2 Corinthians — Verse-by-verse reception

Verse-by-verse reception from St John Chrysostom. All 256 source entries are represented, covering 257 conventional verses. Each note is an attributed paraphrase with a linked homily and passage locator.

Chapter 1 · Chapter 2 · Chapter 3 · Chapter 4 · Chapter 5 · Chapter 6 · Chapter 7 · Chapter 8 · Chapter 9 · Chapter 10 · Chapter 11 · Chapter 12 · Chapter 13

Sources and reading guide

Tier A means a directly checked primary work with an exact passage citation, including a reliable published translation. This describes verifiable sourcing, not agreement by all Christian traditions.

St John Chrysostom, Homilies on Second Corinthians, Homilies 1–30; translated by Talbot W. Chambers, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, volume 12, edited by Philip Schaff (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1889). New Advent presentation revised and edited by Kevin Knight. Complete homily index. The published English commentary was checked; the Greek homilies were not collated.

Reception type: direct commentary. A range in a citation identifies verses discussed together. These notes do not claim a separate exposition of every verse, patristic consensus, or an exhaustive history of reception. Interpretive differences remain attributed to Chrysostom, including his readings of 4:4 and 12:7.

Numbering follows the Saints Translation source entries. Source 13:12 combines conventional 13:12–13; source 13:13 is conventional 13:14. Citations identify conventional numbering at these points.

Chapter 1

Read 2 Corinthians 1 · Source guide

1:1 — St John Chrysostom: Timothy’s inclusion and the shared church address encourage humility and unity. Homily 1, on 2 Corinthians 1:1-2.

1:2 — St John Chrysostom: He treats grace and peace as Paul’s customary greeting. Homily 1, on 2 Corinthians 1:1-2.

1:3 — St John Chrysostom: Deliverance displays God’s mercy rather than the apostle’s merit. Homily 1, on 2 Corinthians 1:3.

1:4 — St John Chrysostom: God comforts within affliction, enabling sufferers to comfort others. Homily 1, on 2 Corinthians 1:4.

1:5 — St John Chrysostom: Sharing Christ’s sufferings brings consolation through Christ. Homily 1, on 2 Corinthians 1:5.

1:6 — St John Chrysostom: Ministers and hearers share both suffering and consolation. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:6-7.

1:7 — St John Chrysostom: Confidence rests on their sharing consolation as well as sufferings. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:6-7.

1:8 — St John Chrysostom: The disclosure of overwhelming trials expresses confidence in the readers. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:8.

1:9 — St John Chrysostom: Nearness to death teaches reliance on God rather than oneself. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:9.

1:10 — St John Chrysostom: Deliverance from mortal danger supports hope in God’s future rescue. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:10-11.

1:11 — St John Chrysostom: The community’s prayers make deliverance an occasion for shared thanksgiving. Homily 2, on 2 Corinthians 1:10-11.

1:12 — St John Chrysostom: A clear conscience sustains Paul amid suffering. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:12.

1:13 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s written testimony agrees with conduct the readers themselves know. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:13.

1:14 — St John Chrysostom: Teacher and disciples can become each other’s glory at judgment. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:14.

1:15 — St John Chrysostom: The planned visit promised further spiritual benefit. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:15.

1:16 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s travel plans remain subject to the Spirit’s direction. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:16-17.

1:17 — St John Chrysostom: Changed plans reflect spiritual obedience rather than mere fickleness. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:16-17.

1:18 — St John Chrysostom: A changed itinerary does not invalidate the gospel’s truth. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:18.

1:19 — St John Chrysostom: Fellow preachers corroborate the consistent proclamation of Christ. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:19.

1:20 — St John Chrysostom: God’s fulfilled promises ground confidence in what remains promised. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:20.

1:21 — St John Chrysostom: God’s establishing and anointing strengthen confidence in future gifts. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:21-22.

1:22 — St John Chrysostom: The Spirit is a pledge of the fullness still awaited. Homily 3, on 2 Corinthians 1:21-22.

1:23 — St John Chrysostom: Delaying the visit gives the Corinthians time to repent. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 1:23.

1:24 — St John Chrysostom: Ministry helps believers’ joy; faith cannot be compelled. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 1:24.

