Psalms — Hebrew and Greek compared · 1–41

Saints Translation: Psalms 1–41 [V1] — Volume I · Saints Translation

Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.

Source guide and review record

Saints Translation: Psalms 1–41 [V1] — Volume I

Psalter Book I • Hebrew Psalms 1–41 • Greek Psalms 1–40

Saints Translation V1 · Edition and source-access date: Sep 8, 2026

Complete working translation for this volume; independently translated from the directly accessed Hebrew and Greek main texts. Critical-apparatus collation and independent specialist review have not been completed.

This is one of five documents representing the single canonical book Psalms. Completing this volume does not mean all 150 psalms are complete. Greek Psalm 151 is reserved as an explicitly supplementary section in Volume V.

Reader’s guide

Hebrew: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, edited by Karl Elliger and Wilhelm Rudolph, fifth corrected edition prepared by Adrian Schenker (1997), main text displayed by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Greek: Septuaginta, Alfred Rahlfs, second revised edition prepared by Robert Hanhart (2006), main text displayed by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Each actual source URL and access scope appears in the register. Selective Rashi, patristic and apostolic reception is separately attributed; it is not critical-apparatus evidence.

Navigation follows Hebrew Psalms 1–41. Hebrew and Greek Psalms 1–8 share psalm numbers; Hebrew Psalm 9:1–21 aligns with Greek Psalm 9:1–21, and Hebrew Psalm 10:1–18 with Greek Psalm 9:22–39. Thereafter Hebrew Psalms 11–41 align with Greek Psalms 10–40. Each cell retains its actual source reference, including numbered superscriptions; combined references and local clause-boundary differences remain visible. Familiar English verse numbering is not assumed. The long Greek Psalm 13:3 is retained in the Hebrew 14:3 comparison row.

Comparison key

Same — Corresponding meaning and content; equivalent idiom and YHWH/Lord alone do not create a difference.

Similar — The essentials agree, with a modest difference in expression, idiom or emphasis.

Different — A meaningful detail, participant, action or image differs without an established major change in force or consequence.

Divergent — Added, omitted or substantially rearranged material governs the comparison; historical direction and motive are not inferred.

Disparate — A major difference in meaning or consequence, including agency, assertion, theological portrayal, imagery or cumulative force; strict contradiction is not required.

Each translation cell displays its own source reference. Poetic line breaks, superscriptions and performance markers belong to the accessed text; the purple psalm titles are editorial reading aids. Category colors supplement the written labels in the notes column.

Sources, Method & Decisions

All source-access dates below refer to the edition and access date shown at the front of this volume. Main-text access, attributed reception and independent editorial review are distinguished in each source’s scope and method.

[BHS-PS1] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 1, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS2] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 2, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS3] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 3, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS4] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 4, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS5] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 5, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS6] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 6, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS7] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 7, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS8] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 8, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS1] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 1, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS2] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 2, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS3] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 3, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS4] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 4, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS5] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 5, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS6] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 6, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS7] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 7, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS8] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 8, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS10] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 10, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS9] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 9, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS9] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 9, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[RASHI-PS2] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 2; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary with English rendering; translator not identified on the accessed page

Scope: Commentary on Psalm 2, especially 2:7 and 2:12; commentary consulted directly; not the biblical translation base.

Access: Direct reading of Hebrew commentary and accompanying English rendering

[RASHI-PS7] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 7; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary with English rendering; translator not identified on the accessed page

Scope: Commentary on Psalm 7, especially 7:5, 7:12–14; commentary consulted directly; not the biblical translation base.

Access: Direct reading of Hebrew commentary and accompanying English rendering

[AUG-PS7] Augustine, Exposition of Psalm 7; anonymous English translation in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8, edited by Philip Schaff (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888); New Advent presentation revised by Kevin Knight

Scope: §12, divine patience and repentance; its Psalm 7:11 corresponds to BHS/LXX 7:12; English reception source directly read; Latin not collated.

Access: Direct reading of attributed patristic work in English translation

[AUG-PS8] Augustine, Exposition of Psalm 8; anonymous English translation in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8, edited by Philip Schaff (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888); New Advent presentation revised by Kevin Knight

Scope: §11, lower than angels, Passion, resurrection and ascent; English reception source directly read; Latin not collated.

