Jeremiah — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation: Jeremiah 1–52 [V1] · Saints Translation

Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.

Source guide and review record

SAINTS TRANSLATION — JEREMIAH

Saints Translation V1 • Sep 8, 2026

Reader’s guide

Complete working translation draft, V1: all fifty-two chapters independently authored in English from actually read Hebrew BHS and Greek Rahlfs–Hanhart publisher running texts, with explicit crosswalk, additions, absences, and difficult readings. Selective Rashi, Justin, and Irenaeus reception is attributed separately. Bounded two-agent reviews are identified; full-book independent human scholarly review and critical-apparatus collation remain outstanding.

The comparison follows the selected BHS Hebrew chapter/verse sequence, with each Greek source reference shown separately. Greek Jeremiah has a different order and a shorter running text; absent passages remain marked rather than being supplied from Hebrew. Beginning at Hebrew25, the nations oracles and later narratives require the explicit crosswalk in the decisions and row notes. The selected BHS verse division at8:23 and throughout9 and31 differs from common English and the cited Chabad chapter31 numbering; citations specify the relevant system. Familiar corresponding names are used only where identity is clear. The column subtitles identify requested reception priorities; reception is selective and attributed, not an assertion that every line has been checked against a complete rabbinic or patristic commentary.

The table follows each source independently. Hebrew references use BHS numbering; Greek references identify the selected Rahlfs–Hanhart text. Editorial absence notices identify untranslated gaps. Notes retain uncertainty and distinguish textual comparison from attributed reception.

Comparison categories

Same — Corresponding meaning and content. Rows: 122.

Similar — Close correspondence with a modest difference in expression or emphasis. Rows: 231.

Different — A meaningful difference in a particular detail. Rows: 527.

Divergent — Added, absent, or rearranged material. Rows: 377.

Disparate — A major difference in meaning or consequence; strict contradiction is not required. Rows: 107.

Coverage and review

1,364 Hebrew verse labels; 1,299 unique Greek source labels; 1,364 comparison rows. No duplicated source references. All Hebrew chapter sequences are complete. Counts describe recorded labels and aligned rows, not a critical-apparatus collation.

Root independently authored chapters1–51 from actual ancient running texts; second agent authored52, then root read all52 source text and every row.

All Hebrew/Greek chapters32–34 compared by second agent; refinements applied.

All Hebrew/Greek chapters46–48 compared by second agent; targeted lexical evidence and corrections applied.

Chapter52 independently drafted and read by two agents.

Selective directly read sources only, in stated language/presentation.

Remaining review: Full-book independent human Hebrew/Greek scholarly review, broad reception review, and critical-apparatus collation.

Sources, Method & Decisions

Source register

All source entries below were accessed on the edition date shown at the beginning. Each entry states what was actually read; a linked edition does not imply access to its critical apparatus.

[BHS1] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 1, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX1] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 1, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS2] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 2, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX2] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 2, complete displayed chapter; Greek begins at 2:2 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS3] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 3, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX3] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 3, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS4] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 4, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX4] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 4, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS5] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 5, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX5] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 5, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS6] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 6, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX6] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 6, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[MM6] Mechon-Mamre, Jeremiah 6 pointed Hebrew text

Scope: Direct Hebrew comparison, especially written/read forms 6:25,29; accompanying English not used as a translation base.

[BHS7] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 7, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX7] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 7, complete displayed chapter; Greek begins at 7:2 and combines 7:27–28 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS8] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 8:1–23, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX8] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 8:1–23, complete displayed chapter; Greek lacks 8:11–12 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS9] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 9:1–25, complete chapter; corresponding common English 9:2–26 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX9] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 9:1–25, complete chapter; corresponding common English 9:2–26 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS10] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 10, complete chapter, including Aramaic 10:11 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX10] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 10, complete displayed chapter; Greek lacks 10:6–8,10 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS11] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 11, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX11] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 11, complete displayed chapter via publisher search-cache text; Greek lacks 11:7 and most of 11:8 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS12] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 12, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX12] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 12, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS13] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 13, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX13] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 13, complete displayed chapter via publisher search-cache text Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS14] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 14, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX14] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 14, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS15] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 15, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX15] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 15, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS16] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 16, complete chapter; opening clause boundaries differ Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX16] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 16, complete chapter; opening clause boundaries differ Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS17] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 17, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX17] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 17, complete displayed chapter; Greek begins at 17:5 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS18] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 18, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX18] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 18, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS19] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 19, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX19] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 19, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS20] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 20, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX20] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 20, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS21] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 21, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX21] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 21, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS22] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 22, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX22] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 22, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS23] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 23, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX23] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 23, complete chapter; Greek source order 1–6, 9–40, 7–8, aligned to Hebrew order with explicit notices Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS24] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 24, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX24] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 24, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS25] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 25, complete chapter Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX25] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Greek Jeremiah 25, complete chapter directly read; 1–13 translated here, 14–20 reserved for Hebrew 49:34–39 alignment Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX32] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Greek Jeremiah 32, all displayed labels 13 and 15–38; translated in Hebrew chapter 25 alignment Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS26] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 26, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 26 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX33] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 33, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 26 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS27] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 27, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 27 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX34] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 34, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 27; Greek displayed labels 2–6, 8–12, 14–16, 18–20, 22 only Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS28] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 28, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 28 Access: Direct ancient-language publisher main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX35] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 35, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 28 Access: Direct ancient-language publisher main text; complete publisher page returned via public exact-URL search cache; no critical apparatus.

[BHS29] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 29, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 29 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX36] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 36, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 29; Greek labels 16–20 absent Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS30] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 30, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 30 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX37] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 37, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 30; Greek labels 10,11,15,22 absent; Hebrew 30:15-related clause inside Greek 37:16 translated there Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS31] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 31, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 31; read forms at31:21,38,39,40 separately verified in Chabad Hebrew display Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX38] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Jeremiah 38, complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew chapter 31; Greek38:35 corresponds Hebrew31:37, Greek38:36–37 corresponds Hebrew31:35–36 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[Rashi31] Rashi on Jeremiah 31, Chabad Hebrew commentary and editorial Hebrew read/written display

Scope: Chabad31:4,14,20–21,36 reception (corresponding draft31:5,15,21–22,37); Hebrew read/written forms Chabad31:20,37–39 (draft31:21,38–40). Chabad chapter numbering is one verse lower than BHS publisher in this chapter. Access: Directly read primary Hebrew commentary and Hebrew text display; no claim to independent reading of works Rashi cites.

