Exodus 8 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 4 Similar 11 Different 11 Divergent 6 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
The Second Plague: Frogs
8:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:1 (H 7:26) YHWH said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says YHWH: Let My people go so that they may serve Me.
Greek · Saints priority
7:26 The Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord: Let My people go so that they may serve Me.
The Hebrew reference is MT 7:26. Alternate references continue through this chapter; the service is to God in both texts.
Earlier navigation: 8:1 → RH 7:26.
8:2 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:2 (H 7:27) “‘If you refuse to let them go, behold, I will strike your whole territory with frogs.
Greek · Saints priority
7:27 “‘If you are unwilling to let them go, behold, I will strike your whole territory with frogs.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Earlier navigation: 8:2 → RH 7:27.
8:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:3 (H 7:28) “‘The river will teem with frogs. They will come up into your house, your bedchamber, and onto your bed; into your servants’ houses, among your people, into your ovens and kneading bowls.
Greek · Saints priority
7:28 “‘The river will pour forth frogs. They will come up into your houses and sleeping chambers and onto your beds; into the houses of your attendants and people, into your dough and ovens.
The Greek has plural houses and beds, and dough rather than kneading bowls; the final items are reversed [H7; G7].
Earlier navigation: 8:3 → RH 7:28.
8:4 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:4 (H 7:29) “‘The frogs will come up upon you, your people, and all your servants.’”
Greek · Saints priority
7:29 “‘The frogs will come up upon you, your attendants, and your people.’”
The order differs, and Greek lacks all [G7].
Earlier navigation: 8:4 → RH 7:29.
8:5 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:5 (H 8:1) YHWH said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, canals, and pools, and bring frogs up over the land of Egypt.’”
Greek · Saints priority
8:1 The Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron your brother, ‘Stretch out the staff in your hand over the rivers, canals, and marshes, and bring up the frogs.’”
Greek explicitly names the brother relationship but lacks the final land-of-Egypt phrase [H8; G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:5 → RH 8:1.
8:6 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:6 (H 8:2) Aaron stretched out his hand over Egypt’s waters. The frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
8:2 Aaron stretched out his hand over Egypt’s waters and brought up the frogs. The frogs were brought up and covered the land of Egypt.
Greek includes both Aaron’s action and the following passive statement [G8]. The singular frog in both source traditions can function collectively.
Earlier navigation: 8:6 → RH 8:2.
8:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:7 (H 8:3) The magicians did the same by their secret arts and brought frogs up over the land of Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
8:3 The Egyptian enchanters did the same by their sorceries and brought frogs up over the land of Egypt.
The practitioner and practice terms remain distinct; see 7:11.
Earlier navigation: 8:7 → RH 8:3.
8:8 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:8 (H 8:4) Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Plead with YHWH to remove the frogs from me and my people. I will let the people go so that they may sacrifice to YHWH.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:4 Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the Lord for me, and let Him remove the frogs from me and my people. I will let them go so that they may sacrifice to the Lord.”
Greek explicitly includes for me in the prayer request [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:8 → RH 8:4.
8:9 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:9 (H 8:5) Moses said to Pharaoh, “Have the honor of choosing: when shall I plead for you, your servants, and your people, to remove the frogs from you and your houses? They shall remain only in the river.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:5 Moses said to Pharaoh, “Set the time for me to pray for you, your attendants, and your people, to remove the frogs from you, your people, and your houses. They shall remain only in the river.”
The Hebrew honor-over-me idiom is rendered contextually; Greek makes appointment of a time explicit [H8; G8]. Greek also mentions the people in the removal clause.
Earlier navigation: 8:9 → RH 8:5.
8:10 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:10 (H 8:6) He said, “Tomorrow.” Moses replied, “As you say, so that you may know that there is none like YHWH our God.
Greek · Saints priority
8:6 He said, “Tomorrow.” Moses replied, “As you say, so that you may see that there is no other besides the Lord.
None like and no other besides differ [H8; G8]. Hebrew incomparability does not by itself assert the existence of rival gods.
Earlier navigation: 8:10 → RH 8:6.
8:11 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:11 (H 8:7) “The frogs shall leave you, your houses, your servants, and your people. They shall remain only in the river.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:7 “The frogs shall be removed from you, your houses and farmsteads, your attendants, and your people. They shall remain only in the river.”