Chapter 2

Read 2 Corinthians 2 · Source guide

2:1 — St John Chrysostom: Paul avoids a visit that would renew mutual sorrow. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:1. The web heading incorrectly reads 1:25; the quoted lemma is 2:1.

2:2 — St John Chrysostom: Their grief at correction reveals their attachment to Paul. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:2.

2:3 — St John Chrysostom: The letter seeks their amendment and their shared joy. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:3.

2:4 — St John Chrysostom: Tears disclose the painful love behind pastoral correction. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:4.

2:5 — St John Chrysostom: Restrained language softens blame while acknowledging the community’s grief. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:5.

2:6 — St John Chrysostom: The punishment already imposed is sufficient. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:6.

2:7 — St John Chrysostom: Forgiveness must include consolation, lest excessive grief produce despair. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:7.

2:8 — St John Chrysostom: Restoration requires renewed, active love. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:8.

2:9 — St John Chrysostom: Obedience includes restoring the offender as well as disciplining him. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:9.

2:10 — St John Chrysostom: Paul joins the community’s forgiveness rather than claiming solitary authority. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:10.

2:11 — St John Chrysostom: Excessive punishment could let Satan profit from the offender’s despair. Homily 4, on 2 Corinthians 2:11.

2:12 — St John Chrysostom: An opportunity for preaching coincides with anxiety over Titus. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:12-13.

2:13 — St John Chrysostom: Titus’s absence intensifies Paul’s loneliness and concern. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:12-13.

2:14 — St John Chrysostom: Even suffering becomes a triumph through God’s action. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:14.

2:15 — St John Chrysostom: The gospel’s goodness remains unchanged by its rejection. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:15.

2:16 — St John Chrysostom: Different responses produce different outcomes; ministerial sufficiency belongs to God. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:16.

2:17 — St John Chrysostom: Paul refuses to adulterate God’s message for commercial advantage. Homily 5, on 2 Corinthians 2:17.

Chapter 3

Read 2 Corinthians 3 · Source guide

3:1 — St John Chrysostom: Paul rejects dependence on external letters of commendation. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:1.

3:2 — St John Chrysostom: The converted community itself commends its teacher. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:2.

3:3 — St John Chrysostom: The disciples’ virtue publicly witnesses to Christ’s work in their hearts. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:3.

3:4 — St John Chrysostom: Ministerial confidence comes through Christ and is directed toward God. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:4.

3:5 — St John Chrysostom: The whole of ministerial sufficiency belongs to God. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:5-6.

3:6 — St John Chrysostom: He identifies the life-giving Spirit with baptismal grace. Homily 6, on 2 Corinthians 3:5-6.

3:7 — St John Chrysostom: Moses’s visible glory introduces the comparison with spiritual glory. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:7-8.

3:8 — St John Chrysostom: The Spirit’s ministry surpasses the earlier ministry’s glory. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:7-8.

3:9 — St John Chrysostom: The law exposes sin; the Spirit’s ministry confers righteousness. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:9.

3:10 — St John Chrysostom: The earlier glory is real but surpassed in comparison. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:10.

3:11 — St John Chrysostom: The enduring covenant exceeds what passes away. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:11.

3:12 — St John Chrysostom: Hope supports open, confident instruction. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:12.

3:13 — St John Chrysostom: Unveiled instruction contrasts with Moses’s veiled appearance. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:13.

3:14 — St John Chrysostom: He reads the old covenant as finding its fulfillment in Christ. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:14.

3:15 — St John Chrysostom: He locates the veil in readers’ hearts rather than textual obscurity. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:15.

3:16 — St John Chrysostom: Turning to the Lord removes the veil, as Moses’s example suggests. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:16.

3:17 — St John Chrysostom: He invokes this verse to affirm the Spirit’s divine lordship. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:17.

3:18 — St John Chrysostom: The Spirit transforms all the faithful, not merely the apostles. Homily 7, on 2 Corinthians 3:18.

Chapter 4

Read 2 Corinthians 4 · Source guide

4:1 — St John Chrysostom: Ministry received through mercy gives reason to persevere. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:1-2.

4:2 — St John Chrysostom: Paul rejects deceit and distortion in presenting the gospel. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:1-2.

4:3 — St John Chrysostom: He attributes the gospel’s concealment to the hearers’ unbelief. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:3-4.