[BHS32] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew Jeremiah 32 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX39] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew Jeremiah 32 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS33] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew33:1–26 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX40] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek40:1–13, aligned to Hebrew33:1–13; chapter ends there, Hebrew33:14–26 absent. English-route unnumbered text also read. Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS34] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew34:1–22 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX41] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek41:1–22; unnumbered page read first, then exact-URL search returned full numbered text; aligned to Hebrew34 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS35] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, including follow-up reading of final verses; aligned to Hebrew35 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX42] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, including follow-up reading of final verses; aligned to Hebrew35 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS36] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter; Greek continuation separately read; aligned to Hebrew36 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX43] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter; Greek continuation separately read; aligned to Hebrew36 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS37] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew37 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX44] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete source chapter, aligned to Hebrew37 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS38] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete chapter; unnumbered page first, exact-URL search then returned full numbered text; second capture clause retained at38:28 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX45] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete chapter including separately read continuation, aligned to Hebrew38 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS39] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew39:1–18 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX46] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek46:1–3,14–18; verses4–13 absent from selected text; aligned to Hebrew39 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS40] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew40:1–16 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX47] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek47:1–16 aligned to Hebrew40 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS41] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew41:1–18 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX48] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek48:1–18 aligned to Hebrew41 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS42] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew42:1–22 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX49] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek49:1–22 aligned to Hebrew42 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS43] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew43:1–13, retrieved through the exact indexed publisher result after direct access failed Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX50] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek50:1–13 aligned to Hebrew43 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS44] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew44:1–30 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX51] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek51:1–35 actually read;1–30 aligned to Hebrew44 and31–35 to Hebrew45 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS45] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew45:1–5 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS46] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew46:1–28 Access: Ancient-language main text or explicitly scoped lexical entry; no critical apparatus.

[LXX26] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek26:2–25,27–28;26:1 and26 absent; aligned to Hebrew46 Access: Ancient-language main text or explicitly scoped lexical entry; no critical apparatus.

[LSJ-apospasma] LSJ, apospasma, Scaife ATLAS

Scope: Actually read detached-portion/branch/division senses; general lexical support for provisional46:20, not a direct Jeremiah citation Access: Ancient-language main text or explicitly scoped lexical entry; no critical apparatus.

[BHS47] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew47:1–7 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX29] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek29:1–7 aligned to Hebrew47 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS48] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew48:1–47 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX31] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek31:1–44; Hebrew48:45–47 absent; aligned to Hebrew48 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS49] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew49:1–39; English-locale source also read1–33 before timeout, German-locale text read in full Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX30] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek30:1–21,23–33;verse22 absent. Edom1–16,Ammon17–21,Kedar23–28,Damascus29–33 aligned to Hebrew49 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS50] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew50:1–46 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX27] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek27:1–46 aligned to Hebrew50 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[BHS51] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew51:1–64 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX28] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek28:1–44,49–64;45–48 absent; aligned to Hebrew51 Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[Mounce-ekdikeo] Mounce-ekdikeo

Scope: Actually read complete definition and six concordance examples; general lexical evidence, not direct Jeremiah interpretation. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[Pietersma-epicheiron] Albert Pietersma, Epicheiron in Greek Jeremiah, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 28/2 (2002), 101–108

Scope: Actually read author-uploaded indexed article text, including all argument sections and conclusion; final bibliography only partially displayed. Direct scholarly argument about G31:25 and G34:4; cited ancient sources and Origen critical edition not independently collated. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[LSJ-epicheiron] LSJ-epicheiron

Scope: Actually read complete LSJ entry reproduced by Berlin-Brandenburg Academy CLD, including arm sense citing Jeremiah and pay/reward/punishment senses. Bailly/Pape also visible, but recommendation does not rely on them. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[LSJ-synepso] LSJ-synepso

Scope: Actually read complete LSJ senses: boiling together, coction/digestion, fermentation, passive boiling/smelting. General lexical support, not a direct Jeremiah citation. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[BDB-tsits] BDB-tsits

Scope: Actually read reproduced Brown–Driver–Briggs II tsits entry on Jeremiah 48:9; meaning uncertain, traditional wings and proposed alternative readings discussed. Site topical commentary and automated-looking lexical summary not relied upon. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[BDB-natsa] BDB-natsa

Scope: Actually read reproduced BDB natsa entry on Jeremiah 48:9, explicitly doubtful reading/analysis and textual alternatives. Site topical commentary and lexical summary not relied upon. Access: Directly read by independent reviewing agent, as specifically scoped; no critical apparatus.

[Justin11] Saint Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho11 and19, Ante-Nicene Fathers English presentation

Scope: Actually read chapters11 and19: new covenant/Christ interpretation and living fountain/broken cisterns in the baptism/circumcision argument. Other displayed chapters not comprehensively evaluated. No direct Greek patristic critical edition consulted. Access: Direct primary-author work in identified historical English translation; selective reception, not a Bible translation base.

[IrenaeusIV17] Saint Irenaeus, Against HeresiesIV.17, Ante-Nicene Fathers English presentation

Scope: Actually read IV.17.1–6, with notes confined to Jeremiah6:20,7:23,11:15 and the stated obedience/sacrifice argument. The original-language critical edition and manuscript variants were not consulted. Access: Direct primary-author work in identified historical English translation; selective reception, not a Bible translation base.

[BHS52] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Hebrew 52:1–34 actually read before independent translation Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LXX52] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text

Scope: Complete Greek 52:1,4–14,16–27,31–34 actually read before independent translation; 28 labels; verses 2,3,15,28,29,30 absent Access: Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus.

[LSJ-tetrapedos] LSJ, tetrapedos, Scaife ATLAS

Scope: Actually read complete squared/four-surfaces and four-feet senses; general lexical support for 52:4, no direct Jeremiah citation Access: Direct lexical entry.

[LSJ-hypochyter] LSJ, hypochyter, Scaife ATLAS

Scope: Actually read complete entry for an oil-pouring vessel, explicitly citing Jeremiah 52:19 Access: Direct lexical entry.

[LSJ-geison] LSJ, geison, Scaife ATLAS

Scope: Actually read complete cornice/coping senses after reading the related geisos entry; general lexical support for 52:22, not a direct Jeremiah citation Access: Direct lexical entry.

Numbering and coverage

The comparison follows the selected BHS Hebrew chapter/verse sequence, with each Greek source reference shown separately. Greek Jeremiah has a different order and a shorter running text; absent passages remain marked rather than being supplied from Hebrew. Beginning at Hebrew25, the nations oracles and later narratives require the explicit crosswalk in the decisions and row notes. The selected BHS verse division at8:23 and throughout9 and31 differs from common English and the cited Chabad chapter31 numbering; citations specify the relevant system. Familiar corresponding names are used only where identity is clear. The column subtitles identify requested reception priorities; reception is selective and attributed, not an assertion that every line has been checked against a complete rabbinic or patristic commentary.

