Jeremiah 23 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 23:6, 23:23, 23:27, 23:33
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 23
Jeremiah 23
Hebrew source: BHS23 • chapter 23
Greek source: LXX23 • chapter 23
Verse 23:1 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:1] Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the flock of My pasture!—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:1] O shepherds who scatter and destroy the sheep of My pasture!
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek reverses the actions and lacks the declaration formula.
Verse 23:2 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:2] Therefore thus says YHWH, Israel's God, concerning the shepherds tending My people: You scattered My flock and drove them away without attending to them. Look, I am attending to you for the evil of your deeds—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:2] Therefore thus says the Lord to those shepherding My people: You scattered My sheep and drove them out without visiting them. Look, I am exacting justice from you according to your evil practices.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks Israel's God and the final formula. Hebrew repeats paqad for neglected care and judicial visitation; Greek changes from visiting to exacting justice.
Verse 23:3 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:3] I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock from all the lands where I drove them and bring them back to their pasture; they will be fruitful and multiply.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:3] And I will receive the remnant of My people from all the land where I drove them out, and establish them in their pasture; they will increase and multiply.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek receives people where Hebrew gathers flock; both explicitly retain divine agency in the earlier dispersal.
Verse 23:4 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:4] I will raise shepherds over them who will tend them. They will no longer fear or be dismayed, and none will be missing—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:4] And I will raise shepherds for them who will tend them, and they will no longer fear or be frightened, says the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks none will be missing.
Verse 23:5 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:5] Look, days are coming—YHWH's declaration—when I will raise up a righteous shoot for David. A king will reign and act wisely, doing justice and righteousness in the land.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:5] Look, days are coming, says the Lord, and I will raise up a righteous rising for David. A king will reign and understand, doing judgment and righteousness upon the earth.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Hebrew tsemach is a growing shoot; Greek anatole can denote rising or a plant's sprouting. Rising preserves the Greek's broader image; identifying the king belongs to reception, not an added name in translation.
Verse 23:6 Disparate
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:6] In his days Judah will be saved and Israel will dwell securely. This is his name by which he will be called: YHWH Is Our Righteousness.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:6] In his days Judah will be saved and Israel will dwell confidently. This is his name, which the Lord will call him: Josedek.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Greek makes the Lord the naming subject and gives the name Josedek; Hebrew is construed with the name YHWH Is Our Righteousness. Hebrew's naming syntax permits discussion, but the distinct Greek syntax and untranslated proper name are explicit.
Verse 23:7 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:7] Therefore look, days are coming—YHWH's declaration—when they will no longer say, As YHWH lives, who brought Israel's children up from Egypt's land,
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:7] Therefore look, days are coming, says the Lord, and they will no longer say, As the Lord lives, who brought Israel's house up from Egypt's land,
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: The Greek publisher places 23:7–8 after 23:40, while retaining these labels. It is aligned here for comparison with an explicit order notice; Greek house differs from Hebrew children.
Verse 23:8 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:8] but, As YHWH lives, who brought up and brought in the offspring of Israel's house from the northern land and all the lands where I drove them. They will dwell upon their own soil.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:8] but, As the Lord lives, who gathered all Israel's offspring from the northern land and all the countries where He drove them out, and restored them to their land.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek follows 23:40 in source order. Its gathering and completed restoration differ from Hebrew bringing up/in and future dwelling; Hebrew I shifts into the divine speaker while Greek keeps He.
Verse 23:9 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:9] Concerning the prophets: My heart is broken within me; all my bones tremble. I have become like a drunken man, like a man overcome by wine, because of YHWH and His holy words.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:9] Among the prophets my heart was shattered; within me all my bones were shaken. I became like a shattered man, like a person gripped by wine, before the Lord and the splendor of His glory.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek among the prophets, shattered man, and glorious splendor differ from Hebrew heading-like concerning the prophets, drunken man, and holy words.
Verse 23:10 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:10] For the land is full of adulterers; because of the curse the land mourns and the wilderness pastures dry up. Their course is evil and their might is not right.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:10] Because of these things the land mourned and the wilderness pastures dried up. Their course became evil, and their strength was not so.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks the opening adulterers clause and the explicit curse; its final not so is retained without supplying Hebrew right.
Verse 23:11 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:11] For both prophet and priest are profane; even in My house I found their evil—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:11] Because priest and prophet were defiled, and in My house I saw their evils.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks the declaration formula and uses defilement and seeing instead of profaneness and finding.
Verse 23:12 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:12] Therefore their way will be like slippery places in darkness; they will be driven and fall in it. For I will bring disaster upon them in their year of visitation—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:12] Therefore let their way become a slippery place for them in darkness, and they will be tripped and fall in it, because I will bring evils upon them in their year of visitation, says the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek begins as a jussive and describes tripping rather than being driven.
Verse 23:13 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:13] Among Samaria's prophets I saw folly: they prophesied by Baal and led My people Israel astray.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:13] And among Samaria's prophets I saw lawless acts: they prophesied through Baal and led My people Israel astray.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek lawless acts differs from Hebrew folly or offensive absurdity.