4:4 — St John Chrysostom: He reads God here as the universal God, using different punctuation. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:3-4.

4:5 — St John Chrysostom: The apostles serve their hearers for Christ rather than promote themselves. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:5.

4:6 — St John Chrysostom: Illumination of the heart is a new act of divine creation. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:6.

4:7 — St John Chrysostom: Fragile human bearers make God’s power conspicuous. Homily 8, on 2 Corinthians 4:7.

4:8 — St John Chrysostom: Pressure reveals divine preservation rather than final defeat. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:8-9.

4:9 — St John Chrysostom: Persecution cannot overcome God’s sustaining action. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:8-9.

4:10 — St John Chrysostom: Daily deliverance from danger witnesses to Christ’s resurrection. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:10.

4:11 — St John Chrysostom: Mortal suffering becomes an occasion for Christ’s power to appear. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:11.

4:12 — St John Chrysostom: The apostles endure hardships while their hearers receive gospel life. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:12.

4:13 — St John Chrysostom: The psalmist and apostles share the same Spirit of faith. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:13.

4:14 — St John Chrysostom: Resurrection hope includes the apostle and the believing community. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:14-15.

4:15 — St John Chrysostom: Grace reaching many produces thanksgiving directed to God. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:14-15.

4:16 — St John Chrysostom: Trials can renew the inward person while the body suffers. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:16.

4:17 — St John Chrysostom: Present affliction appears light beside the weight of eternal glory. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:17-18.

4:18 — St John Chrysostom: Attention to unseen realities changes the assessment of present suffering. Homily 9, on 2 Corinthians 4:17-18.

Chapter 5

Read 2 Corinthians 5 · Source guide

5:1 — St John Chrysostom: The heavenly dwelling signifies the body renewed in incorruption. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:1.

5:2 — St John Chrysostom: The longing concerns incorruption, not a body descending literally from heaven. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:2.

5:3 — St John Chrysostom: Resurrection alone does not guarantee the glory of the righteous. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:3.

5:4 — St John Chrysostom: Mortality is removed without abolishing the body’s identity. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:4.

5:5 — St John Chrysostom: God intended immortality and gives the Spirit as its pledge. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:5.

5:6 — St John Chrysostom: Hope of the coming life sustains courage amid persecution. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:6.

5:7 — St John Chrysostom: Faith gives knowledge that is not yet the clarity of sight. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:7-8.

5:8 — St John Chrysostom: Being with Christ surpasses even the benefit of incorruption. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:7-8.

5:9 — St John Chrysostom: Pleasing God remains essential to the hope of life with Christ. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:9.

5:10 — St John Chrysostom: The body shares with the soul in judgment for earthly deeds. Homily 10, on 2 Corinthians 5:10.

5:11 — St John Chrysostom: Accountability motivates both integrity and the removal of damaging suspicion. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:11.

5:12 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s defense equips his hearers to answer superficial boasting. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:12.

5:13 — St John Chrysostom: Apparent boasting serves God; restrained speech serves the hearers. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:13.

5:14 — St John Chrysostom: Christ’s death manifests the love that impels apostolic ministry. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:14.

5:15 — St John Chrysostom: Life received through Christ creates an obligation to live for him. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:15.

5:16 — St John Chrysostom: Renewed life changes human judgments without denying Christ’s flesh. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:16.

5:17 — St John Chrysostom: The new creation involves spiritual rebirth and a changed life. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:17.

5:18 — St John Chrysostom: Reconciliation and its ministry originate in God’s initiative. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:18.

5:19 — St John Chrysostom: The offended God takes the initiative in seeking reconciliation. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:19.

5:20 — St John Chrysostom: The apostles convey God’s reconciling appeal as Christ’s ambassadors. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:20.

5:21 — St John Chrysostom: The sinless Christ undergoes punishment for the guilty. Homily 11, on 2 Corinthians 5:21.

Chapter 6

Read 2 Corinthians 6 · Source guide

6:1 — St John Chrysostom: Receiving grace calls for a corresponding life rather than idleness. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:1-2.

6:2 — St John Chrysostom: The present opportunity for salvation calls for an active response. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:1-2.

6:3 — St John Chrysostom: Ministers must avoid even small occasions for discrediting their work. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:3.