Structural reconciliation of all recorded source labels; clause-level translation is based on the actually read running texts. This is not critical-apparatus or manuscript collation.

Hebrew rows with no corresponding Greek passage: 2:1; 7:1; 7:27; 8:11; 8:12; 10:6; 10:7; 10:8; 10:10; 11:7; 17:1; 17:2; 17:3; 17:4; 25:14; 27:1; 27:7; 27:13; 27:17; 27:21; 29:16; 29:17; 29:18; 29:19; 29:20; 30:10; 30:11; 30:15; 30:22; 33:14; 33:15; 33:16; 33:17; 33:18; 33:19; 33:20; 33:21; 33:22; 33:23; 33:24; 33:25; 33:26; 39:4; 39:5; 39:6; 39:7; 39:8; 39:9; 39:10; 39:11; 39:12; 39:13; 46:1; 46:26; 48:45; 48:46; 48:47; 49:6; 51:45; 51:46; 51:47; 51:48; 52:2; 52:3; 52:15; 52:28; 52:29; 52:30.

Contextual terms

יהוה / κύριος — YHWH / Lord. Preserve the respective divine designation. Hebrew of hosts and Greek Almighty or its absence are retained as actually displayed; clear divine pronouns are capitalized.

ברית / διαθήκη — covenant. New covenant at31:31 remains in each source’s own wording; later Christian reception is separately attributed.

תורה / νόμος — instruction or law / law. Render by local context, with explicit Hebrew singular instruction versus Greek plural laws at31:33 rather than harmonization.

עבד / δοῦλος / παῖς — slave or servant according to context. Court service, political subjection, and forced enslavement are distinguished where the context permits. Greek doulos/pais variation does not by itself establish a difference in historical legal status.

נפש / ψυχή — life, person, self, or soul according to context. Escape or threatened death normally concerns life; the theological meaning soul is not automatically inserted into every occurrence.

בעל / Βααλ; בל / Βηλ — Baal; Bel. The actual divine names remain visible. In51:44 Greek Babylon replaces Hebrew Bel in Babylon; this substantive change is not normalized.

Leb-qamai / Sheshach — Leb-qamai / Sheshach. Retain the Hebrew expressions even where Greek names Chaldeans or omits the name; no unverified cryptographic explanation is asserted as lexical meaning.

ἐπίχειρον — effort, provisionally, at Greek31:25. The independent reviewer actually checked LSJ, which offers arm for this verse, and Pietersma’s focused argument for effort/endeavor. The competing readings remain explicit.

תנין / δράκων — dragon. Retain the ancient devouring-creature image in51:34 without asserting a modern animal identification; Hebrew tannim at51:37 is separately jackals.

cubit, shekel, ancient vessels and military equipment — ancient units and qualified functional names. No modern measurements are substituted. Difficult weapons, garments, botanical terms, and offices are explicitly provisional in their rows.

rab-tabbahim / archimageiros — captain of the guard / chief guard. Continues Jeremiah master's contextual office rendering; Greek literal chief cook/slaughterer is disclosed.

saphphoth; masmaroth — saphphoth; masmaroth. Actual Greek transcriptions in 52:19; their utensils are not identified from the Hebrew column.

geisos — cornice. Related to geison, cornice/coping. The precise length/projection syntax at 52:22 remains provisional.

Ioakim / Jehoiachin — Ioakim in Greek; Jehoiachin in Hebrew. Preserves the actual name difference in 52:31 without asserting two separately identified captives.

Material decisions

Translation basis and review limits

Both English columns were independently authored from actually read ancient-language publisher running texts: BHS fifth corrected edition1997 and Rahlfs–Hanhart2006. No modern English Bible was used as the translation base. No critical apparatus, manuscript collection, or complete scholarly commentary was collated. Qualified human Hebrew/Greek review remains outstanding.

Comparison classifications

Same marks no substantive difference; Similar marks close correspondence with minor lexical or grammatical variation; Different marks a distinct detail; Divergent marks additions, absences, or rearrangement; Disparate marks a major semantic contrast. Each row receives one editorial category for its most material feature. These are comparison judgments, not manuscript-family diagnoses or claims about original readings.

Reception discipline

Rashi’s directly read Hebrew commentary is selectively recorded, with the Chabad/BHS numbering shift stated. Justin and Irenaeus are consulted in identified English presentations. Their interpretations are attributed and kept out of the base translations. Works quoted by Rashi or modern scholars have not thereby been independently read; no comprehensive tradition-wide coverage is claimed.

Difficult running-text forms

The publisher sometimes displays combined written/read forms or grammatically difficult clauses. Explicitly verified written/read distinctions are identified as such; unresolved displays and syntax are marked provisional without silent emendation. A smooth sentence is not treated as proof of an uncertain ancient reading.

Major Greek order shift at Hebrew chapter 25

Hebrew25:1–12 aligns Greek25:1–12; Hebrew25:13 includes Greek25:13 and the separate Greek32:13 heading; Hebrew25:14 has no counterpart; Hebrew25:15–38 aligns Greek32:15–38. Greek25:14–20 is fully translated once with the Elam oracle at Hebrew49:34–39: both Greek opening and closing headings are placed in the Hebrew49:34 comparison row and identified separately.

Independent review of chapters32–34

A second agent actually read all six Hebrew/Greek chapters and compared all92 Hebrew/79 Greek labels with draft rows. Applied corrections to34:7 and34:21, and expanded the unresolved infinitive note at33:6. This bounded review is not a full-book independent or human review.

Greek nations-oracle crosswalk verified through Hebrew49

Hebrew46=Greek26 except absent1/26;47=Greek29;48=Greek31 with absent45–47;49:1–5=Greek30:17–21,49:6 absent,49:7–22=Greek30:1–16,49:23–27=Greek30:29–33,49:28–33=Greek30:23–28. Hebrew49:34 aligns both Greek25:14 and25:20 headings;49:35–39=Greek25:15–19. The Greek closing chronological heading is moved into the Hebrew heading row explicitly for comparison and translated once.

Independent review of chapters46–48

A second agent read all six ancient-language chapters and reconciled82 Hebrew and77 Greek verse labels. The master incorporates small source-coverage corrections at47:4,48:24,48:37 and a provisional effort rendering with competing lexical interpretations at48:25. The reviewer checked the listed dictionaries and a focused scholarly article. This bounded review is not independent certification of the whole book. A secondary NETS comparison was consulted only after ancient-text reading, not used as the translation base; its edition differs from the selected Rahlfs–Hanhart text.

