Psalm 110 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 110:3
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Psalm 110
The right-hand lord and the priestly oath
Verse 110:1 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:1] Of David. A psalm.
YHWH's declaration to my lord:
Sit at My right hand
until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:1] Of David. A psalm.
The Lord said to my lord:
Sit at My right hand
until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Hebrew YHWH and my lord are distinct expressions; Greek uses kyrios for both. Lowercase my lord preserves the address without deciding the recipient's identity in the base translation; Christian identification belongs in attributed reception. Reception — Rashi interprets my lord as Abraham and relates the waiting at God’s right hand to deliverance from the kings. Hebrews 1:13 uses the right-hand invitation to distinguish the Son from angels. These distinct readings are attributed rather than merged into the base line. [RASHI-PS110-ROOT; NA28-HEB1-PSROOT]
Verse 110:2 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:2] YHWH will send the scepter of your strength from Zion;
rule in the midst of your enemies.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:2] The Lord will send out the rod of your power from Zion.
Exercise dominion in the midst of your enemies.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Both present authority sent from Zion and a command to rule. Greek κατακυρίευε is a second-person imperative addressed to the royal figure; it is separated from the preceding statement whose subject is the Lord.
Verse 110:3 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:3] Your people are willing offerings on the day of your force,
in holy splendors;
from the womb of dawn, the dew of your youth is yours.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:3] With you is rule on the day of your power,
in the splendors of the holy ones;
from the womb, before the morning star, I begot you.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Greek rule and first-person I begot you before the morning star differs sharply from Hebrew willing people, dawn, and dew of youth. The difficult Hebrew poetic syntax is provisional; youth may concern youthful followers. Greek holy ones also permits holy things; no later doctrinal explanation is inserted into either column.
Verse 110:4 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:4] YHWH has sworn and will not relent:
You are a priest forever,
according to the manner of Melchizedek.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:4] The Lord swore and will not change His purpose:
You are a priest forever
according to the order of Melchizedek.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek explicitly says order. Hebrew al-divrati is difficult; manner of is provisional, with my decree/concerning and the royal-name interpretation requiring review. The draft does not claim the Hebrew wording unambiguously defines a later priestly institution. Reception — Rashi relates the priesthood and kingship to Abraham and his descendants, and reads the Melchizedek phrase in terms of his speech or command. Hebrews 7:17–25 applies the eternal-priesthood oath to Jesus and develops its significance for His enduring priesthood and intercession. Neither interpretation silently replaces the Hebrew phrase. [RASHI-PS110-ROOT; NA28-HEB7-PSROOT]
Verse 110:5 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:5] The Lord at your right hand
crushed kings on the day of His anger.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:5] The Lord at your right hand
crushed kings on the day of His anger.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Hebrew now uses Adonai rather than verse one's adoni; the divine Lord is distinguished. The right-hand position changes from the addressee seated at God's right to the Lord at the addressee's right.
Verse 110:6 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:6] He will judge among the nations, filling the field with corpses;
He crushed a head over a broad land.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:6] He will judge among the nations; He will fill the field with corpses;
He will crush heads over the land of many.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek plural heads and land of many differs from Hebrew singular head and broad land. Field is a supplied English complement to the terse filling-corpses phrase in both; the Hebrew singular may be collective or a particular ruler, and remains unresolved.
Verse 110:7 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[110:7] He will drink from a torrent on the way;
therefore he will lift his head.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[109:7] He will drink from a torrent on the way;
therefore he will lift his head.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The drinking and raised-head image corresponds. The subject is not explicitly named; lowercase he leaves the royal/divine or received messianic construal open.