6:4 — St John Chrysostom: Patient endurance is fundamental to proving a ministry. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:4.

6:5 — St John Chrysostom: Ministry is tested through persecution, deprivation, and strenuous labor. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:5-6.

6:6 — St John Chrysostom: He distinguishes divine knowledge from merely rhetorical accomplishment. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:5-6.

6:7 — St John Chrysostom: Truthful proclamation depends on God’s power rather than adulteration. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:7.

6:8 — St John Chrysostom: Honor can test virtue as seriously as disgrace. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:8.

6:9 — St John Chrysostom: Repeated danger displays God’s preservation of his servants. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:9.

6:10 — St John Chrysostom: Spiritual riches and enduring joy coexist with material poverty. Homily 12, on 2 Corinthians 6:10.

6:11 — St John Chrysostom: Open speech expresses Paul’s expansive pastoral love. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:11-12.

6:12 — St John Chrysostom: The restriction lies in the hearers’ affection, not Paul’s heart. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:11-12.

6:13 — St John Chrysostom: Children owe a loving response to the father’s prior affection. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:13.

6:14 — St John Chrysostom: The contrast between righteousness and iniquity supports separation from corruption. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:14-16.

6:15 — St John Chrysostom: The opposition of Christ and Beliar intensifies Paul’s moral appeal. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:14-16.

6:16 — St John Chrysostom: God’s indwelling gives believers the dignity and responsibilities of a temple. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:14-16.

6:17 — St John Chrysostom: Separation from impurity concerns the moral life of body and soul. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:17.

6:18 — St John Chrysostom: He reads the promise of divine parenthood in relation to rebirth. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 6:18.

Chapter 7

Read 2 Corinthians 7 · Source guide

7:1 — St John Chrysostom: God’s promises call for active holiness as well as cleansing. Homily 13, on 2 Corinthians 7:1.

7:2 — St John Chrysostom: The appeal for room in their hearts softens Paul’s rebuke. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:2-4.

7:3 — St John Chrysostom: Love shares friends’ adversity without envying their prosperity. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:2-4.

7:4 — St John Chrysostom: Their amendment brings Paul consolation exceeding his present affliction. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:2-4.

7:5 — St John Chrysostom: External opposition accompanies concern for vulnerable believers within the community. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:5.

7:6 — St John Chrysostom: God comforts Paul through the arrival of Titus. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:6-7.

7:7 — St John Chrysostom: Titus brings confirmation of their amendment and affection. Homily 14, on 2 Corinthians 7:6-7.

7:8 — St John Chrysostom: The corrective letter’s beneficial outcome overcomes Paul’s earlier regret. Homily 15, on 2 Corinthians 7:8-9.

7:9 — St John Chrysostom: Paul values sorrow for its repentance, not for distress itself. Homily 15, on 2 Corinthians 7:8-9.

7:10 — St John Chrysostom: Penitential sorrow heals, whereas worldly sorrow can destroy. Homily 15, on 2 Corinthians 7:10.

7:11 — St John Chrysostom: Earnest amendment supplies visible evidence of repentance. Homily 15, on 2 Corinthians 7:11.

7:12 — St John Chrysostom: Correction serves the community’s welfare beyond the immediate dispute. Homily 15, on 2 Corinthians 7:12.

7:13 — St John Chrysostom: The Corinthians’ reception of Titus increases Paul’s consolation. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 7:13.

7:14 — St John Chrysostom: Their conduct vindicates Paul’s confidence in them. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 7:14.

7:15 — St John Chrysostom: Remembered obedience deepens Titus’s affection. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 7:15.

7:16 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s confidence prepares the way for further pastoral counsel. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 7:16.

Chapter 8

Read 2 Corinthians 8 · Source guide

8:1 — St John Chrysostom: Macedonian generosity is God’s grace and an example for others. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:1.

8:2 — St John Chrysostom: Severe affliction and poverty do not prevent abundant generosity. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:2.

8:3 — St John Chrysostom: Their voluntary generosity exceeds what their resources would suggest. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:3.

8:4 — St John Chrysostom: They beg to participate in the fellowship of service. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:4.

8:5 — St John Chrysostom: Their gifts accompany the prior offering of themselves to God. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:5.