Later narrative and final Babylon crosswalk

Hebrew26–44 generally corresponds to Greek33–51, with the recorded gaps and local reorderings:26=33,27=34,28=35,29=36,30=37,31=38,32=39,33=40,34=41,35=42,36=43,37=44,38=45,39=46,40=47,41=48,42=49,43=50,44=51:1–30. Hebrew45=Greek51:31–35. Hebrew50=Greek27 and51=Greek28; Greek28 lacks45–48 and several further clauses, all explicitly marked.

Chapter52 independent drafting and second-agent read-through

A second agent independently read and translated all34 Hebrew and28 Greek labels in chapter52. The lead agent then read both complete ancient-language publisher chapters and every draft row, including the difficult vessel and architectural clauses. The provisional notes were retained. Greek lacks2,3,15,28–30. This is a bounded two-agent review, not human certification.

Open questions

Qualified independent human Hebrew/Greek review, full-book second-reader review, critical-apparatus collation, and comprehensive reception research remain outstanding. Only the specifically recorded second-agent chapter reviews have been completed.

The notes mark unresolved forms and provisional constructions throughout the book. The list below selects major cases; it does not supersede or silently resolve the other row-level cautions.

Recheck displayed written/read forms, especially2:20,6:25/29,15:11,17:19,18:16,31:21/38–40, and51:3/34 against a fully accessible critical edition. Distinguish actually verified qere/ketiv from provisional readings of flattened publisher displays.

Greek31:31–34 (source38:31–34) differs in covenant-breaking response and instruction/laws. The Hebrew and Greek meanings must remain independent of later Hebrews or patristic quotation wording.

Greek33:6 (source40:6) leaves the listening infinitive’s subject unresolved; source41:21 preserves a difficult nominal clause about Babylon’s force and those running away.

Hebrew38:28’s final capture-day clause and Greek source divisions require explicit cross-boundary alignment; no clause should be duplicated when consulting common English verse numbering.

Greek26:25, aligned46:25, provisionally takes Amon her son as the person avenged upon Pharaoh. Punitive construal remains possible; no apparatus or underlying Hebrew reconstruction settles it here.

Hebrew48:9 wings/fly is traditional but lexically doubtful. Greek31:25 effort versus arm/recompense and31:30 works/sufficiency remain genuinely disputed. Greek31:33 retains the selected edition’s boiling image, wine was, and morning/evening.

Hebrew49:19/50:44 and their Greek young-men/pasture constructions require further lexical and syntactic review; the differing agency is retained. Greek50:12 and related feminine descriptors remain qualified.

Hebrew51:3’s initial commands are provisionally negative against Greek positive attack/arming. Hebrew51:5’s land referent and causal connection are uncertain; Greek plural holy ones is not harmonized to Hebrew singular Holy One.

Hebrew51:11 shlatim is provisionally quivers;51:13 measure of gain,51:27 military officer,51:34 first-person suffix display,51:49 compressed retribution syntax, and51:59 officer of rest need specialist review.

Greek28:13 inward parts,28:19 inheritance,28:20 scatter/in/from you,28:32 gatherings,28:56 terrified bow, and28:58 negative labor-in-vain clause are retained as displayed, with unresolved local syntax made visible.

52:15 ha-amon: craftsmen versus multitude; the chapter draft keeps craftsmen provisionally.

52:18–19 exact vessel identifications, especially Greek rim, saphphoth, and masmaroth.

52:20 Hebrew oxen beneath stands is preserved as displayed; architecture not reconstructed.

52:22 Greek five-cubit length/projection construction and the disposition of added pomegranates require specialist architectural and lexical review.

52:23 Hebrew ruchah, provisionally facing outward, versus Greek on one side.

52:25 Hebrew scribe/army-commander title chain; the exact office relationship is provisional.

52:31 Greek took-up-the-head renders the source take verb in its explicit release setting; idiom remains a review point.

Disparate index

The following index identifies the 107 rows classified Disparate; the classification is an editorial judgment about the displayed comparison.

[1:17; Hebrew 1:17; Greek 1:17] Disparate. Text: Greek replaces the Hebrew warning of divine dismay with a reassurance of divine presence and rescue. Both readings are preserved without harmonization.

[2:2; Hebrew 2:2; Greek 2:2] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the instruction to proclaim and the wilderness setting, has completion instead of bridal days, and names the Holy One of Israel instead of Me. Completion is provisional for teleiosis; its marital association is not ruled out.

[2:16; Hebrew 2:16; Greek 2:16] Disparate. Text: Greek knowledge and mockery differ from Hebrew the grazing or stripping of the scalp. The difficult Hebrew action is provisionally literal.

[2:19; Hebrew 2:19; Greek 2:19] Disparate. Text: Greek interchanges the disciplinary subjects and ends with divine displeasure rather than lack of fear. Its titles and repeated speech formula differ from Hebrew Lord YHWH of hosts.

[2:20; Hebrew 2:20; Greek 2:20] Disparate. Text: Hebrew explicitly has I broke/I tore; Greek has you. Greek also extends the woman's quoted speech where Hebrew shifts to an accusation. The sexual metaphor personifies communal religious infidelity.

[2:23; Hebrew 2:23; Greek 2:23] Disparate. Text: Greek burial ground differs from Hebrew valley, and the she-camel image becomes a voice clause. Greek leaves her ways as the object completed in 2:24; the source boundary is preserved.

[2:24; Hebrew 2:24; Greek 2:24] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the wild donkey and has waters, wind-carried movement, handing over and humiliation instead of the Hebrew animal's mating season. The rare Greek wind-carried verb and its figurative force require review.

[2:33; Hebrew 2:33; Greek 2:33] Disparate. Text: Greek condemns pollution of one's own ways rather than teaching others. Hebrew's displayed spelling at taught is unusual; the pointed second-person feminine sense is followed provisionally, with textual review outstanding.

[2:34; Hebrew 2:34; Greek 2:34] Disparate. Text: Greek hands, I, and every oak differ from Hebrew skirts, you, and all these things. The Hebrew final relation is difficult and remains unfinished into the following statement.

[3:1; Hebrew 3:1; Greek 3:1] Disparate. Text: Greek reverses who returns, names the woman rather than land as polluted, and has shepherds instead of lovers. Hebrew's final return is a compressed infinitive, rendered as a question; an invitation to return is another possible construal. The marriage analogy is not turned into independent current legal guidance.

[3:3; Hebrew 3:3; Greek 3:3] Disparate. Text: Greek shepherds and stumbling replace the Hebrew drought statement. The personification continues to accuse communal infidelity.

