Leviticus 22 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 22:22, 22:23
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 22
Holy gifts and acceptable offerings
Priestly purity and access to holy food · 22:1–9
Verse 22:1 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
Classification & Notes
Same. The speech formula corresponds.
Verse 22:2 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:2 Speak to Aaron and his sons, that they keep apart from the holy things of the sons of Israel, which they consecrate to Me, and not profane My holy name. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:2 Tell Aaron and his sons to exercise care concerning the holy things of the sons of Israel, which they consecrate to Me, and not profane My holy name. I am the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Hebrew emphasizes separation; Greek expresses caution or keeping away. The following verses define the impurity restriction.
Verse 22:3 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:3 Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man among all your offspring who approaches the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate to YHWH while his uncleanness is upon him—that person shall be cut off from before Me. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:3 Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man among all your offspring who approaches the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate to the Lord while his uncleanness is upon him—that person shall be destroyed from Me. I am the Lord your God.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek adds your God. The sanction is expressed as destruction rather than cutting off.
Verse 22:4 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:4 Any man among Aaron’s offspring who has leprosy or a discharge shall not eat the holy things until he becomes clean. Nor shall one who touches anything unclean through a dead person, or a man from whom an emission of semen goes out,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:4 Any man among the offspring of Aaron the priest who has leprosy or a seminal discharge shall not eat the holy things until he is cleansed. Nor shall one who touches any uncleanness of a person, or a man from whom an emission of semen goes out,
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek adds the priest and specifies a seminal discharge. Hebrew’s corpse-related impurity is less explicit in the Greek wording about a person.
Verse 22:5 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:5 or a man who touches any swarming creature through which he becomes unclean, or a human being through whom he becomes unclean, whatever that uncleanness may be.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:5 or anyone who touches any unclean creeping creature that defiles him, or a human being who defiles him through any uncleanness of his.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Greek expressly calls the creature unclean; the contact rule corresponds.
Verse 22:6 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:6 A person who touches any such thing shall be unclean until evening. He shall not eat the holy things unless he has washed his flesh with water.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:6 A person who touches these things shall be unclean until evening. He shall not eat the holy things unless he has washed his body with water.
Classification & Notes
Same. The waiting period and washing requirement agree.
Verse 22:7 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:7 When the sun sets, he shall be clean; afterward he may eat the holy things, for they are his bread.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:7 When the sun sets, he shall be clean; afterward he may eat the holy things, for they are his bread.
Classification & Notes
Same. Both link renewed access to sunset and cleansing.
Verse 22:8 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:8 He shall not eat an animal found dead or torn by beasts, becoming unclean through it. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:8 He shall not eat an animal found dead or torn by beasts, becoming unclean through them. I am the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Same. The carcass restriction corresponds. Here and in 7:24 and 17:15, “animal found dead” idiomatically renders the category of an unslaughtered carcass (Hebrew נבלה; Greek θνησιμαῖον). It does not add a separate finding event or specify a natural cause of death. The animal torn by beasts remains a distinct stated category.
Verse 22:9 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:9 They shall keep My charge, so that they do not bear sin because of it and die through it by profaning it. I am YHWH who sanctifies them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:9 They shall keep My requirements, so that they do not incur sin through them and die through them if they profane them. I am the Lord God who sanctifies them.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek adds God and pluralizes the charge and its pronouns. Both warn of death through profanation.
Household eligibility and restitution · 22:10–16
Verse 22:10 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:10 No outsider shall eat a holy thing. A priest’s lodger or hired worker shall not eat a holy thing.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:10 No outsider shall eat holy things. A priest’s lodger or hired worker shall not eat holy things.
Classification & Notes
Same. Outsider here concerns membership in the priestly household, not a blanket ethnic prohibition.
Verse 22:11 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:11 But if a priest buys a person with his own silver, that person may eat of it; those born in his house may also eat his bread.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:11 But if a priest acquires a person purchased with silver, that person may eat of his bread; those born in his house may also eat his bread.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Both include purchased enslaved persons and household-born persons in the priestly food provision.
Verse 22:12 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:12 If a priest’s daughter marries an outsider, she shall not eat the contribution of the holy things.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:12 If a priest’s daughter marries an outsider, she shall not eat the first portions of the holy things.
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew contribution is Greek first portions; both exclude the daughter while married outside the priestly household.
Verse 22:13 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:13 If a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, has no offspring, and returns to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat her father’s bread. But no outsider shall eat of it.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:13 If a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is expelled, and has no offspring, she shall return to her father’s house as in her youth and may eat her father’s bread. But no outsider shall eat of it.
Classification & Notes
Similar. The return is embedded in the Hebrew conditions and stated prospectively in Greek. The eligibility conditions correspond.
Verse 22:14 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:14 If a man eats a holy thing unintentionally, he shall add a fifth to it and give the holy thing to the priest.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:14 If a man eats holy things in ignorance, he shall add a fifth to it and give the holy thing to the priest.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Unintentional action is expressed as ignorance; the additional fifth agrees.
Verse 22:15 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:15 They shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel that they lift up to YHWH,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:15 They shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel that they set aside for the Lord,
Classification & Notes
Similar. Lift up and set aside describe the contribution differently.
Verse 22:16 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:16 and so make them bear the guilt of an offense by eating their holy things, for I am YHWH who sanctifies them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:16 and so bring upon themselves the lawlessness of an offense by eating their holy things, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek expressly says upon themselves where Hebrew has make them bear. The Hebrew pronouns allow interpretive discussion about those responsible and those implicated.