Access: Direct reading of attributed patristic work in English translation

[BHS-PS11] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 11, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS12] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 12, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS13] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 13, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS14] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 14, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS10] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 10, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS11] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 11, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS12] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 12, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS13] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 13, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[MM-PS11] Mechon-Mamre, Psalms chapter 11, Hebrew text with written and read forms displayed

Scope: Hebrew Psalm 11:1, written nudu and read nudi, directly inspected to resolve the flattened publisher display; accompanying English not used as translation base.

Access: Direct Hebrew transcription comparison at one word; no apparatus collation

[RASHI-PS11] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 11; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary with English rendering; translator not identified on accessed page

Scope: Commentary on 11:1, 5–7 directly read, including written/read form, divine testing, pahim, and the final clause.

Access: Direct Hebrew commentary and English rendering

[SBL-ROM-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Romans text file

Scope: Romans 3:10–18 directly read from the official Greek file previously downloaded in this translation project; compared with the longer publisher Greek Psalm 13:3. Romans 4:6–8 directly read for the quotation of Psalm 32:1–2 (Greek 31:1–2). Romans 8:35–39 directly read for Psalm 44:23 quotation. Romans 3:3–5 directly read for the quotation corresponding to Psalm 51:6. Also Romans 2:6 directly read for Psalm 62:13. Romans 11:8–10 and 15:3 directly read for Psalm 69.

Access: Direct apostolic Greek text comparison; no claim about the direction of textual development

[BHS-PS15] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 15, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS16] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 16, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS17] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 17, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS14] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 14, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS15] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 15, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS16] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 16, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[RASHI-PS16] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 16; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary with English rendering; translator not identified on accessed page

Scope: Commentary on 16:1–4, 8 and displayed written/read forms at 16:10 directly read.

Access: Direct Hebrew commentary and accompanying English rendering

[MM-PS17] Mechon-Mamre, Psalms chapter 17, Hebrew transcription with written/read forms

Scope: Hebrew 17:11 and 17:14 directly inspected for distinct written/read forms; English not used as translation base.

Access: Direct Hebrew transcription comparison at two flattened source displays

[SBL-ACTS-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010), Acts; official Faithlife/SBLGNT Greek electronic text

Scope: Acts 2:25–32 directly read for Psalm 16:8–11 and Peter’s explicit interpretation of Jesus’ resurrection, alongside David’s death and burial. Acts 1:18–20 directly read for Psalm 69:26, including the quotation’s singular dwelling compared with plural Psalm wording.

Access: Direct reading of publisher-maintained ancient Greek electronic text, local work/sources/sblgnt-acts.txt

[BHS-PS18] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 18, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS17] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 17, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS19] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 19, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS20] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 20, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS21] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 21, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS18] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 18, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS19] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 19, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS20] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 20, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[AUG-PS18] Augustine, Exposition on Psalm 18 in the New Advent presentation (corresponding to Greek Psalm 17); anonymous English translation in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8, edited by Philip Schaff (1888), revised for New Advent by Kevin Knight

Scope: §§2 and 36, Christ-and-Church voice and divine discipline; directly read in English; Latin not collated.

Access: Direct patristic work in English translation; reception rather than biblical base text

[AUG-PS19] Augustine, Exposition on Psalm 19 in the New Advent presentation (corresponding to Greek Psalm 18); anonymous English translation in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8, edited by Philip Schaff (1888), revised for New Advent by Kevin Knight

Scope: §§4, 6 and 14, universal gospel speech, bridegroom imagery, and others’ faults; directly read in English; Latin not collated.

Access: Direct patristic work in English translation; reception rather than biblical base text

[RASHI-PS19] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 19; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary and English rendering; translator not identified on accessed page

Scope: 19:2–14 commentary directly read, particularly nonverbal heavens, the law’s restorative light, hidden errors and willful wrongdoing.