[3:19; Hebrew 3:19; Greek 3:19] Disparate. Text: Greek has the response May it be, Lord and a distinct divine-title inheritance phrase. Its changes of voice and the title's syntax remain explicit and provisional; they are not forced into one uninterrupted divine speech.

[3:22; Hebrew 3:22; Greek 3:22] Disparate. Text: Greek returning children, fractures and future servanthood differ from Hebrew apostasy wordplay and the response of coming to God.

[4:11; Hebrew 4:11; Greek 4:11] Disparate. Text: Greek pneuma can also denote wind, but wandering and the way's purity/holiness differ substantially from the Hebrew agricultural wind image. Spirit is provisional in this clause.

[4:22; Hebrew 4:22; Greek 4:22] Disparate. Text: Greek singles out the leaders of My people where Hebrew indicts My people as foolish.

[5:10; Hebrew 5:10; Greek 5:10] Disparate. Text: The final commands are opposite: Hebrew remove because they are not YHWH's; Greek leave because they are the Lord's. Hebrew vineyard rows is provisional; wall-like structures are another interpretation.

[6:11; Hebrew 6:11; Greek 6:11] Disparate. Text: Greek my fury and the statement of restraint give a divine first-person voice, while Hebrew first describes the speaker filled with YHWH's fury and then commands pouring. The speaker transition is not silently harmonized.

[6:16; Hebrew 6:16; Greek 6:16] Disparate. Text: Greek purification differs from Hebrew rest and adds the Lord's to the paths; neither column is conformed to a later quotation of this saying.

[6:27; Hebrew 6:27; Greek 6:27] Disparate. Text: Greek has plural tested peoples and knowing Me through My testing; Hebrew appoints the addressee to test their way and includes fortress. The Hebrew pairing of assayer and fortress is difficult and retained without an unmarked emendation.

[7:10; Hebrew 7:10; Greek 7:10] Disparate. Text: Greek's profession of abstaining differs from Hebrew claiming deliverance while continuing offenses. Greek apechomai with the negative infinitival clause is rendered as abstention, not an unmarked reversal into the Hebrew wording.

[7:18; Hebrew 7:18; Greek 7:18] Disparate. Text: Hebrew Queen of Heaven is the conventional reading of the difficult meleket form; Greek explicitly has heaven's host. The two designations are not merged or linked to a later religious figure in the translation.

[8:6; Hebrew 8:6; Greek 8:6] Disparate. Text: Greek commands listening rather than reporting I listened, and describes ceasing from a course rather than rushing in battle. The difficult running image is retained without harmonization.

[10:13; Hebrew 10:13; Greek 10:13] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the voice clause and has light rather than wind in the final clause. Its initial abundance-of-water phrase remains attached to the preceding sentence without an invented thunder verb.

[11:15; Hebrew 11:15; Greek 11:15] Disparate. Text: The Hebrew is exceptionally compressed; with many and when you do evil are provisional construals, and the holy-flesh clause's relationship remains open. Greek explicitly questions whether prayers and sacrificial meat remove evils, rather than reproducing that syntax. Reception—Irenaeus, Against HeresiesIV.17.3, cites a form in which sacrificial flesh cannot remove unrighteousness. His citation is reception evidence, not a collation of the selected Greek edition or a reason to replace either translation. Source: IrenaeusIV17.

[11:19; Hebrew 11:19; Greek 11:19] Disparate. Text: Greek put wood into his bread differs materially from Hebrew destroy the tree with its food. Hebrew food can denote fruit in the tree image; neither translation inserts a later Christological identification into the running speech.

[12:9; Hebrew 12:9; Greek 12:9] Disparate. Text: Greek hyena's cave differs substantially from the Hebrew speckled bird-of-prey image. Its repeated cave clause remains difficult; no bird is inserted into Greek.

[14:15; Hebrew 14:15; Greek 14:15] Disparate. Text: Greek explicitly predicts diseased death rather than the Hebrew sword and adds false things to the opening description.

[15:7; Hebrew 15:7; Greek 15:7] Disparate. Text: Greek changes gates of the land to gates of My people and makes unnamed they the destroyers, rather than divine I; it lacks the explicit refusal to return.

[15:11; Hebrew 15:11; Greek 15:11] Disparate. Text: This is exceptionally difficult in both texts. Hebrew's release verb and the enemy-entreating construction are provisional; strengthening or a remnant are alternative readings requiring review. Greek is a prayer to Master with a hanging genitive-absolute phrase, not a divine assurance. Its conditional oath-like syntax is not harmonized to Hebrew.

[15:13; Hebrew 15:13; Greek 15:13] Disparate. Text: Greek your strength completes 15:12; it then says an exchange where Hebrew explicitly says without price. The source boundary is preserved without duplicating the strength clause.

[15:16; Hebrew 15:16; Greek 15:16] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the finding-and-eating image and instead completes 15:15 with the rejecters, then commands their ending. The two very different openings are not combined.

[15:18; Hebrew 15:18; Greek 15:18] Disparate. Text: Greek begins with hostile people rather than enduring pain and makes it, grammatically the wound, like false water; Hebrew directly questions You. Stream is supplied in Hebrew from the water image and the deceptive term.

[16:13; Hebrew 16:13; Greek 16:13] Disparate. Text: Greek makes the other gods the agents withholding mercy, whereas Hebrew divine I withholds favor; Greek also lacks day and night.

[17:9; Hebrew 17:9; Greek 17:9] Disparate. Text: Greek deep and human differ from Hebrew deceitful and incurable. So is supplies an elliptical comparison in the difficult Greek and-human-is clause; the masculine him is retained. No doctrine of innate wickedness is added to the Greek wording.

[18:12; Hebrew 18:12; Greek 18:12] Disparate. Text: Greek resoluteness differs from Hebrew hopelessness; it has turnings away and pleasing choices rather than plans and stubbornness.

[18:14; Hebrew 18:14; Greek 18:14] Disparate. Text: Both verses are difficult. Hebrew rock of the field and strange waters are retained without an unmarked reading distant or mountain; Greek explicitly has breasts, perhaps a source of flowing nourishment, and windborne water. Specialist review is required before resolving these images.

[18:18; Hebrew 18:18; Greek 18:18] Disparate. Text: Greek hearing all his words is opposite to Hebrew not attending to them. Neither column inserts an explanation such as listening only to gather accusations.

[20:3; Hebrew 20:3; Greek 20:3] Disparate. Text: Greek Metoikon means migrant or resident alien rather than Hebrew Magor-missabib, Terror All Around; Greek also lacks next day. The Greek migration motif continues in 20:4.

[20:4; Hebrew 20:4; Greek 20:4] Disparate. Text: Greek migration differs from Hebrew terror and explicitly adds you to Judah; its deporting agents are plural rather than the king's singular Hebrew action.

