Exodus 30 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 10 Similar 12 Different 13 Divergent 3 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
The Altar of Incense
30:1 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:1 You shall make an altar for burning incense, of acacia wood.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:1 You shall make an incense altar of decay-resistant wood.
30:2 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:2 It shall be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high, with horns of one piece with it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:2 It shall be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high, with horns of one piece with it.
30:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:3 You shall overlay its top, all its sides, and its horns with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:3 You shall overlay its grating, all its walls, and its horns with pure gold, and make a twisted gold rim around it.
Hebrew names its top; Greek a grating, and specifies a twisted rim. [G30]
30:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:4 You shall make two gold rings beneath its molding, on its two sides, to hold the poles used to carry it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:4 You shall make two rings of pure gold beneath its twisted rim, on its two flanks, on the two sides, as holders for the poles used to carry it.
Greek specifies pure gold and repeats the side placement.
30:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:5 You shall make the poles of decay-resistant wood and overlay them with gold.
30:6 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:6 You shall put it before the veil by the ark of the testimony, before the cover over the testimony, where I will meet with you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:6 You shall put it opposite the veil over the ark of the testimonies, where I will make Myself known to you.
Greek lacks the separate reference to the cover and describes being made known rather than meeting. [G30]
30:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:7 Aaron shall burn fragrant incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:7 Aaron shall burn finely ground compounded incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps.
Greek specifies the incense’s preparation.
30:8 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:8 When Aaron sets up the lamps between the evenings, he shall burn incense on it, a continual incense before YHWH throughout your generations.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:8 When Aaron lights the lamps in the evening, he shall burn incense on it, a continual incense before the Lord throughout their generations.
RH retains Aaron as the incense-burning agent and says their generations, while Hebrew says your generations.
30:9 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:9 You shall not offer unauthorized incense, a burnt offering, or a grain offering on it, or pour a drink offering on it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:9 You shall not offer other incense, an offering, or a sacrifice on it; you shall not pour a libation on it.
The offering terms differ; RH addresses second-person you in the prohibition, as does Hebrew.
30:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:10 Once a year Aaron shall make atonement on its horns with the blood of the sin offering of atonement. Once a year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:10 Once a year Aaron shall make expiation for it on its horns. With the blood of purification for sins, for expiation, once a year he shall purify it throughout their generations. It is most holy to the Lord.
Greek distinguishes make expiation for the altar from purify it, retaining purification within the rite. RH includes the blood’s sin-and-expiation designation and repeats the annual timing. Expiation here concerns the ritual object; it is not a blanket replacement for propitiation in other contexts.
Atonement Money
30:11 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:11 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:11 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
30:12 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:12 “When you count the sons of Israel in a census, each shall give YHWH a ransom for his life when they are counted, so that no plague comes among them during the census.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:12 “When you count the sons of Israel in a census, each shall give the Lord a ransom for his life, so that no downfall comes among them during the census.
Greek ptosis denotes a fall or downfall; Hebrew names a plague.
30:13 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:13 Everyone who passes into the census shall give half a shekel, according to the sanctuary shekel, which is twenty gerahs. Half a shekel shall be the contribution to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:13 Everyone who passes into the census shall give half a didrachma, according to the holy didrachma, which is twenty obols. Half a didrachma shall be the contribution to the Lord.
Retain each source’s units and its stated twenty-part relation. Do not substitute the usual classical Greek coin ratios or a modern cash equivalent. [H30; G30]
30:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:14 Everyone counted, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the contribution to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:14 Everyone counted, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the contribution to the Lord.
30:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:15 The rich shall give no more and the poor no less than half a shekel when giving the contribution to YHWH to make atonement for your lives.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:15 The rich shall give no more and the poor no less than half a didrachma when giving the contribution to the Lord to make propitiation for your lives.
The equal contribution agrees; units and atonement terminology follow the respective sources.
30:16 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:16 Receive the atonement silver from the sons of Israel and assign it to the service of the Tent of Meeting. It shall be a memorial for the sons of Israel before YHWH, to make atonement for your lives.”
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:16 Receive the contribution silver from the sons of Israel and assign it to the work of the Tent of Testimony. It shall be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the Lord, to make propitiation for your lives.”
Hebrew names atonement silver; Greek contribution silver.
The Bronze Basin for Washing
30:17 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:17 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
30:18 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:18 “Make a bronze basin with a bronze base for washing. Put it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water in it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:18 “Make a bronze basin with a bronze base for washing. Put it between the Tent of Testimony and the altar, and pour water into it.
30:19 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:19 Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and feet from it.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:19 Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and feet with water from it.
