Leviticus 24 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 24:3, 24:7, 24:16
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 24
Sanctuary service and public justice
The lamps and the bread · 24:1–9
Verse 24:1 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
Classification & Notes
Same. The speech formula corresponds.
Verse 24:2 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:2 Command the sons of Israel to bring you pure beaten olive oil for the light, to keep a lamp burning continually.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:2 Command the sons of Israel to bring Me pure beaten olive oil for light, to burn a lamp continually.
Classification & Notes
Different. The recipient is you, Moses, in Hebrew and Me, God, in Greek.
Verse 24:3 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:3 Outside the curtain of the testimony, in the Tent of Meeting, Aaron shall arrange it from evening to morning before YHWH continually. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:3 Outside the curtain, in the Tent of Testimony, Aaron and his sons shall burn it from evening to morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual ordinance throughout your generations.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Greek expressly assigns the service to Aaron and his sons; Hebrew here names Aaron alone. Greek also omits of the testimony after curtain and uses burn rather than arrange.
Verse 24:4 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:4 He shall arrange the lamps upon the pure lampstand before YHWH continually.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:4 You shall burn the lamps upon the pure lampstand before the Lord until morning.
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek has plural you, burn, and until morning where Hebrew has he, arrange, and continually. Verse 3 already supplies the overnight interval in both texts.
Verse 24:5 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:5 You shall take fine flour and bake twelve cakes from it. Each cake shall contain two tenths.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:5 You shall take fine flour and make twelve loaves from it. Each loaf shall contain two tenths.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Greek make is less specific than Hebrew bake; the number and quantity agree.
Saints reception — narrative recollection. Hebrews recalls the lampstand, table, and presentation of bread in its description of the sanctuary. This is a later scriptural recollection of the sanctuary’s furnishings and rites. Hebrews 9:1–5
Verse 24:6 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:6 You shall place them in two arrangements, six in each arrangement, on the pure table before YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:6 You shall place them in two arrangements, six in each arrangement, on the pure table before the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Same. The arrangement of the twelve loaves corresponds.
Verse 24:7 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:7 You shall put pure frankincense upon the arrangement, and it shall serve as a memorial portion for the bread, an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:7 You shall put pure frankincense and salt upon the arrangement. They shall be set before the Lord as a memorial for the loaves.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Greek adds salt as an explicit material and describes setting before the Lord rather than an offering by fire. The additional ingredient changes the stated ritual instruction.
Verse 24:8 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:8 Sabbath by Sabbath he shall arrange it before YHWH continually, from the sons of Israel as a perpetual covenant.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:8 On the Sabbath day he shall set it before the Lord continually, before the sons of Israel as a perpetual covenant.
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew from the sons of Israel becomes Greek before the sons of Israel; Greek uses a middle verb for the agent setting the bread before the Lord.
Verse 24:9 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:9 It shall belong to Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, for it is most holy for him from YHWH’s offerings by fire, a perpetual due.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:9 It shall belong to Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat these things in a holy place, for this is most holy for him from the things sacrificed to the Lord, a perpetual ordinance.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Both assign the sacred bread to Aaron’s household; offering terminology differs.
The name, judgment, and equal law · 24:10–23
Verse 24:10 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:10 The son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian man, went out among the sons of Israel. The Israelite woman’s son and an Israelite man fought in the camp.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:10 The son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian man, went out among the sons of Israel. The Israelite woman’s son and an Israelite man fought in the camp.
Classification & Notes
Same. The participants and conflict correspond.
Verse 24:11 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:11 The Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the Name and cursed, and they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:11 The Israelite woman’s son pronounced the Name and cursed, and they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew nāqab is rendered here contextually as blaspheme; Greek explicitly says pronounce. Both also say he cursed. The familiar names Shelomith and Dibri render the Greek forms Σαλωμιθ and Δαβρι; these ordinary forms do not require different English identities.
Verse 24:12 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:12 They placed him in custody, so that a decision might be made clear to them by the mouth of YHWH.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:12 They placed him in custody, to judge him by the Lord’s command.
Classification & Notes
Different. Hebrew emphasizes clarification to them by divine utterance; Greek emphasizes judging the man by a command.
Verse 24:13 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:13 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:13 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
Classification & Notes
Same. The speech formula corresponds.
Verse 24:14 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:14 Bring the one who cursed outside the camp. All who heard him shall lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation shall stone him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:14 Bring the one who cursed outside the camp. All who heard him shall lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation shall stone him.
Classification & Notes
Same. The witnesses’ action and communal execution correspond.
Verse 24:15 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:15 You shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying: Any man who curses his God shall bear his sin.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:15 Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: A man who curses God shall incur sin.
Classification & Notes
Different. Greek lacks his before God. The Hebrew possessive should not be used by itself to settle the law’s full religious scope.
Verse 24:16 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:16 One who blasphemes YHWH’s name shall surely be put to death. The whole congregation shall surely stone him. Whether resident foreigner or native-born, when he blasphemes the Name he shall be put to death.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:16 Let one who names the Lord’s name be put to death. Let the whole congregation of Israel stone him with stones. Whether resident foreigner or native-born, when he names the Lord’s name, let him die.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Greek says naming the name, while Hebrew nāqab is commonly understood as blaspheming in this context and can also mean naming explicitly. This affects the law’s apparent scope; verses 11 and 15 connect it with cursing, so Greek must not be presented as unambiguously criminalizing every reverent utterance.
Verse 24:17 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:17 If a man strikes down any human life, he shall surely be put to death.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:17 If a man strikes a human being and the person dies, he shall be put to death.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek explicitly adds and the person dies, expressing the fatal outcome contained in the Hebrew kill-life idiom.
Verse 24:18 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:18 One who strikes down an animal’s life shall make restitution for it, life for life.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:18 One who strikes an animal and it dies shall repay life for life.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek explicitly states death here too; the restitution agrees.
Verse 24:19 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:19 If a man causes a blemish in his fellow, as he has done, so shall it be done to him:
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:19 If anyone causes a blemish in his neighbor, just as he has done to him, so shall it be done in return to him:
Classification & Notes
Same. Both state reciprocal liability for injury.
Verse 24:20 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. As he has caused a blemish in a human being, so shall it be inflicted upon him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. As he has caused a blemish in a human being, so shall it be inflicted upon him.
Classification & Notes
Same. The proportional formula corresponds; later interpretation of its enforcement is a reception question.
Rabbinic reception. Rashi explains bodily injury through monetary compensation assessed for the loss. This legal reception must remain distinct from the bodily equivalence imagery used in the verse. Rashi, Leviticus 24:20
Verse 24:21 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:21 One who strikes down an animal shall make restitution for it, but one who strikes down a human being shall be put to death.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:21 One who strikes a human being and the person dies shall be put to death.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Greek omits the animal-restitution clause here, though it retains that rule in verse 18, and explicitly states the human death condition.
Verse 24:22 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:22 You shall have one judgment for the resident foreigner and the native-born alike, for I am YHWH your God.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:22 There shall be one judgment for the resident foreigner and the local inhabitant, for I am the Lord your God.
Classification & Notes
Same. The equal legal standard corresponds.
Verse 24:23 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
24:23 Moses spoke to the sons of Israel. They brought the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned him with stones. The sons of Israel did as YHWH commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
24:23 Moses spoke to the sons of Israel. They brought the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned him with stones. The sons of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Same. The execution report and obedience formula correspond.