[21:7; Hebrew 21:7; Greek 21:7] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the named Babylonian king and shifts from plural enemy execution to first-person divine refusal of mercy; Hebrew has the king as the continuing singular subject.

[22:15; Hebrew 22:15; Greek 22:15] Disparate. Text: Greek names Ahaz where Hebrew has cedar, and has negative eating and drinking rather than the father's positive example. The Greek en Ahaz relation and provocation are difficult and provisional; the text is not rewritten to match Hebrew or the expected genealogy.

[22:16; Hebrew 22:16; Greek 22:16] Disparate. Text: Greek negates knowledge and judging and changes to plural subjects, opposite to Hebrew's commendation of the father. Both relate treatment of the poor to knowledge of God in their respective contrasting arguments.

[22:30; Hebrew 22:30; Greek 22:30] Disparate. Text: Greek outcast differs from Hebrew childless, and lacks the opening speech formula and personal lifetime failure clause. Hebrew childless stands beside offspring in 22:28 and 22:30; the dynastic restriction is explicit, but the wording is not silently replaced by a biological explanation.

[23:6; Hebrew 23:6; Greek 23:6] Disparate. Text: Greek makes the Lord the naming subject and gives the name Josedek; Hebrew is construed with the name YHWH Is Our Righteousness. Hebrew's naming syntax permits discussion, but the distinct Greek syntax and untranslated proper name are explicit.

[23:23; Hebrew 23:23; Greek 23:23] Disparate. Text: Hebrew explicitly opens with an interrogative; the declared Greek main text prints a statement with no interrogative marker. Greek can be punctuated as a rhetorical question interpretively, but this draft preserves the printed statement and flags the resulting contrast with Hebrew and 23:24.

[23:27; Hebrew 23:27; Greek 23:27] Disparate. Text: Greek has forgetting My law with no explicit people object, rather than causing My people to forget My name. Its subject remains the prophets; the following ancestral name clause is shared.

[23:33; Hebrew 23:33; Greek 23:33] Disparate. Text: Hebrew displayed consonants are construed What burden?, with the extra object marker treated as difficult; Greek explicitly You are the burden differs. Burden carries the oracle/load wordplay in Hebrew massa and Greek lemma. No unexamined Hebrew variant is claimed.

[25:11; Hebrew 25:11; Greek 25:11] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the named Babylonian ruler and changes the nations from serving subjects to the sphere of service; the seventy-year period is present in both.

[25:26; Hebrew 25:26; Greek 32:26] Disparate. Text: Greek east differs from Hebrew north and lacks the final Sheshach clause. The Hebrew name is retained; its proposed coded identification requires a separately verified note before assertion.

[27:6; Hebrew 27:6; Greek 34:6] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks My servant and instead makes the earth's service to the king explicit. The naming of the ruler as God's servant is not imported into Greek.

[28:13; Hebrew 28:13; Greek 35:13] Disparate. Text: Greek makes God the explicit first-person maker of iron restraints, whereas Hebrew has second-person you made or shall make. Neither agent is harmonized to the other.

[29:25; Hebrew 29:25; Greek 36:25] Disparate. Text: Greek replaces Hebrew's account of Shemaiah's letters with a direct divine noncommission and a new instruction to address Zephaniah. Consequently the quotation's speaker structure differs; the Hebrew letter frame is not imposed upon Greek.

[29:27; Hebrew 29:27; Greek 36:27] Disparate. Text: Greek asks why they reviled him, with plural you, opposite to Hebrew asking why singular you did not rebuke him. The negative is not imported into Greek.

[30:16; Hebrew 30:16; Greek 37:16] Disparate. Text: Greek eating enemy flesh differs from Hebrew enemy captivity. Its inserted clause corresponds partly to Hebrew 30:15 but has they did rather than I did; the ambiguous they is not reassigned to God. Every displayed Greek clause is included once.

[30:21; Hebrew 30:21; Greek 37:21] Disparate. Text: Greek stronger ones is a difficult plural construction, retained provisionally; Greek gathers plural people who return, while Hebrew brings a singular ruler near to approach. The differing access and return imagery is not harmonized.

[31:2; Hebrew 31:2; Greek 38:2] Disparate. Text: Greek first-person finding warmth among the dead differs from Hebrew the survivors finding favor; Greek commands not destroying Israel rather than giving rest. Hebrew I is supplied for the infinitive go's implicit agent and remains a declared interpretive choice.

[31:7; Hebrew 31:7; Greek 38:7] Disparate. Text: Greek declares completed salvation rather than Hebrew's petition to save, and its neighing verb retains a striking shout image. Jacob is the Greek addressee rather than the Hebrew beneficiary of singing.

[31:8; Hebrew 31:8; Greek 38:8] Disparate. Text: Greek has Passover and singular you bearing a crowd, instead of Hebrew blind, lame, pregnant, and laboring people. The Greek festival is actually named phasek; the Hebrew inclusions are not inserted into its text.

[31:21; Hebrew 31:21; Greek 38:21] Disparate. Text: Greek Zion, punishment, shoulders, and mourning differ radically from Hebrew route markers. Hebrew you traveled adopts the reading explicitly displayed at Chabad31:20 beside written halakhti, I traveled; Rashi interprets the written form as God's accompanying Israel, a reception alternative rather than a hidden correction.

[31:22; Hebrew 31:22; Greek 38:22] Disparate. Text: Greek salvation, planting, and people differs from Hebrew female surrounding man; neither text is rewritten into the other's image. Reception: Rashi, Chabad31:21, reads the female seeking the male in marriage and also reports Judah the Preacher's inheritance interpretation. Neither interpretation replaces the difficult Hebrew wording.

[31:23; Hebrew 31:23; Greek 38:23] Disparate. Text: Greek blesses the Lord rather than asking Him to bless the addressed dwelling and mountain; Greek lacks of hosts, Israel's God. The repeated mountain in English clarifies Greek apposition, not a second site.

[31:32; Hebrew 31:32; Greek 38:32] Disparate. Text: Hebrew baalti is rendered was their husband, also permitting lordship; Greek emelesa states disregard, a substantive difference retained rather than harmonized. The covenant's ancient-language wording is translated here independently of its later quotation in Hebrews.

[31:37; Hebrew 31:37; Greek 38:35] Disparate. Text: This Hebrew verse aligns Greek38:35. Greek raised/lowered and explicit do not reject differ from Hebrew measured/searched and conditional rejection. Reception: Rashi, Chabad31:36, reads Hebrew's condition as impossible and therefore assuring Israel against rejection. That reading explains the rhetorical force without deleting Hebrew's conditional wording.

