Exodus 31 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 4 Similar 6 Different 4 Divergent 4 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
The Appointment of Artisans
31:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
31:2 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah.
Familiar names identify the same people despite Greek spelling differences.
31:3 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:3 I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, understanding, knowledge, and every kind of craftsmanship,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:3 I have filled him with a divine Spirit of wisdom, understanding, and knowledge in every kind of work,
Hebrew Spirit of God corresponds to RH divine Spirit. Capitalization marks clear divine agency under the translation convention; the grammar does not settle later doctrinal formulations.
31:4 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:4 to devise designs and work in gold, silver, and bronze,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:4 to plan and design, to work in gold, silver, bronze, blue, purple, spun scarlet yarn, and spun fine linen,
The consulted Greek includes the colored textiles here. [G31]
31:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:5 to cut stones for setting, to carve wood, and to work in every craft.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:5 to work in stone and the woodworking crafts, and to perform every kind of work.
31:6 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:6 I have appointed with him Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. I have put wisdom into the heart of every skilled person, so that they may make everything I commanded you:
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:6 I have appointed him and Eliab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. I have given understanding to everyone discerning in heart, so that they may make everything I commanded you:
Greek calls the second craftsman Eliab, corresponding to Hebrew Oholiab; that name difference is retained throughout this installment. [G31]
31:7 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:7 the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the testimony, the cover upon it, and all the tent’s furnishings,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:7 the Tent of Testimony, the ark of the covenant, the propitiatory cover upon it, and the tent’s furnishings,
Greek calls the ark’s contents covenant here; the corresponding sanctuary terms differ.
31:8 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:8 the table and its utensils, the pure lampstand and all its utensils, and the incense altar,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:8 the altars, the table and all its utensils, and the pure lampstand and all its utensils,
Greek groups the altars at the beginning of this verse. [G31]
31:9 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:9 the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the basin and its base,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:9 the basin and its base,
The consulted Greek lacks a second altar clause here; the altars were grouped in verse 8. [G31]
31:10 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:10 the service garments, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons’ garments for priestly service,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:10 Aaron’s ministering robes and his sons’ robes for priestly service to Me,
Greek abbreviates the garment list and explicitly adds “to Me.”
31:11 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:11 the anointing oil and the fragrant incense for the sanctuary. They shall make them according to everything I commanded you.”
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:11 the anointing oil and the compounded incense for the sanctuary. They shall make them according to everything I commanded you.”
The Reminder of the Sabbath Law
31:12 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:12 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:12 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
31:13 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:13 “Tell the sons of Israel: ‘You must keep My Sabbaths, for they are a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I am YHWH who sanctifies you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:13 “Command the sons of Israel: ‘See that you keep My Sabbaths, for they are a sign with Me and among you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you.
31:14 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:14 Keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Whoever profanes it shall surely be put to death. Whoever works on it shall be cut off from among his people.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:14 Keep the Sabbaths, for this is holy to the Lord for you. Whoever profanes it shall surely be put to death. Whoever works on it shall be destroyed from among his people.
Greek adds “to the Lord” and uses destruction language for being cut off.
31:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:15 For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to YHWH. Whoever works on the Sabbath day shall surely be put to death.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:15 For six days you shall work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath, a holy rest to the Lord. Whoever works on the seventh day shall surely be put to death.
31:16 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:16 The sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, observing it throughout their generations as an everlasting covenant.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:16 The sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbaths, observing them throughout their generations: an everlasting covenant.
Both conclude the Sabbath-observance command with an everlasting covenant. RH begins the identification of the sign in 31:17.
31:17 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:17 It is a sign between Me and the sons of Israel forever, for in six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He ceased and was refreshed.’”
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:17 It is an everlasting sign between Me and the sons of Israel, for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day He rested and ceased.’”
Hebrew says “was refreshed”; Greek repeats rest/cessation language. [G31]
The Conclusion of the Sinai Discourse
31:18 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
31:18 When He finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the testimony, stone tablets written with the finger of God.
Greek · Saints priority
G 31:18 When He finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the testimony, stone tablets written with the finger of God.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.