Access: Direct Hebrew commentary and English rendering

[BHS-PS22] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 22, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS23] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 23, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS24] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 24, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS21] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 21, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS22] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 22, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS23] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 23, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[RASHI-PS22] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 22; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary and English rendering; translator not identified on accessed page

Scope: 22:1–29 commentary directly read; selected notes concern title, exile, corporate Israel, lion image, and the messianic meal.

Access: Direct Hebrew commentary and accompanying English rendering

[AUG-PS22] Augustine, Exposition on Psalm 22 in the New Advent presentation (Greek Psalm 21); anonymous English translation in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8, Philip Schaff, ed. (1888), revised for New Advent by Kevin Knight

Scope: §§1–3 and 17 directly read: Crucified and old humanity, unheeded requests and learning, wounds interpreted as crucifixion nails; Latin not collated.

Access: Direct patristic work in English translation

[MM-PS24] Mechon-Mamre, Psalms 24, Hebrew transcription

Scope: 24:4 directly compared for first-person nafshi spelling; no manuscript or apparatus claim.

Access: Direct Hebrew transcription comparison; English not a translation base

[SBL-MATT-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Matt text file

Scope: Matthew 27:35–46, clothing division, mockery and the abandonment cry; directly read from official Greek source files downloaded in this project. Matthew 5:1–5 also directly read for the beatitude echoing Psalm 37:11. Also Matthew 16:27 directly read for Psalm 62:13. Matthew 27:34 directly read for Psalm 69:22.

Access: Direct apostolic Greek text and explicit reception comparison

[SBL-JOHN-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT John text file

Scope: John 19:23–24, explicit scriptural citation of clothing division and casting a lot; directly read from official Greek source files downloaded in this project. John 13:17–20 also directly read for the betrayal quotation corresponding to Psalm 41:10. John 2:17, 15:25 and 19:28–29 directly read for Psalm 69 reception.

Access: Direct apostolic Greek text and explicit reception comparison

[SBL-HEB-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Heb text file

Scope: Hebrews 2:11–12, explicit use of the praise-among-brothers line; directly read from official Greek source files downloaded in this project. Hebrews 10:4–10 also directly read for the quotation of Psalm 40:7–9 with body in 10:5, distinguished from ears in the actual Greek psalm. Hebrews 1:7–10 directly read for Psalm 45:7–8 applied to the Son.

Access: Direct apostolic Greek text and explicit reception comparison

[BHS-PS25] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 25, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS26] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 26, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS27] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 27, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS28] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 28, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS24] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 24, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS25] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 25, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS26] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 26, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS27] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 27, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[MM-PS26] Mechon-Mamre, Psalms 26, Hebrew transcription with written/read forms

Scope: 26:2 written tserufah and read tsorfah directly inspected to resolve the publisher’s flattened display.

Access: Direct Hebrew transcription comparison; English not used as base

[RASHI-PS27] Rashi, Commentary on Psalm 27; Chabad.org Hebrew commentary with English rendering; translator not identified on accessed page

Scope: 27:1–14 commentary directly read, including 27:4, 8, 13–14 and written/read form at 27:5.

Access: Direct Hebrew commentary and English rendering

[BHS-PS29] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 29, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS30] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 30, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS31] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 31, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS28] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 28, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS29] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 29, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS30] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 30, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[MM-PS30] Mechon-Mamre, Psalms 30, Hebrew transcription with written/read forms

Scope: 30:4 written plural-looking miyordei and read miyyardi, from my descending, directly inspected to resolve the publisher display.

Access: Direct Hebrew transcription comparison; English not a translation base

[SBL-LUKE-PS] Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Luke text file

Scope: Luke 23:44–46 directly read from the official Greek file downloaded in this project; Jesus’ entrusting of His spirit before death compared with Psalm 31:6 / Greek 30:6.

Access: Direct apostolic Greek text and reception comparison

[BHS-PS32] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 32, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS33] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 33, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS34] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 34, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS31] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 31, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS32] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 32, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS33] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 33, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[SBL-1PET-PS] SBL Greek New Testament, 1 Peter; Michael W. Holmes, editor; Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010

Scope: Actual Greek of 1 Peter 2:1–5 and 3:8–12 directly read for reception of Psalm 34 (Greek 33). Also 5:6–8 directly read for Psalm 55:23 and casting care upon God.