Verse 23:14 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:14] Among Jerusalem's prophets I saw a horrifying thing: adultery and walking in falsehood. They strengthened evildoers' hands so that no one turned from his evil. They all became like Sodom to Me, and her inhabitants like Gomorrah.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:14] And among Jerusalem's prophets I have seen horrifying things: committing adultery, walking in lies, and supporting evil hands so that no one turns from his evil way. They all became like Sodom to Me, and her inhabitants like Gomorrah.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek verbal actions broadly correspond to Hebrew's nominal and finite expressions; the city comparisons remain explicit.
Verse 23:15 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:15] Therefore thus says YHWH of hosts concerning the prophets: Look, I will feed them wormwood and give them poisoned water to drink, for from Jerusalem's prophets profaneness has gone out into all the land.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:15] Therefore thus says the Lord: Look, I will feed them pain and give them bitter water to drink, because from Jerusalem's prophets defilement went out into all the land.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek pain and bitter water differ from Hebrew wormwood and poison; Greek lacks of hosts and concerning the prophets.
Verse 23:16 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:16] Thus says YHWH of hosts: Do not listen to the words of the prophets prophesying to you. They fill you with emptiness; they speak a vision of their own heart, not from YHWH's mouth.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:16] Thus says the Lord Almighty: Do not listen to the prophets' words, because they make a vision futile for themselves. They speak from their own heart and not from the Lord's mouth.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek makes a vision futile for themselves rather than making you empty or deluding you; its awkward reflexive and object are retained without importing Hebrew syntax.
Verse 23:17 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:17] They keep saying to those who despise Me, YHWH has spoken: You will have peace. To everyone walking in his heart's stubbornness they say, No disaster will come upon you.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:17] They say to those rejecting the Lord's word, You will have peace. To all who walk according to their own wishes, to everyone walking in the wandering of his heart, they said, No evils will come upon you.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek object of rejection is the Lord's word, rather than Hebrew Me followed by the claimed speech formula; Greek adds the own-wishes clause.
Verse 23:18 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:18] For who stood in YHWH's council and saw and heard His word? Who attended to His word and heard?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:18] Because who stood in the Lord's standing place and saw His word? Who gave ear and heard?
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek hypostema is provisionally standing place, corresponding to Hebrew secret council but not translated as that noun automatically. Greek lacks heard in the first question and the word object in the second; the Hebrew displayed suffix at the second word is orthographically unusual and requires further review.
Verse 23:19 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:19] Look, YHWH's storm has gone out in fury, a whirling tempest; it whirls upon the wicked's heads.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:19] Look, a shaking comes from the Lord, and anger goes out into a convulsion; swirling, it will come upon the ungodly.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek seismos and susseismos describe shaking or convulsion rather than Hebrew tempest; Greek lacks the heads image.
Verse 23:20 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:20] YHWH's anger will not turn back until He has done and established His heart's purposes. In the latter days you will understand it clearly.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:20] And the Lord's fury will no longer turn back until He does it and raises it up from His heart's undertaking. At the end of the days they will understand these things.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek uses an unspecified it and third-person they, where Hebrew has purposes and addresses you; the Greek from relation remains provisional.
Verse 23:21 Same
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:21] I did not send the prophets, yet they ran; I did not speak to them, yet they prophesied.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:21] I was not sending the prophets, yet they ran; I did not speak to them, yet they prophesied.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both deny the prophets' commission and message source.
Verse 23:22 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:22] If they had stood in My council, they would have made My people hear My words and turned them from their evil way and the evil of their deeds.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:22] And if they had stood in My standing presence and listened to My words, they would have turned My people from their evil practices.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek hearing belongs to the prophets, whereas Hebrew has their making the people hear. Greek hypostasis differs in form from hypostema at 23:18; standing presence is provisional, without importing later doctrinal meanings.
Verse 23:23 Disparate
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:23] Am I a God nearby—YHWH's declaration—and not a God far away?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:23] I am a God drawing near, says the Lord, and not a God far away.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Hebrew explicitly opens with an interrogative; the declared Greek main text prints a statement with no interrogative marker. Greek can be punctuated as a rhetorical question interpretively, but this draft preserves the printed statement and flags the resulting contrast with Hebrew and 23:24.
Verse 23:24 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:24] Can anyone hide in hiding places so that I do not see him?—YHWH's declaration. Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:24] If a person hides in hidden places, will I not see him? Do I not fill the heaven and the earth? says the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek has one declaration formula rather than two; both deny escape from divine sight and presence.
Verse 23:25 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:25] I heard what the prophets said who prophesy falsely in My name: I dreamed! I dreamed!
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:25] I heard what the prophets speak, the false things they prophesy in My name, saying, I dreamed a dream.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek uses a verb with cognate dream noun instead of Hebrew's repeated verb.
Verse 23:26 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:26] How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy falsehood, prophets of their own heart's deceit?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:26] How long will it be in the heart of the prophets prophesying false things, and in their prophesying the wishes of their own heart?
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Both constructions are difficult; this is supplied in Hebrew and it in Greek to complete English. Greek wishes differs from Hebrew deceit.