Greek includes farmsteads [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:11 → RH 8:7.
8:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:12 (H 8:8) Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh. Moses cried to YHWH concerning the frogs He had brought upon Pharaoh.
Greek · Saints priority
8:8 Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh. Moses cried to the Lord concerning the appointed limit for the frogs, as Pharaoh had set it.
Greek focuses on the appointed limit, naturally connected to the agreed time; the Hebrew clause describes the frogs brought upon Pharaoh [H8; G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:12 → RH 8:8.
8:13 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:13 (H 8:9) YHWH did as Moses said. The frogs died in the houses, courtyards, and fields.
Greek · Saints priority
8:9 The Lord did as Moses said. The frogs died in the houses, farmsteads, and fields.
Courtyards and farmsteads differ in scope; the consulted Greek has fields, not V1’s plains [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:13 → RH 8:9.
8:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:14 (H 8:10) They gathered them in heaps upon heaps, and the land stank.
Greek · Saints priority
8:10 They gathered them in heaps upon heaps, and the land stank.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Earlier navigation: 8:14 → RH 8:10.
8:15 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:15 (H 8:11) When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he made his heart heavy and did not listen to them, as YHWH had said.
Greek · Saints priority
8:11 When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, his heart became heavy and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had said.
Hebrew explicitly makes Pharaoh the agent; Greek makes his heart the subject of became heavy [H8; G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:15 → RH 8:11.
The Third Plague: Gnats
8:16 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:16 (H 8:12) YHWH said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, so that it becomes gnats throughout the land of Egypt.’”
Greek · Saints priority
8:12 The Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out the staff in your hand and strike the dust of the earth, and there shall be gnats on people and four-footed animals throughout the land of Egypt.’”
Greek explicitly names the human and animal targets in the command [G8]. Gnats is provisional; the ancient insect terms do not establish an exact modern species.
Earlier navigation: 8:16 → RH 8:12.
8:17 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:17 (H 8:13) They did so. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the earth’s dust, and gnats came upon people and livestock. All the dust of the earth became gnats throughout the land of Egypt.
Greek · Saints priority
8:13 Aaron stretched out the staff in his hand and struck the earth’s dust, and gnats came upon people and four-footed animals. Gnats appeared in all the earth’s dust throughout the land of Egypt.
RH 8:13 omits Hebrew’s opening compliance formula but includes throughout all the land of Egypt. The dust statements differ in form.
Earlier navigation: 8:17 → RH 8:13.
8:18 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:18 (H 8:14) The magicians tried by their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not. The gnats were on people and livestock.
Greek · Saints priority
8:14 The enchanters tried by their sorceries to bring forth gnats, but they could not. The gnats were on people and four-footed animals.
The failed attempt agrees; practitioner and animal terms follow the respective sources.
Earlier navigation: 8:18 → RH 8:14.
8:19 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:19 (H 8:15) The magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart grew firm, and he did not listen to them, as YHWH had said.
Greek · Saints priority
8:15 The enchanters said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had said.
Firm and hardened differ in expression; no external agent is named in this heart clause [G8]. The finger image is preserved.
Earlier navigation: 8:19 → RH 8:15.
The Fourth Plague: Flies
8:20 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:20 (H 8:16) YHWH said to Moses, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh as he goes out to the water. Say to him, ‘Thus says YHWH: Let My people go so that they may serve Me.
Greek · Saints priority
8:16 The Lord said to Moses, “Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh as he goes out to the water. Say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord: Let My people go so that they may serve Me in the wilderness.
Greek includes in the wilderness [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:20 → RH 8:16.
8:21 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:21 (H 8:17) “‘If you do not let My people go, I will send swarms upon you, your servants, your people, and your houses. The Egyptians’ houses and the ground where they stand will be filled with swarms.
Greek · Saints priority
8:17 “‘If you are unwilling to let My people go, I will send dog-flies upon you, your attendants, your people, and your houses. The Egyptians’ houses and the ground where they stand will be filled with dog-flies.
Hebrew names the ʿarov, here provisionally swarms, without an explicit species; Greek specifies dog-fly [H8; G8]. The precise zoological identification remains open.
Earlier navigation: 8:21 → RH 8:17.
8:22 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:22 (H 8:18) “‘On that day I will set apart the land of Goshen, where My people dwell, so that no swarms will be there. Thus you shall know that I am YHWH in the midst of the earth.