[34:18; Hebrew 34:18; Greek 41:18] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks the calf's cutting and passage between pieces, and instead has the difficult calf-they-made/to-work-for-it clause. The infinitive's relation is provisional and may suggest service to an image; it is not repaired from Hebrew. Hebrew's abrupt calf apposition evokes the covenant-cutting act without an explicit like; the interrupted sentence resumes at verse twenty.

[34:21; Hebrew 34:21; Greek 41:21] Disparate. Text: Greek's final nominative force and dative those-running-away can form a verbless nominal clause; English is is supplied. Its sense remains uncertain and differs sharply from Hebrew delivery to the withdrawn Babylonian army. No hand-of is invented to reproduce Hebrew. Greek their-rulers also differs from his-officials. Revised after independent source review.

[38:9; Hebrew 38:9; Greek 45:9] Disparate. Text: Greek directly accuses the king, singular you, whereas Hebrew accuses these men. Greek lacks the polite address, Jeremiah's name/title, and the cistern detail. Hebrew death is prospective in context, not a claim he has already died.

[41:6; Hebrew 41:6; Greek 48:6] Disparate. Text: Hebrew makes Ishmael the weeping walker; Greek explicitly makes them plural the walkers and weepers. Greek also lacks from-Mizpah, the meeting transition, and patronymics.

[42:12; Hebrew 42:12; Greek 49:12] Disparate. Text: Hebrew shifts to a third-person he, contextually the king, for compassion and return; Greek keeps God as the first-person agent throughout. No agents are harmonized.

[43:10; Hebrew 43:10; Greek 50:10] Disparate. Text: Greek he-will-place and you-hid differ from Hebrew I-will-place and I-hid; Greek weapons differs from the rare Hebrew canopy term. Greek lacks to-them, of-hosts, Israel's-God, and My-servant. No Babylonian weapon terminology is inserted into Hebrew.

[43:12; Hebrew 43:12; Greek 50:12] Disparate. Text: Greek consistently has he against Hebrew initial I; its delouse differs sharply from Hebrew wrap. Greek feminine them refers to houses and masculine them to gods; the English makes this distinction explicit. Hebrew's repeated masculine them is less formally discriminating, so its ambiguity is retained. Greek lacks there at the exit.

[46:11; Hebrew 46:11; Greek 26:11] Disparate. Text: Greek addresses Gilead and gives resin for Egypt; Hebrew addresses Egypt and sends her to Gilead. Greek benefit differs from healing.

[46:15; Hebrew 46:15; Greek 26:15] Disparate. Text: Greek explicitly names Apis and a choice calf, against Hebrew mighty-ones and its abrupt singular continuation. The Hebrew number shift is retained rather than silently introducing the Greek bull deity into that column.

[46:16; Hebrew 46:16; Greek 26:16] Disparate. Text: Greek names a Greek/Hellenic sword against Hebrew oppressing sword; its multitude-grew-weak differs from the Hebrew divine action causing much stumbling. The precise historical referent of the Greek designation is not supplied.

[46:25; Hebrew 46:25; Greek 26:25] Disparate. Text: Greek Amon-her-son and vengeance-for-Amon/upon-Pharaoh differ sharply from Hebrew punishment-of-Amon-of-No. The relational force of Greek ekdiko with this accusative is provisional; vengeance against Amon is an alternative requiring review. Greek lacks the divine-title formula, Egypt, her gods, and her kings.

[47:5; Hebrew 47:5; Greek 29:5] Disparate. Text: Greek survivors-of-Anakim differs from Hebrew remnant-of-their-valley. Greek's final question addresses the sword named in the following verse; Hebrew has reflexive self-cutting in mourning. The Greek source boundary is retained without duplicating the question.

[48:6; Hebrew 48:6; Greek 31:6] Disparate. Text: Greek wild-donkey differs from Hebrew aroer, provisionally a wilderness shrub; the Hebrew word can also evoke the place-name Aroer. No species identification is asserted.

[48:9; Hebrew 48:9; Greek 31:9] Disparate. Text: Hebrew wings/fly-away is provisional for the rare tsits/natso construction; Greek instead has signs/be-kindled and an interrogative about inhabitants. These difficult readings are kept separate and require specialist review. BDB-tsits and BDB-natsa, directly read by the independent reviewer, describe the traditional wings/fly reading as doubtful rather than lexically secure.

[48:18; Hebrew 48:18; Greek 31:18] Disparate. Text: Greek dampness contrasts Hebrew thirst, adds be-crushed/Moab-perished, and lacks daughter. The source's unnamed he is retained rather than importing Hebrew destroyer as a noun.

[48:26; Hebrew 48:26; Greek 31:26] Disparate. Text: Greek hand/strike differs from Hebrew vomit/wallow. Greek gives no object of the striking; clapping or another particular gesture is not asserted.

[48:27; Hebrew 48:27; Greek 31:27] Disparate. Text: Greek your-thefts/made-war differs from Hebrew among-thieves/speaking-and-shaking. Hebrew's final gesture is left general rather than inserting a specific head or derisive bodily action.

[48:33; Hebrew 48:33; Greek 31:33] Disparate. Text: Greek says wine-was rather than I-stopped-wine, adds morning/evening, lacks the separate fruitful-land phrase, and uses boiled-away. Aidad transliterates the vintage cry; Hebrew's repeated shout contradiction is retained as difficult rhetoric, not smoothed into a positive celebration. The reviewer checked LSJ-synepso for boiling/fermentation senses; this supplies general lexical support, not a direct citation of this verse.

[49:9; Hebrew 49:9; Greek 30:3] Disparate. Text: Greek no-remnants contrasts the Hebrew rhetorical expectation of gleanings. Greek lay-hand differs from Hebrew limited destroying; upon-you is supplied as the implicit target of the action.

[49:10; Hebrew 49:10; Greek 30:4] Disparate. Text: Greek makes brother/neighbor agents of destruction rather than fellow victims, lacks offspring, and shifts to plural their/they. Its final not-possible construction continues into the next source verse.

[49:11; Hebrew 49:11; Greek 30:5] Disparate. Text: Greek continues the preceding negative, denying the orphan's remaining; Hebrew commands leaving orphans with God and promises to preserve them. Greek I-will-live differs from I-will-keep-alive. The sequence is not harmonized into the Hebrew assurance.

[49:16; Hebrew 49:16; Greek 30:10] Disparate. Text: Greek has a very different and difficult sequence: playfulness/assailing and insolence destroying/seizing, against Hebrew terror/deception and dwelling/holding. Greek's he/his then you shift is retained. Exact force of enecheiresen and the destruction clause remains provisional; Greek lacks the final declaration formula.