30:20 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:20 When they enter the Tent of Meeting, they shall wash with water so that they do not die, and when they approach the altar to minister and burn an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:20 When they enter the Tent of Testimony, they shall wash with water so that they do not die. When they approach the altar to minister and offer whole burnt offerings to the Lord,
Greek completes the second instruction in the next verse.
30:21 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:21 They shall wash their hands and feet so that they do not die. This shall be a perpetual statute for him and his descendants throughout their generations.”
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:21 they shall wash their hands and feet with water. When they enter the Tent of Testimony, they shall wash with water so that they do not die. This shall be a perpetual statute for him and his generations after him.”
The consulted Greek repeats the washing instruction on entering the tent. [G30]
The Holy Anointing Oil
30:22 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:22 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:22 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
30:23 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:23 “Take the finest spices: five hundred shekels of flowing myrrh, half as much fragrant cinnamon, two hundred and fifty, and two hundred and fifty of fragrant cane,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:23 “Take spices: five hundred shekels of the choicest myrrh, half as much fragrant cinnamon, two hundred and fifty, and two hundred and fifty of fragrant cane,
The Greek explicitly uses siklos, “shekel,” here, not an unspecified silver coin. [G30]
30:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:24 five hundred shekels of cassia, by the sanctuary shekel, and a hin of olive oil.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:24 five hundred sanctuary shekels of iris, and a hin of olive oil.
Hebrew names cassia; Greek iris. The plant identifications are retained provisionally. [H30; G30]
30:25 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:25 Make these into holy anointing oil, a compound prepared by a perfumer’s skill. It shall be holy anointing oil.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:25 Make these into holy anointing oil, a compound prepared by a perfumer’s skill. It shall be holy anointing oil.
30:26 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:26 With it anoint the Tent of Meeting and the ark of the testimony,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:26 With it anoint the Tent of Testimony and the ark of the testimony,
30:27 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:27 the table and all its utensils, the lampstand and its utensils, and the incense altar,
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:27 the lampstand and all its utensils, and the incense altar,
RH names the lampstand and incense altar here, without a repeated tent inventory. The table appears in its following verse.
30:28 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:28 the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the basin and its base.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:28 the altar of whole burnt offerings and all its utensils, the table and all its utensils, and the basin and its base.
RH includes the table here and also names the basin’s base. The source order is preserved.
30:29 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:29 Consecrate them so that they become most holy. Whatever touches them shall become holy.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:29 Consecrate them so that they become most holy. Everyone who touches them shall be sanctified.
Greek’s relative expression refers explicitly to a person.
30:30 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:30 Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:30 Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests.
30:31 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:31 Tell the sons of Israel: ‘This shall be holy anointing oil to Me throughout your generations.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:31 Tell the sons of Israel: ‘This shall be holy anointing oil for you throughout your generations.
Hebrew says “to Me”; Greek “for you.”
30:32 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:32 It shall not be poured on human flesh, and you shall not make another like it according to its composition. It is holy and shall be holy to you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:32 It shall not be applied to human flesh, and you shall not make anything like it for yourselves according to this composition. It is holy and shall be a holy thing to you.
The prohibition concerns unauthorized use; it does not cancel the commanded priestly anointing.
30:33 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:33 Whoever compounds anything like it or puts any of it on an outsider shall be cut off from his people.’”
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:33 Whoever makes anything like it or gives any of it to an outsider shall be destroyed from among his people.’”
The penalty and application verbs differ; “outsider” is not automatically a statement of nationality.
The Sacred Incense Formula
30:34 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:34 YHWH said to Moses, “Take fragrant spices: stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, in equal portions.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:34 The Lord said to Moses, “Take spices: stacte, onycha, fragrant galbanum, and clear frankincense, in equal portions.
The aromatic names are traditional; precise substance identification remains open.
30:35 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:35 Make them into incense, a perfumer’s compound, salted, pure, and holy.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:35 They shall make them into incense, a perfumer’s compound, blended, a pure and holy work.
Hebrew explicitly uses salted language; Greek says blended and changes the subject to “they.” [H30; G30]
30:36 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:36 Grind some of it very fine and place it before the testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be most holy to you.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:36 Grind some of it fine and place it before the testimonies in the Tent of Testimony, where I will make Myself known to you. It shall be most holy to you.
Greek describes being made known and has plural testimonies.
30:37 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:37 You shall not make incense for yourselves according to this composition. You shall regard it as holy to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:37 You shall not make incense for yourselves according to this composition. It shall be a holy thing to you for the Lord.
30:38 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
30:38 Whoever makes anything like it to enjoy its fragrance shall be cut off from his people.”
Greek · Saints priority
G 30:38 Whoever makes anything like it to enjoy its fragrance shall perish from among his people.”
The consequence is expressed with different verbs.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.