1 Corinthians — Greek text and reception

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1 Corinthians 12 — The Spirit's gifts and the one body — Greek text and reception

Saints Translation: 1 Corinthians 1–16 [V2]

Each card preserves the Greek reading and its textual and reception notes. This source provides a Greek study edition; Hebrew counterparts and Hebrew–Greek classifications are not supplied.

1 Corinthians 12 — The Spirit's gifts and the one body

The confession of Jesus and the Spirit's varied gifts

Verse 12:1

Greek–English Translation

Now concerning spiritual things, brothers, I do not want you to be ignorant.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Pneumatikōn can refer to spiritual things or spiritual people; gifts is not the explicit noun until 12:4. Spiritual things leaves the introductory scope broad.

Verse 12:2

Greek–English Translation

You know that when you were Gentiles, you were carried away to the mute idols, however you were led.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Gentiles retains ethnē as a description of their former religious setting; the passage does not assert a change in biological ancestry. The led/carried-away repetition remains visible.

Verse 12:3

Greek–English Translation

Therefore I make known to you that no one speaking in God's Spirit says, “Jesus is accursed,” and no one can say, “Jesus is Lord,” except in the Holy Spirit.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:4

Greek–English Translation

There are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit;

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:5

Greek–English Translation

and there are varieties of service, and the same Lord;

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:6

Greek–English Translation

and there are varieties of workings, but the same God, who works all things in everyone.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Workings and works retain the related Greek terms; Spirit, Lord, and God remain separately named across 12:4–6.

Verse 12:7

Greek–English Translation

To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common benefit.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:8

Greek–English Translation

For to one a word of wisdom is given through the Spirit, and to another a word of knowledge according to the same Spirit;

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:9

Greek–English Translation

to another faith in the same Spirit, and to another gifts of healings in the one Spirit;

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Gifts and healings are both plural. The final phrase is the one Spirit, distinct from same Spirit earlier in the verse.

Variant [SBL-1COR-APP 12:9]: The apparatus assigns one Spirit in the second clause to WH, Treg and NA28, against same Spirit in RP.

Verse 12:10

Greek–English Translation

to another workings of power, to another prophecy, to another discernments of spirits, to another kinds of tongues, and to another interpretation of tongues.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: The distinct gifts and the plurals are preserved. Tongues renders glōssai; the precise form of speech must be interpreted from each context.

Verse 12:11

Greek–English Translation

But the one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each individually just as He wills.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: The Spirit's agency and will are explicit, not merely an impersonal distribution of abilities.

Many members baptized into one body

Verse 12:12

Greek–English Translation

For just as the body is one and has many members, and all the body's members, though many, are one body, so also is Christ.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: The closing subject is Christ, not an inserted Church noun; the communal application becomes explicit in 12:27.

Verse 12:13

Greek–English Translation

For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all given one Spirit to drink.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: In one Spirit may also express agency, by one Spirit. The selected final clause gives one Spirit as what is drunk, without an added into. Both baptism and drinking images remain.

Variant [SBL-1COR-APP 12:13]: The apparatus records into as an RP addition in the drinking clause.

Verse 12:14

Greek–English Translation

For the body is not one member but many.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:15

Greek–English Translation

If the foot says, “Because I am not a hand, I am not part of the body,” it does not thereby cease to be part of the body, does it?

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:16

Greek–English Translation

And if the ear says, “Because I am not an eye, I am not part of the body,” it does not thereby cease to be part of the body.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:17

Greek–English Translation

If the whole body were an eye, where would hearing be? If the whole were hearing, where would the sense of smell be?

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:18

Greek–English Translation

But as it is, God placed the members, each one of them, in the body just as He wished.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:19

Greek–English Translation

If they were all one member, where would the body be?

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:20

Greek–English Translation

But as it is, there are many members, yet one body.

Textual and Reception Notes

Mutual need, honor, suffering, and joy

Verse 12:21

Greek–English Translation

The eye cannot say to the hand, “I have no need of you,” or again the head to the feet, “I have no need of you.”

Textual and Reception Notes

Saints [CLEM-1COR 37–38]: Clement develops mutual dependence between head, feet and the smallest members, then calls the strong and weak to reciprocal service.

Verse 12:22

Greek–English Translation

On the contrary, the members of the body that seem weaker are much more necessary,

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:23

Greek–English Translation

and those parts of the body we consider less honorable, we clothe with greater honor; and our unpresentable parts receive greater modesty,

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: The bodily language of clothing and modest treatment carries the social analogy without naming specific organs not explicitly named here.

Verse 12:24

Greek–English Translation

while our presentable parts have no need of it. But God combined the body, giving greater honor to the part that lacked it,

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:25

Greek–English Translation

so that there may be no division in the body, but that the members may have the same care for one another.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:26

Greek–English Translation

If one member suffers, all the members suffer together; if a member is honored, all the members rejoice together.

Textual and Reception Notes

NA28: δοξάζεται [ἓν] μέλος, "one member" (SBLGNT μέλος); the rendering above follows SBLGNT; NA28 would read "if one member is honored".

God's appointments and the surpassing way

Verse 12:27

Greek–English Translation

Now you are Christ's body, and individually members of it.

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:28

Greek–English Translation

God has appointed in the Church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then works of power, then gifts of healings, helps, forms of guidance, and kinds of tongues.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: The numbered first, second, and third are retained, followed by unnumbered gifts. Helps and forms of guidance preserve the plural functions without imposing later office titles.

Verse 12:29

Greek–English Translation

Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all perform works of power?

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Each question expects a negative answer; the diversity of roles is part of the argument.

Verse 12:30

Greek–English Translation

Do all have gifts of healings? Do all speak in tongues? Do all interpret?

Textual and Reception Notes

Verse 12:31

Greek–English Translation

But earnestly desire the greater gifts. And I show you a way beyond all comparison.

Textual and Reception Notes

Text: Zēloute can be imperative, earnestly desire, or indicative, you are zealous for; the imperative is adopted. The selected adjective is greater, not best. The way continues into chapter 13.

Variant [SBL-1COR-APP 12:31]: The apparatus gives greater in WH, Treg and NA28, and better in RP.

Saints [CHR-1COR-32 §5]: Chrysostom presents love as a way open to everyone, unlike particular gifts distributed among different members. His quotation has better gifts, unlike greater in the selected base.

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