Isaiah 60 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 60
Zion’s light and the nations’ wealth
Verse 60:1 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:1 Arise, shine, for your light has come, and YHWH's glory has risen upon you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:1 Shine, shine, Jerusalem, for your light has come, and the Lord's glory has risen upon you.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek repeats shine and explicitly names Jerusalem where Hebrew commands arise and leaves the feminine recipient implicit. The arriving light and divine glory agree.
Verse 60:2 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:2 For look, darkness will cover earth and thick darkness the peoples, but YHWH will rise upon you, and His glory will appear over you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:2 Look, darkness and gloom will cover earth over nations, but the Lord will appear upon you, and His glory will be seen over you.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both contrast the nations' darkness with divine appearance and glory over the addressed city. Greek appear replaces the Hebrew sunrise verb.
Verse 60:3 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:3 Nations will walk by your light, and kings by the brightness of your rising.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:3 Kings will walk by your light, and nations by your radiance.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek reverses kings and nations within the parallel clauses and lacks the explicit rising. Revelation twenty-one twenty-four similarly depicts nations walking by the city's light and kings bringing their glory [NA28REV21].
Verse 60:4 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:4 Lift your eyes around you and see: they all have gathered and come to you. Your sons will come from far away, and your daughters will be nurtured at the side.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:4 Lift your eyes around you and see your children gathered. Look, all your sons have come from far away, and your daughters will be lifted upon shoulders.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek names the gathered children, presents the sons as already arrived, and carries daughters on shoulders rather than nurturing them at the side. Rashi relates the Hebrew side to the flanks of kings bearing them [RASHI60].
Verse 60:5 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:5 Then you will see and shine; your heart will tremble and grow wide, for the west's abundance will turn toward you, and the nations' wealth will come to you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:5 Then you will see and fear and be astonished in heart, for the wealth of sea, nations, and peoples will turn toward you. There will come to you
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew radiance and an expanding heart become Greek fear and astonishment. West follows Rashi's geographical reading of Hebrew sea [RASHI60]; Greek explicitly has sea and adds peoples. Its final arrival clause continues into six.
Verse 60:6 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:6 A multitude of camels will cover you, young camels from Midian and Ephah. They will all come from Sheba, carrying gold and frankincense and proclaiming YHWH's praises.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:6 herds of camels, and camels from Madiam and Gaipha will cover you. They will all come from Saba, bringing gold and carrying frankincense, and they will proclaim the Lord's salvation as good news.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek lacks the camels' youth and proclaims salvation rather than praises. The regional names reflect each source's forms. Gold, frankincense, and the influx of camels agree.
Verse 60:7 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:7 All Kedar's flocks will gather to you; Nebaioth's rams will serve you. They will ascend with acceptance upon My altar, and I will glorify My glorious house.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:7 All Kedar's sheep will gather to you, and Nabaioth's rams will come to you. They will be offered acceptably upon My altar, and My house of prayer will be glorified.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek coming replaces serving, and house of prayer replaces glorious house. The glorification is passive rather than God's explicit personal action. The accepted offerings agree.
Verse 60:8 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:8 Who are these flying like a cloud and like doves to their openings?
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:8 Who are these flying like clouds and like doves with their young?
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek doves accompany their young rather than fly to their openings or dovecotes. The airborne cloud comparison is shared, with plural clouds in Greek.
Verse 60:9 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:9 For islands will await Me, with Tarshish ships first, bringing your sons from far away, their silver and gold with them, for the name of YHWH your God and for Israel's Holy One, because He has glorified you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:9 Islands waited for Me, and Tharsis ships among the first, to bring your children from far away, with silver and gold, because of the Lord's holy name and because Israel's Holy One is glorious.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew God's glorification of you becomes Greek the Holy One's own glorious condition. Greek calls the name holy and omits your God; children replaces sons. Rashi relates first to the earlier shipping in Solomon's time [RASHI60].
Verse 60:10 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:10 Foreigners will build your walls, and their kings will serve you. For in My wrath I struck you, but in My favor I had compassion on you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:10 Foreigners will build your walls, and their kings will attend you. For because of My anger I struck you, and because of mercy I loved you.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Foreign construction and royal service agree. Greek mercy and love correspond to Hebrew favor and compassion; both contrast the earlier blow with renewed divine favor.
Verse 60:11 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:11 Your gates will stand open continually; day and night they will not be shut, to bring you the nations' wealth and their kings led in procession.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:11 Your gates will be opened continually; day and night they will not be shut, to bring you the nations' resources and kings being led.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Continually open gates, incoming national resources, and led kings agree. Revelation twenty-one twenty-five–twenty-six reuses the open-gate and national-glory imagery, adding that there is no night there [NA28REV21].
Verse 60:12 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:12 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve you will perish; the nations will be utterly laid waste.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:12 For nations and kings who will not serve you will perish, and the nations will be utterly desolated.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek kings replaces Hebrew kingdom and both subjects are plural. Refusal to serve and the announced destruction agree.