[49:25; Hebrew 49:25; Greek 30:31] Disparate. Text: Greek My-city and they-loved-a-village differ sharply from Hebrew praise/my-joy. Greek he is unnamed; capitalization of My follows the divine-speech setting but the abrupt speaker reference remains uncertain. Neither column deletes its difficult negative.

[49:28; Hebrew 49:28; Greek 30:23] Disparate. Text: Greek queen-of-the-courtyard differs from Hebrew kingdoms-of-Hazor. The selected Greek plesate is retained as fill, with its object sons-of-Kedem and exact intended force unresolved; it is not silently replaced with Hebrew devastate. Hebrew49:28–33 aligns Greek30:23–28.

[50:7; Hebrew 50:7; Greek 27:7] Disparate. Text: Greek let-us-not-release contrasts Hebrew we-incur-no-guilt, and who-gathered-the-fathers contrasts their-fathers'-hope/YHWH. The enemies' justification remains reported speech, not the narrator's endorsement.

[50:8; Hebrew 50:8; Greek 27:8] Disparate. Text: Greek dragons differs sharply from Hebrew male goats. Hebrew's displayed third-person come-out form is retained here, while the surrounding commands address the exiles; no marginal reading is claimed.

[50:16; Hebrew 50:16; Greek 27:16] Disparate. Text: Greek seed rather than sower leaves an awkward shift to a person holding the sickle; Greek Hellenic sword differs from Hebrew oppressing sword, as at46:16. No historical identification is imposed.

[50:27; Hebrew 50:27; Greek 27:27] Disparate. Text: Greek fruits/dry-up differs from Hebrew bulls/slay, retaining an awkward transition from produce to slaughter. Greek vengeance differs from Hebrew visitation/punishment.

[50:34; Hebrew 50:34; Greek 27:34] Disparate. Text: Greek His-adversaries differs from Hebrew their-case, and remove-the-land differs from give-the-land-rest. The force of Greek exare is unresolved; remove/lift is kept provisional rather than harmonized to Hebrew peace. Greek pantokrator is rendered Almighty.

[50:38; Hebrew 50:38; Greek 27:38] Disparate. Text: Greek trusted-water/ashamed and islands-boasting differs sharply from Hebrew drought/dryness and terrifying-idol frenzy. The Greek final locative fragment is retained without inventing a completing verb.

[50:39; Hebrew 50:39; Greek 27:39] Disparate. Text: Greek apparitions/islands/daughters-of-sirens differs from the Hebrew wild-creature list and lacks the final generational clause. Hebrew zoological labels are deliberately general where species are uncertain; Greek mythic imagery is not silently converted into animals.

[50:42; Hebrew 50:42; Greek 27:42] Disparate. Text: Greek like-fire differs from Hebrew like-a-man; dagger differs from javelin. Greek singular collective it shifts to plural their/they, retained without inventing a named army.

[51:3; Hebrew 51:3; Greek 28:3] Disparate. Text: The difficult Hebrew opening is provisionally construed negatively; Greek positively orders attack and arming. The displayed Hebrew repeats yidrk with an unpointed form and has el at the first two clauses, then al in the third. The opening construction and written/read relationship need specialist review; no apparatus was consulted.

[51:5; Hebrew 51:5; Greek 28:5] Disparate. Text: Greek holy ones is plural and from marks their relation to injustice; Hebrew has the singular Holy One. Hebrew their land and the causal/concessive connection remain referentially uncertain. The columns preserve this significant theological difference without resolving it by harmonization.

[51:10; Hebrew 51:10; Greek 28:10] Disparate. Text: Greek His judgment differs materially from Hebrew our righteous deeds/vindications, rendered collective vindication. Greek works is plural.

[51:11; Hebrew 51:11; Greek 28:11] Disparate. Text: Greek has one king, anger, and people where Hebrew has kings, plan, and temple. Hebrew shlatim, otherwise associated with shields, is provisionally understood as quivers in this command; this lexical difficulty remains open.

[51:13; Hebrew 51:13; Greek 28:13] Disparate. Text: Greek inward parts and truly differ from the difficult Hebrew ammat bitsekh, provisionally measure of your gain; cubit and cutting off are possible elements requiring lexical review. Greek plural inhabitants continues verse12; Hebrew turns to feminine singular Babylon.

[51:19; Hebrew 51:19; Greek 28:19] Disparate. Text: Greek makes the Maker Jacob's inheritance, whereas Hebrew retains the tribe as His inheritance. Hebrew has no explicit Israel name in this verse; Greek lacks of hosts.

[51:20; Hebrew 51:20; Greek 28:20] Disparate. Text: Greek verbal you scatter differs from Hebrew you are My shattering weapon; in/from you and kings also differ from with you and kingdoms. The identity of the addressee is not supplied.

[51:32; Hebrew 51:32; Greek 28:32] Disparate. Text: Greek gatherings, going out, and the difficult opening construction differ from Hebrew marshes and terrified. The subject of they were taken and meaning of displayed systemata remain uncertain; gatherings is deliberately broad, not a confident identification of marshes or military formations.

[51:33; Hebrew 51:33; Greek 28:33] Disparate. Text: Greek houses of Babylon's king differs from Hebrew Daughter Babylon; Greek lacks of hosts, Israel's God and explicitly makes the houses the object of threshing.

[51:44; Hebrew 51:44; Greek 28:44] Disparate. Text: Greek targets Babylon herself without naming Bel; feminine mouth/gathering correspond to her, not the Hebrew deity. Greek lacks the fallen-wall clause.

[51:49; Hebrew 51:49; Greek 28:49] Disparate. Text: Greek lacks Israel and the reciprocal causal statement. The compressed Hebrew construction is provisionally expanded as Babylon's fall in return for her victims; its syntax remains open for specialist review.

[51:58; Hebrew 51:58; Greek 28:58] Disparate. Text: Greek explicitly negates labor in vain, unlike Hebrew, and has at the beginning/perish rather than for fire/grow weary. Greek singular broadened wall also differs. The striking negative is not removed to fit the Hebrew or context.

Review record

Root independently authored chapters1–51 from actual ancient running texts; second agent authored52, then root read all52 source text and every row.

All Hebrew/Greek chapters32–34 compared by second agent; refinements applied.

All Hebrew/Greek chapters46–48 compared by second agent; targeted lexical evidence and corrections applied.

Chapter52 independently drafted and read by two agents.

Reception: Selective directly read sources only, in stated language/presentation.

Remaining: Full-book independent human Hebrew/Greek scholarly review, broad reception review, and critical-apparatus collation.

Production note

Layout review is recorded against the exported PDF; translation review remains limited to the scope described above.