yours that is with me and take it.” He identified nothing with him. Jacob said to him, “Whoever has your gods shall not live before our kinsmen.” Jacob did not know that Rachel his wife had stolen them.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Rahlfs–Hanhart puts the identification and failed search before Jacob’s death pronouncement. It also calls Rachel his wife. The clause order is preserved; the earlier English had rearranged it. [G31]
Verse 31:33 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:33 Laban entered Jacob’s tent, Leah’s tent, and the tent of the two slave women, but found nothing. He left Leah’s tent and entered Rachel’s tent.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:33 Laban entered and searched Leah’s dwelling, but found nothing. Leaving Leah’s dwelling, he searched Jacob’s dwelling and the dwelling of the two slave women, but found nothing. He also entered Rachel’s dwelling.
Classification & Notes
Different — The order of the search differs. Jacob’s dwelling is restored to Greek from the consulted reading; V1 omitted it [G31].
Verse 31:34 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:34 Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel’s saddle basket, and sat on them. Laban searched the whole tent but found nothing.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:34 Rachel had taken the idols, put them in the camel’s saddle gear, and sat on them.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The consulted Greek reserves the search statement for verse 35; its duplication here in V1 is removed [G31].
Verse 31:35 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:35 She said to her father, “Do not be angry, my lord, because I cannot rise before you; the way of women is upon me.” He searched but did not find the teraphim.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:35 She said to her father, “Do not take it badly, my lord. I cannot rise before you, because the customary condition of women is upon me.” Laban searched the whole dwelling but did not find the idols.
Classification & Notes
Similar — The euphemisms refer to menstruation. The narrative reports Rachel’s explanation; it does not require assuming it is medically verified [G31].
Jacob’s Grievances
Verse 31:36 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:36 Jacob became angry and disputed with Laban. He said, “What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have pursued me?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:36 Jacob became angry and disputed with Laban. He said, “What is my offense? What is my sin, that you have pursued me
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:37 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:37 “You have searched all my belongings. What have you found of your household goods? Set it here before my kinsmen and yours, and let them decide between us.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:37 “and searched all my belongings? What have you found among all your household goods? Set it here before my kinsmen and yours, and let them decide between us.”
Classification & Notes
Similar — Read the opening with 31:36: Greek carries Jacob’s question into this verse. Rahlfs–Hanhart names my kinsmen before your kinsmen, agreeing with the Hebrew order. [G31]
Verse 31:38 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:38 “These twenty years I have been with you, your ewes and female goats have not miscarried, and I have not eaten the rams of your flocks.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:38 “These twenty years I have been with you, your ewes and female goats have not miscarried, and I have not eaten the rams of your flocks.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:39 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:39 “I did not bring you animals torn by wild animals; I bore the loss myself. You demanded payment from me for what was stolen by day or by night.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:39 “I did not bring you animals taken by wild animals; I made restitution myself for what was stolen by day or by night.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The consulted Greek lacks the separate demand-from-my-hand clause [G31].
Verse 31:40 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:40 “By day the heat consumed me, and by night the frost; sleep fled from my eyes.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:40 “By day the heat consumed me, and by night the frost; sleep fled from my eyes.”
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:41 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:41 “I have been in your house twenty years. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flock, and you changed my wages ten times.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:41 “I have been in your house twenty years. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters and six years among your sheep, and you cheated me of wages amounting to ten ewe lambs.”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — The ten times/ten ewe lambs distinction returns; the precise Greek wage construction remains open [G31]. This changes the stated measure of the disputed wages.
Verse 31:42 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:42 “If the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the Fear of Isaac, had not been with me, you would have sent me away empty-handed. God saw my affliction and the labor of my hands, and He gave judgment last night.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:42 “If the God of my father Abraham and the Fear of Isaac had not been with me, you would have sent me away empty-handed. God saw my humiliation and the labor of my hands, and He rebuked you yesterday.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Greek identifies Abraham directly as my father and explicitly names the rebuke’s object [G31]. Fear of Isaac is retained as a divine designation.
The Covenant at the Heap
Verse 31:43 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:43 Laban answered Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters, the children my children, the flock my flock, and all you see is mine. What can I do today to these daughters of mine or to the children they have borne?”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:43 Laban answered Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters, the sons my sons, the livestock my livestock, and everything you see is mine and my daughters’. What can I do today to these women or to their children whom they have borne?”