Verse 23:27 Disparate
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:27] They plan to make My people forget My name through the dreams each tells his fellow, as their fathers forgot My name through Baal.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:27] They plan to forget My law through their dreams, which each told his neighbor, just as their fathers forgot My name through Baal.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Greek has forgetting My law with no explicit people object, rather than causing My people to forget My name. Its subject remains the prophets; the following ancestral name clause is shared.
Verse 23:28 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:28] Let the prophet who has a dream tell a dream, but let the one who has My word speak My word faithfully. What has straw to do with grain?—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:28] Let the prophet in whom there is a dream tell his dream, and the one to whom My word comes tell My word in truth. What has chaff to do with wheat? So are My words, says the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek adds so are My words before the next verse. Straw/chaff and grain/wheat preserve the respective plant terms without treating the two kinds of speech as equivalent.
Verse 23:29 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:29] Is not My word like fire—YHWH's declaration—and like a hammer shattering rock?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:29] Are not My words like blazing fire, says the Lord, and like an axe cutting rock?
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek axe differs from Hebrew hammer, and Greek words is plural.
Verse 23:30 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:30] Therefore look, I am against the prophets—YHWH's declaration—who steal My words, each from his fellow.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:30] Therefore look, I am against the prophets, says the Lord God, who steal My words, each from his neighbor.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek adds God to the formula.
Verse 23:31 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:31] Look, I am against the prophets—YHWH's declaration—who take their own tongue and declare a declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:31] Look, I am against the prophets who cast out prophecies of the tongue and doze their own dozing.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek's striking dozing phrase differs from Hebrew declaration wordplay. The Greek is not replaced by a claimed divine-speech formula; Hebrew suggests manufactured oracular authority through its cognate terms.
Verse 23:32 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:32] Look, I am against those prophesying false dreams—YHWH's declaration—who tell them and lead My people astray by their lies and recklessness. I did not send or command them, and they bring this people no benefit at all—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:32] Look, I am against the prophets who prophesy false dreams, who told them and led My people astray by their lies and wanderings. I did not send or command them, and they will bring this people no benefit at all.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks both declaration formulas and has wanderings rather than Hebrew recklessness.
Verse 23:33 Disparate
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:33] When this people, a prophet, or a priest asks you, What is YHWH's burden? say to them, What burden? I will abandon you—YHWH's declaration.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:33] And if this people, a priest, or a prophet asks you, What is the Lord's burden? say to them, You are the burden, and I will dash you down, says the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Hebrew displayed consonants are construed What burden?, with the extra object marker treated as difficult; Greek explicitly You are the burden differs. Burden carries the oracle/load wordplay in Hebrew massa and Greek lemma. No unexamined Hebrew variant is claimed.
Verse 23:34 Similar
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:34] As for the prophet, priest, or people who say, YHWH's burden, I will visit that person and his household.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:34] And the prophet, priest, or people who say, The Lord's burden—I will exact justice from that person and his household.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek makes the punitive force of visitation explicit.
Verse 23:35 Same
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:35] Say this, each to his fellow and his brother: What has YHWH answered? What has YHWH spoken?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:35] Because say this, each to his neighbor and his brother: What did the Lord answer? What did the Lord speak?
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both prescribe alternative questions about divine speech.
Verse 23:36 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:36] Do not mention YHWH's burden again, for each person's own word will be his burden. You have overturned the words of the living God, YHWH of hosts, our God.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:36] And do not name the Lord's burden again, because a person's own word will be his burden.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks the entire overturned-words clause and its divine titles.
Verse 23:37 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:37] Say this to the prophet: What has YHWH answered you? What has YHWH spoken?
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:37] And why did the Lord our God speak?
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek has a brief why-question and our God, lacking Hebrew's instruction and first question. It is not expanded from the parallel wording of 23:35.
Verse 23:38 Divergent
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:38] But if you say, YHWH's burden, therefore thus says YHWH: Because you said this word, YHWH's burden, though I sent to you saying, Do not say YHWH's burden,
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:38] Therefore thus says the Lord God: Because you said this word, The Lord's burden, though I sent to you saying, Do not say The Lord's burden,
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks the opening conditional repetition and adds God to the formula.
Verse 23:39 Different
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:39] therefore look, I will utterly forget you and abandon you and the city I gave to you and your fathers, away from My presence.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:39] therefore look, I take and dash down you and the city I gave to you and your fathers,
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew forget is a provisional reading of the displayed verb; its accompanying infinitive naso is irregular relative to that root and may support a lifting wordplay. Greek explicitly takes and dashes down, lacking from My presence. The difficulty is not concealed by an unmarked emendation.
Verse 23:40 Same
Hebrew–English Rabbinic Priority
[23:40] I will put everlasting reproach and everlasting disgrace upon you, which will not be forgotten.
Greek–English Saints Priority
[23:40] and I will put eternal reproach and eternal dishonor upon you, which will not be forgotten.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The Greek source continues after this verse with its displayed 23:7–8, already aligned and translated above; no text is omitted or duplicated.