8:6 — St John Chrysostom: Titus is to complete the generous work already begun. Homily 16, on 2 Corinthians 8:6.

8:7 — St John Chrysostom: Giving should flourish alongside the community’s other spiritual gifts. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:7.

8:8 — St John Chrysostom: The appeal tests love without making the gift compulsory. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:8.

8:9 — St John Chrysostom: Christ’s voluntary poverty enriches believers through salvation. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:9.

8:10 — St John Chrysostom: Completion benefits the givers who had already shown willingness. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:10.

8:11 — St John Chrysostom: A willing beginning needs to become completed action. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:11.

8:12 — St John Chrysostom: The gift is assessed according to the giver’s actual means. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:12.

8:13 — St John Chrysostom: Paul accommodates their weakness instead of demanding an oppressive burden. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:13.

8:14 — St John Chrysostom: Material sharing participates in an exchange that includes spiritual abundance. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:14.

8:15 — St John Chrysostom: The manna example discourages selfish accumulation and commends equality. Homily 17, on 2 Corinthians 8:15.

8:16 — St John Chrysostom: Titus’s earnest concern is a gift for which God deserves thanks. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:16.

8:17 — St John Chrysostom: Titus combines divine grace with personal eagerness. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:17.

8:18 — St John Chrysostom: He reports differing identifications of the unnamed brother: Luke or Barnabas. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:18.

8:19 — St John Chrysostom: He favors Barnabas, connecting the brother with the churches’ appointment. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:19.

8:20 — St John Chrysostom: Trustworthy companions protect the collection from grounds for suspicion. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:20.

8:21 — St John Chrysostom: Financial conduct must withstand scrutiny before both God and people. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:21.

8:22 — St John Chrysostom: The further envoy brings tested diligence and confidence in the Corinthians. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:22.

8:23 — St John Chrysostom: Paul commends Titus’s partnership and the other envoys’ honored service. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:23.

8:24 — St John Chrysostom: Honoring the envoys also honors the churches that sent them. Homily 18, on 2 Corinthians 8:24.

Chapter 9

Read 2 Corinthians 9 · Source guide

9:1 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s tactful profession of confidence encourages completion of the collection. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:1-2.

9:2 — St John Chrysostom: Achaia’s earlier zeal has stimulated others. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:1-2.

9:3 — St John Chrysostom: The envoys help ensure readiness corresponds to Paul’s commendation. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:3.

9:4 — St John Chrysostom: Preparation avoids embarrassment for both the Corinthians and their advocate. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:4.

9:5 — St John Chrysostom: Advance preparation encourages a willing bounty rather than an extorted payment. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:5.

9:6 — St John Chrysostom: Generous sowing looks toward an abundant future harvest. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:6.

9:7 — St John Chrysostom: God values cheerful, voluntary giving. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:7.

9:8 — St John Chrysostom: Sufficiency is supplied for good works rather than luxurious excess. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:8.

9:9 — St John Chrysostom: He reads the psalm’s enduring righteousness in relation to generosity. Homily 19, on 2 Corinthians 9:9.

9:10 — St John Chrysostom: God supplies material provision and increases the fruits of righteousness. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:10.

9:11 — St John Chrysostom: Resources enable generosity that produces thanksgiving to God. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:11.

9:12 — St John Chrysostom: The collection meets needs and multiplies thanksgiving. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:12-14.

9:13 — St John Chrysostom: Recipients glorify God for the donors’ obedience to the gospel. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:12-14.

9:14 — St John Chrysostom: Giving creates bonds of prayer, affection, and fellowship. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:12-14.

9:15 — St John Chrysostom: He prefers Christ’s coming as the meaning of the indescribable gift. Homily 20, on 2 Corinthians 9:15.

Chapter 10

Read 2 Corinthians 10 · Source guide

10:1 — St John Chrysostom: Christ’s meekness frames Paul’s impending correction. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:1-2.

10:2 — St John Chrysostom: Paul seeks reform that will make severe discipline unnecessary. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:1-2.

10:3 — St John Chrysostom: Spiritual warfare does not rely on merely human assistance. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:3.

10:4 — St John Chrysostom: The ministry’s weapons derive their force from God. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:4.

10:5 — St John Chrysostom: The strongholds are proud arguments and resistant thoughts. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:5.