Acceptable animals · 22:17–25
Verse 22:17 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:17 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
Classification & Notes
Same. The speech formula corresponds.
Verse 22:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:18 Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the sons of Israel, and say to them: Any man of the house of Israel or of the resident foreigners in Israel who presents his offering, for any of their vows or any of their freewill offerings that they present to YHWH as a burnt offering,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:18 Speak to Aaron, his sons, and the whole congregation of Israel, and say to them: Any man of the sons of Israel or of the sons of the resident foreigners attached to them in Israel who presents his gifts, for any of their pledges or any of their voluntary choices that they present to God as a whole burnt offering,
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek has sons of resident foreigners, congregation, gifts, and God; Hebrew has resident foreigners, sons of Israel, offering, and YHWH. Both introduce vowed and voluntary offerings.
Verse 22:19 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:19 for your acceptance it shall be a male without blemish, from the cattle, the sheep, or the goats.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:19 to be acceptable for you, they shall be males without blemish, from the cattle, the sheep, or the goats.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Singular Hebrew and plural Greek state the same requirement.
Verse 22:20 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:20 You shall not present anything with a blemish, for it will not be accepted for you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:20 They shall not bring anything with a blemish to the Lord, for it will not be acceptable for you.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek adds to the Lord and changes you to they; the rejection agrees.
Verse 22:21 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:21 If a man presents a sacrifice of well-being to YHWH to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering, from the cattle or the flock, it shall be unblemished to be accepted; there shall be no blemish in it.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:21 If a man presents a sacrifice of deliverance to the Lord, specifying a vow by voluntary choice or at your festivals, from the cattle or the sheep, it shall be unblemished to be accepted; there shall be no blemish in it.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek introduces your festivals and restructures the vow/freewill alternatives. Both require an unblemished animal.
Verse 22:22 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:22 You shall not present to YHWH an animal that is blind, broken, mutilated, has a wart, a scab, or a skin eruption. You shall not place any of these on the altar as an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:22 They shall not bring to the Lord an animal that is blind, crushed, has its tongue cut, has warts, a severe scab, or skin eruptions. You shall not place any of these on the altar as an offering to the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Greek specifies a cut tongue where Hebrew has a broader mutilation term. These are different descriptions of disqualifying injury; several skin terms remain uncertain.
Verse 22:23 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:23 An ox or a sheep with an overgrown or stunted member you may make a freewill offering, but it will not be accepted for a vow.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:23 A calf or a sheep with a cut-off ear or a shortened tail you may slaughter for yourself, but it will not be accepted for your vow.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Hebrew permits a freewill offering; Greek permits slaughter for oneself. This changes the stated sacrificial permission. The bodily defects also differ: general disproportion versus ear and tail injuries.
Verse 22:24 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:24 You shall not present to YHWH an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn away, or cut off; neither shall you do this in your land.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:24 You shall not bring to the Lord an animal castrated by crushing, squeezed out, cut out, or torn away; neither shall you do this in your land.
Classification & Notes
Different. Both prohibit castration-related defects, but their sequence and descriptions do not align exactly.
Verse 22:25 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:25 You shall not present any of these as the bread of your God from the hand of a foreigner, for their damage is in them; they have a blemish. They will not be accepted for you.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:25 You shall not present any of these as the gifts of your God from the hand of a foreigner, for there are corruptions in them; they have a blemish. These will not be accepted for you.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Bread becomes gifts; the same defect restriction applies to foreign-supplied animals.
The offering’s timing and the sanctified name · 22:26–33
Verse 22:26 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:26 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:26 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
Classification & Notes
Same. The speech formula corresponds.
Verse 22:27 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:27 When an ox, sheep, or goat is born, it shall remain under its mother for seven days. From the eighth day onward it may be accepted as an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:27 When a calf, sheep, or goat is born, it shall remain under its mother for seven days. On the eighth day and afterward it may be accepted among the gifts, as an offering to the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Both set the same minimum age for acceptance.
Verse 22:28 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:28 You shall not slaughter an ox or a sheep together with its young on the same day.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:28 You shall not slaughter a cow or a sheep, her and her young, on one day.
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek explicitly uses feminine pronouns and plural young; Hebrew has grammatically masculine it and its son. This does not by itself establish that Hebrew requires a male parent.
Verse 22:29 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:29 When you sacrifice a thanksgiving sacrifice to YHWH, sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:29 If you sacrifice a sacrifice, a vow of rejoicing, to the Lord, sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew thanksgiving is Greek a vow of rejoicing. The acceptance requirement agrees.
Verse 22:30 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:30 It shall be eaten that same day. You shall leave none of it until morning. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:30 It shall be eaten that same day. You shall leave none of the meat until morning. I am the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Greek specifies meat; the consumption deadline is identical.
Verse 22:31 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:31 Keep My commandments and do them. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:31 Keep My commandments and do them.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek lacks I am YHWH at the end of this verse.
Verse 22:32 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:32 You shall not profane My holy name, and I will be sanctified among the sons of Israel. I am YHWH who sanctifies you,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:32 You shall not profane the name of the Holy One, and I will be sanctified among the sons of Israel. I am the Lord who sanctifies you,
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew My holy name becomes Greek the name of the Holy One. The referent remains God in context.
Verse 22:33 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
22:33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
22:33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Same. The exodus and covenant formula correspond.