Verse 60:13 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:13 Lebanon's glory will come to you: cypress, plane tree, and box tree together, to beautify My sanctuary's place; I will honor the place of My feet.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:13 Lebanon's glory will come to you in cypress, pine, and cedar together, to glorify My holy place.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek changes two tree species and lacks the final Hebrew honoring of the divine foot-place. Hebrew tidhar and teashshur remain botanically uncertain; the renderings match forty-one nineteen. Rashi identifies the list generally as Lebanon's forest trees [RASHI60].
Verse 60:14 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:14 Your oppressors' children will come to you bent low; all who despised you will bow at the soles of your feet. They will call you YHWH's City, Zion of Israel's Holy One.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:14 The sons of those who humbled and provoked you will come to you in fear. You will be called the Lord's City, Zion of Israel's Holy One.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek describes fear and groups humbling and provoking under the sons' parents. It lacks the separate bowing of all despisers at your feet and makes the naming passive. The city's final title agrees.
Verse 60:15 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:15 Instead of being abandoned and hated, with no one passing through, I will make you an everlasting pride, a joy from generation to generation.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:15 Because you became abandoned and hated, with no one helping, I will make you an everlasting exultation, joy for generations upon generations.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek absent helper replaces absent passerby. Pride becomes exultation, while the transformation from rejection into lasting joy agrees.
Verse 60:16 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:16 You will suck the nations' milk and nurse at kings' breasts. You will know that I, YHWH, am your savior and redeemer, Jacob's Mighty One.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:16 You will suck the nations' milk and eat kings' wealth. You will know that I am the Lord who saves and delivers you, Israel's God.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek eating royal wealth replaces nursing at royal breasts; Rashi affirms the Hebrew breast image from its nursing verb [RASHI60]. Israel's God replaces Jacob's Mighty One. Divine rescue and the nations' milk agree.
Verse 60:17 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:17 Instead of bronze I will bring gold, instead of iron silver, instead of wood bronze, and instead of stones iron. I will appoint Peace as your oversight and Righteousness as your taskmasters.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:17 Instead of bronze I will bring you gold, instead of iron silver, instead of wood bronze, and instead of stones iron. I will appoint your rulers in peace and your overseers in righteousness.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: The four material exchanges agree. Hebrew can personify peace and righteousness as the city's administration, while Greek explicitly describes rulers acting in those qualities. Rashi's direct explanation also understands righteous, peaceful officials [RASHI60].
Verse 60:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:18 Violence will no longer be heard in your land, nor plunder and destruction within your borders. You will call your walls Salvation and your gates Praise.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:18 Injustice will no longer be heard in your land, nor destruction and misery within your borders. Your walls will be called Salvation, and your gates Engraving.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek injustice and misery correspond to violence and plunder in a changed order. Its gate-name is Engraving, not Hebrew Praise; the unusual name is retained without emendation. Safe borders and the wall-name Salvation agree.
Verse 60:19 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:19 The sun will no longer be your light by day, nor will the moon illuminate you with its brightness. YHWH will be your everlasting light and your God your splendor.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:19 The sun will not be your light by day, nor will the rising moon light your night. Instead, the Lord will be your everlasting light and God your glory.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Divine light replaces dependence on sun and moon in both. Greek explicitly names moonrise and night. Rashi explains that sunlight will no longer be needed [RASHI60]. Revelation twenty-one twenty-three depicts divine glory illuminating the city and the Lamb as its lamp [NA28REV21].
Verse 60:20 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:20 Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw its light, for YHWH will be your everlasting light, and your days of mourning will be complete.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:20 For your sun will not set, and your moon will not fail. The Lord will be your everlasting light, and your days of mourning will be fulfilled.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Unfailing illumination and completed mourning agree. Hebrew withdrawing its light follows Rashi's explanation of the moon being gathered in [RASHI60].
Verse 60:21 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:21 Your people will all be righteous; they will inherit the land forever, a shoot of His planting, the work of My hands, for displaying glory.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:21 Your people will all be righteous, and they will inherit the land forever, guarding the planting, the works of His hands, for glory.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The righteous people's perpetual inheritance agrees. Greek guarding replaces Hebrew shoot, and His hands replaces My hands. Hebrew His planting follows the written suffix visible in the publisher's text; My planting is the read form displayed in the Masoretic text on the checked Rashi page, where Rashi's own comment concerns only the closing verb [RASHI60]; the written and read forms are recorded by Minchat Shai [MINSHAI60]. Greek guarding has a singular subject that can be understood collectively of the people; its attachment is uncertain.
Verse 60:22 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
60:22 The smallest will become a thousand, and the least a mighty nation. I, YHWH, will hasten it in its time.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
60:22 The fewest will become thousands, and the least a great nation. I, the Lord, will gather them at the proper time.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek thousands is plural and gathering them replaces hastening it. Rashi distinguishes hastened fulfillment for the worthy from fulfillment at its appointed time; this interpretation is noted without inserting its condition into the Hebrew wording [RASHI60].