Access: Official project Greek text, locally saved; selective reception reading

[BHS-PS35] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 35, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS36] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 36, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS37] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 37, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS34] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 34, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS35] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 35, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS36] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 36, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[RASHI-PS35] Rashi on Psalm 35, Hebrew commentary with English rendering displayed by Chabad.org; English translator unidentified on accessed page

Scope: Rashi commentary actually read through verse 26, selectively used for 3, 8, 13, 15, 16 and 20.

Access: Direct primary commentary display; English paraphrases checked against accompanying Hebrew

[RASHI-PS36] Rashi on Psalm 36, Hebrew commentary with English rendering displayed by Chabad.org; English translator unidentified on accessed page

Scope: Complete displayed Rashi commentary, selectively used for 2–3 and 7.

Access: Direct primary commentary display; English paraphrases checked against accompanying Hebrew

[RASHI-PS37] Rashi on Psalm 37, Hebrew commentary with English rendering displayed by Chabad.org; English translator unidentified on accessed page

Scope: Rashi commentary actually read through verse 31, selectively used for 1, 3, 7, 16, 20–21.

Access: Direct primary commentary display; English paraphrases checked against accompanying Hebrew

[BHS-PS38] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 38, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS39] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 39, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS40] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 40, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[BHS-PS41] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker, © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Hebrew main text of source Psalm 41, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS37] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 37, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS38] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 38, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS39] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 39, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

[LXX-PS40] Septuaginta, hg. v. Alfred Rahlfs, zweite, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Robert Hanhart, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart

Scope: Complete displayed Greek main text of source Psalm 40, including any superscription and performance markers; no critical apparatus.

Access: Direct publisher ancient-language main-text transcription

Method & Decisions

1. Independent English renderings preserve poetic line breaks, numbers, names, negatives, voices, and source-specific images.

2. Superscriptions printed by the source are translated as running source units, distinct from editorial psalm titles.

3. The fields named hebrew and greek contain English translations, not transcriptions.

4. One of the five comparison classes is assigned from actual corresponding wording; no classification quota is imposed.

5. This remains one canonical Bible book, represented by five documents.

6. After direct Rashi review, Hebrew 2:12 provisionally reads equip yourselves with purity, 7:5 repayment and stripping, and 7:14 arrows for pursuers. Competing lexical constructions remain explicit in notes; no ancient source text was changed.

7. Hebrew Psalms 9–10 align with the single Greek Psalm 9: Hebrew 9:1–21 with Greek 9:1–21, and Hebrew 10:1–18 with Greek 9:22–39. Actual clause-boundary differences are preserved and noted.

8. Hebrew Psalm 11:1 uses the singular read form nudi after the flattened BHS web display was checked against Mechon-Mamre’s explicit written/read presentation and Rashi’s discussion; this is a declared source-display resolution.

9. The publisher’s long Greek Psalm 13:3 is translated in full within the row aligned with Hebrew 14:3, including its direct verbal correspondence with Romans 3:12–18. No printed apparatus treatment or historical direction is inferred from the web display.

10. At Hebrew 17:11 and 17:14, explicit written/read forms in Mechon-Mamre resolve flattened publisher displays. Read surrounded us and stored things are translated; the written alternatives are recorded in notes. Hebrew 16:10 follows the displayed singular read form while acknowledging the written plural shown by Chabad.

11. Psalm 22:17 preserves the accessed Hebrew like a lion and Greek they dug as distinct readings; no manuscript or apparatus unavailable to this project is claimed. Psalm 24:4 preserves the actual first-person Hebrew nafshi, with its interpretation explicitly open.

12. Hebrew 26:2 follows the read refining imperative verified against explicit written/read forms; Hebrew 27:5 follows the possessive read form displayed by Chabad. Hebrew 27:13 retains dotted unless with its unfinished consequence, distinct from Greek’s positive declaration.

13. Hebrew 30:4 follows the read first-person infinitive from my descending, explicitly distinguished from the written form in Mechon-Mamre. The Greek plural those descending remains distinct.