Classification & Notes
Disparate — Rahlfs–Hanhart includes and my daughters’ in Laban’s ownership claim, assigning them a share absent from the Hebrew wording. It does not prefix the lists with your. The former note rejecting the daughters’ property clause is withdrawn. These are Laban’s claims, not a legal ruling by the narrator. [G31]
Verse 31:44 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:44 “Come now, let us make a covenant, you and I, and let it be a witness between us.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:44 “Come now, let us make a covenant, you and I, and let it be a witness between us.” He said to him, “Look, no one is with us; see, God is witness between you and me.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes an explicit appeal to God as witness. Rahlfs–Hanhart does not name the speaker of the added sentence; the English preserves he rather than supplying Jacob. [G31]
Verse 31:45 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:45 And Jacob took a stone and set it up as a pillar.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:45 And Jacob took a stone and set it up as a pillar.
Classification & Notes
Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Verse 31:46 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:46 Jacob said to his kinsmen, “Gather stones.” They took stones and made a heap, and ate there beside the heap.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:46 Jacob said to his kinsmen, “Gather stones.” They gathered stones and made a heap, and ate and drank there beside the heap. Laban said to him, “This heap is a witness between you and me today.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek includes drinking and Laban’s witness statement [G31].
Verse 31:47 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:47 Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha, while Jacob called it Galeed.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:47 Laban called it Witness Heap, while Jacob called it The Heap Bears Witness.
Classification & Notes
Similar — Hebrew preserves the Aramaic and Hebrew names; Greek translates their witness meanings [G31].
Verse 31:48 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:48 Laban said, “This heap is a witness between you and me today.” Therefore it was named Galeed,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:48 And Laban said to Jacob, “Behold this heap, and the pillar, which I have set between me and you; this heap witnesses, and this pillar witnesses; therefore its name was called: The Heap Witnesses.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek gives a longer heap-and-pillar declaration; some corresponding Hebrew material occurs in verses 51–52 [G31].
Verse 31:49 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:49 and Mizpah, because he said, “May YHWH watch between you and me when we are out of one another’s sight.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:49 and The Watch, because he said, “May God watch between you and me, for we are about to part from one another.”
Classification & Notes
Different — Mizpah is translated descriptively in Greek; divine designation and separation wording differ [G31].
Verse 31:50 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:50 “If you mistreat my daughters or take other wives beside them, though no one is with us, remember that God is witness between you and me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:50 “If you mistreat my daughters or take other wives beside them, see, there is no one with us.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The consulted Greek lacks the final God-as-witness clause here; it has already appeared in verse 44 [G31].
Verse 31:51 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:51 Laban said to Jacob, “See this heap and this pillar that I have set between you and me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:51 [No separate Greek text at this verse; corresponding material appears in verse 48.]
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The consulted Greek has no text under verse 51. The editorial marker prevents inventing a duplicate sentence [G31].
Verse 31:52 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:52 “This heap is a witness, and this pillar is a witness, that I will not pass this heap to harm you, and you will not pass this heap and pillar to harm me.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:52 “For if I do not cross over to you, neither shall you cross this heap and pillar to me for harm.”
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek has a shorter, conditional boundary statement; the witness declarations stand earlier [G31].
Verse 31:53 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:53 “May the God of Abraham and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:53 “The God of Abraham and the God of Nahor will judge between us.” Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — Greek lacks the God of their father. Rahlfs–Hanhart places Jacob’s oath in this verse, as does the Hebrew alignment; the oath is moved back from the draft’s 31:54. Laban’s divine designations are preserved without theological harmonization. [G31]
Verse 31:54 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:54 Then Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread; and they ate bread and slept on the mountain.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:54 Jacob offered a sacrifice in the hills and called his kinsmen. They ate and drank and slept in the hills.
Classification & Notes
Different — Hebrew explicitly mentions bread; Greek includes drinking. Rahlfs–Hanhart places the preceding oath in 31:53, so it is not repeated here. [G31]
Verse 31:55 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
31:55 [MT 32:1] And Laban rose up early in the morning, and kissed his sons and his daughters and blessed them; and Laban departed and returned to his place.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
31:55 [RH 32:1] And Laban rose up early in the morning, and kissed his sons and his daughters and blessed them; and Laban departed and returned to his place.