Greek · Saints priority
8:18 “‘On that day I will distinguish marvelously the land of Goshen, where My people dwell, so that no dog-flies will be there. Thus you shall know that I am the Lord, the Lord of all the earth.
In the midst of the earth and Lord of all the earth differ [H8; G8]. The Hebrew statement of presence does not restrict God’s authority to a locality.
Earlier navigation: 8:22 → RH 8:18.
8:23 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:23 (H 8:19) “‘I will put a deliverance between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign shall take place.’”
Greek · Saints priority
8:19 “‘I will put a distinction between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign shall take place upon the land.’”
Hebrew pedut has a deliverance/redemption sense in an unusual construction. The consulted Greek has diastolē, distinction, not V1’s ransom [H8; G8]. The Hebrew phrasing remains provisional.
Earlier navigation: 8:23 → RH 8:19.
8:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:24 (H 8:20) YHWH did so. Heavy swarms came into Pharaoh’s house and his servants’ houses. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the swarms.
Greek · Saints priority
8:20 The Lord did so. A multitude of dog-flies came into Pharaoh’s houses, his attendants’ houses, and all the land of Egypt. The land was ruined by the dog-flies.
The plague terms follow verse 21; Greek pluralizes Pharaoh’s houses [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:24 → RH 8:20.
8:25 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:25 (H 8:21) Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:21 Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.”
The consulted Greek has your God, agreeing with Hebrew; V1’s literal-Greek our is corrected [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:25 → RH 8:21.
8:26 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:26 (H 8:22) Moses said, “It would not be right to do so, for we would sacrifice to YHWH our God what is an abomination to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice what is an abomination to them before their eyes, will they not stone us?
Greek · Saints priority
8:22 Moses said, “This cannot be done, for we would sacrifice to the Lord our God what the Egyptians regard as abominations. If we sacrifice these before their eyes, we shall be stoned.
Greek makes the stoning an assertion; Hebrew asks a rhetorical question [G8]. The precise reason for Egyptian abhorrence is not supplied in this verse.
Earlier navigation: 8:26 → RH 8:22.
8:27 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:27 (H 8:23) “We will go a three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to YHWH our God as He tells us.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:23 “We will go a three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God, as He told us.”
Hebrew looks to what He will say; RH 8:23 refers to what He said. Both explicitly name the Lord as recipient of sacrifice.
Earlier navigation: 8:27 → RH 8:23.
8:28 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:28 (H 8:24) Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to sacrifice to YHWH your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Plead for me.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:24 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Pray to the Lord for me.”
RH 8:24 explicitly names the Lord both in the sacrifice clause and in the request for prayer. The distance restriction agrees in substance.
Earlier navigation: 8:28 → RH 8:24.
8:29 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:29 (H 8:25) Moses said, “I am going out from you, and I will plead with YHWH. Tomorrow the swarms shall leave Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Only let Pharaoh no longer act deceitfully by refusing to let the people sacrifice to YHWH.”
Greek · Saints priority
8:25 Moses said, “I am going out from you, and I will pray to God. Tomorrow the dog-flies shall leave you, your attendants, and your people. Pharaoh, do not deceive again by refusing to let the people sacrifice to the Lord.”
Greek has God for the prayer and addresses Pharaoh directly [G8]. Both warn against renewed deceit.
Earlier navigation: 8:29 → RH 8:25.
8:30 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:30 (H 8:26) Moses went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
8:26 Moses went out from Pharaoh and prayed to God.
YHWH and God differ in the respective texts [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:30 → RH 8:26.
8:31 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:31 (H 8:27) YHWH did as Moses said and removed the swarms from Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Not one remained.
Greek · Saints priority
8:27 The Lord did as Moses said and removed the dog-flies from Pharaoh, his attendants, and his people. Not one remained.
Hebrew swarms and Greek dog-flies follow the distinction in verse 21. Both describe complete removal [H8; G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:31 → RH 8:27.
8:32 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
8:32 (H 8:28) Pharaoh made his heart heavy this time also and did not let the people go.
Greek · Saints priority
8:28 Pharaoh made his heart heavy this time also and was unwilling to let the people go.
Both explicitly make Pharaoh the agent; Greek emphasizes unwillingness [G8].
Earlier navigation: 8:32 → RH 8:28.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.