14. Psalms 35–37 use selectively verified Rashi readings where reflected in the Hebrew column, including 35:8 darkness, 35:15 lame people and bloodless tearing, 35:20 crushed people, 36:2 my heart, 37:1 competing, 37:20 fading brightness, and 37:21 the Righteous One. Alternatives remain visible in notes rather than harmonizing Greek.

15. Psalm 40:7 preserves ears in both directly read Psalm texts. Body belongs to the separately accessed quotation in Hebrews 10:5 and is discussed as reception, not substituted into the Rahlfs–Hanhart main text.

16. Classification revision of 8 September 2026: added/rearranged material uses Divergent unless a major consequence is demonstrated; major changes in agency, assertion or cumulative force use Disparate; particular differences without an established major consequence use Different. Classification totals count comparison rows, not unique variants.

Term List

יהוה / κύριος → YHWH / Lord

Each source keeps its own divine designation; Hebrew Adonai is Lord and is not silently expanded to YHWH.

סֶלָה / διάψαλμα → Selah / Diapsalma

Performance terms are retained in their actual positions; precise musical execution is not asserted. A marker present in only one source is made visible.

לַמְנַצֵּחַ / εἰς τὸ τέλος → For the director / For the end

Provisional Hebrew musical direction and distinct literal Greek wording preserved. Later theological interpretations belong in attributed notes.

Alignment Notes

Complete Hebrew 1–41 / Greek 1–40 volume; all accessed source labels accounted for exactly once, with superscriptions and performance markers retained.

Coverage: 637 comparison rows; 637 Hebrew source units; 637 Greek source units. Each source label is accounted for once.

Classification Totals

Same: 104 rows.

Similar: 198 rows.

Different: 251 rows.

Divergent: 29 rows.

Disparate: 55 rows.

Counts describe classified comparison rows, not counts of unique textual variants.

Disparate Index

Hebrew navigation references: 4:3; 7:5; 7:12; 9:21; 10:5; 10:10; 10:15; 11:5; 12:6; 12:9; 16:3; 16:4; 17:4; 17:13; 17:14; 17:15; 18:35; 18:36; 18:41; 19:4; 19:5; 20:10; 21:13; 22:2; 22:3; 22:17; 22:22; 22:30; 23:5; 25:14; 25:21; 27:12; 29:6; 30:6; 30:11; 31:7; 31:11; 31:24; 32:4; 32:7; 34:5; 34:11; 34:22; 35:7; 35:13; 35:15; 35:20; 36:2; 37:20; 37:22; 38:8; 38:21; 39:9; 39:12; 41:9.

Open Questions

1. Independent qualified Hebrew and Greek review and full critical-apparatus work remain outstanding; all specific uncertainties below and in the comparison notes remain part of this working draft.

2. Review technical superscriptions, Psalm 2:12 Hebrew bar and pronoun antecedents, and Psalm 4:8 Greek syntax.

3. Psalm 32:9: Hebrew restraint syntax and the final negative clause remain difficult; the rendered prevention of approach and the alternative refusal to approach require specialist review.

4. Psalm 36:3: the actors and objects of flattery/deception, finding iniquity and hatred remain syntactically disputed. The draft retains compression and gives the directly read Rashi explanation in the note; specialist review remains necessary.

5. Psalm 41:9 / Greek 40:9: the publisher prints a question with mē and ouchi. The rhetorical force of these combined particles needs specialist review; no assertion that it simply agrees with the Hebrew denial of rising is made.

Review Record

Every Hebrew and Greek source label in this volume was checked against the accessed source inventory and accounted for exactly once.

Every reception identifier used in a note resolves to the source register.

English translation, source comparison and selective reception checks were performed by the translating agent; independent specialist review and apparatus collation remain outstanding.

A second agent reviewed all previously Divergent/Disparate rows against the updated reference-guide definitions. The translating agent assessed the proposals, revised governing categories and note explanations where warranted, and confirmed English translations and all source references unchanged. This was a bounded classification review, not independent linguistic or apparatus review.

Exact content readback and all-page exported-PDF inspection are recorded separately from linguistic and reception review.

The document remains a working draft with the linguistic, source-form and review limitations stated above.