10:6 — St John Chrysostom: Delayed discipline allows time for obedience. Homily 21, on 2 Corinthians 10:6.

10:7 — St John Chrysostom: Outward appearance cannot determine who genuinely belongs to Christ. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:7.

10:8 — St John Chrysostom: Apostolic authority aims at building up the community. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:8.

10:9 — St John Chrysostom: Paul rejects the suggestion that his letters are empty intimidation. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:9-11.

10:10 — St John Chrysostom: He treats disparagement of Paul’s presence as an accusation by opponents. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:9-11.

10:11 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s actions can correspond to the force of his letters. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:9-11.

10:12 — St John Chrysostom: Self-comparison supplies a defective basis for boasting. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:12.

10:13 — St John Chrysostom: God’s allotted field sets the limits of Paul’s claim. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:13.

10:14 — St John Chrysostom: Paul actually reached Corinth with the gospel. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:14.

10:15 — St John Chrysostom: Their growing faith can open a wider field for ministry. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:15-16.

10:16 — St John Chrysostom: Paul seeks new territory rather than another worker’s achievements. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:15-16.

10:17 — St John Chrysostom: Glory belongs to the Lord rather than the minister. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:17.

10:18 — St John Chrysostom: The Lord’s approval, not self-commendation, establishes genuine worth. Homily 22, on 2 Corinthians 10:18.

Chapter 11

Read 2 Corinthians 11 · Source guide

11:1 — St John Chrysostom: Paul reluctantly asks permission for boasting to protect his hearers. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:1-2.

11:2 — St John Chrysostom: His jealousy seeks to preserve the community’s faithful attachment to Christ. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:1-2.

11:3 — St John Chrysostom: Eve’s deception illustrates the danger of corrupted fidelity. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:3.

11:4 — St John Chrysostom: He challenges tolerance of rivals who offer no superior gospel. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:4.

11:5 — St John Chrysostom: He understands the foremost apostles here as Peter and his companions. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:5.

11:6 — St John Chrysostom: A lack of rhetorical polish does not imply deficient knowledge. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:6.

11:7 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s self-abasement serves the Corinthians’ spiritual advancement. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:7.

11:8 — St John Chrysostom: Other churches supplied support while Paul ministered in Corinth. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:8.

11:9 — St John Chrysostom: Paul avoided burdening them even during personal need. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:9.

11:10 — St John Chrysostom: Preaching without charge is a ground of ministerial confidence. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:10.

11:11 — St John Chrysostom: Refusal of their money does not signify absence of love. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:11.

11:12 — St John Chrysostom: The refusal removes a pretext for rival ministers’ boasting. Homily 23, on 2 Corinthians 11:12.

11:13 — St John Chrysostom: An apostolic appearance can conceal deceitful activity. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:13.

11:14 — St John Chrysostom: Satan’s assumed appearance does not change his actual identity. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:14-15.

11:15 — St John Chrysostom: False ministers likewise disguise themselves under an appearance of righteousness. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:14-15.

11:16 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s reluctant boasting answers a pastoral necessity. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:16.

11:17 — St John Chrysostom: The boastful form requires explanation by its protective purpose. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:17.

11:18 — St John Chrysostom: Ancestry and outward status supply no sufficient spiritual commendation. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:18.

11:19 — St John Chrysostom: Their tolerance of fools exposes their own responsibility. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:19.

11:20 — St John Chrysostom: He condemns exploitative domination and financial abuse. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:20.

11:21 — St John Chrysostom: Refusal to dominate reflects Paul’s choice, not mere incapacity. Homily 24, on 2 Corinthians 11:21.

11:22 — St John Chrysostom: Paul can match his opponents’ claims of ancestry. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:22-23.

11:23 — St John Chrysostom: He establishes ministerial distinction chiefly through sufferings. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:22-23.

11:24 — St John Chrysostom: Repeated punishment demonstrates the cost of his apostolic service. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:24.

11:25 — St John Chrysostom: Danger accompanies apostolic work on land and at sea. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:25.

11:26 — St John Chrysostom: Enemies and false brothers create dangers throughout his journeys. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:26.

11:27 — St John Chrysostom: Deprivation and exhausting labor form part of his continuing service. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:27-28.

11:28 — St John Chrysostom: Concern for the churches adds an inward burden. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:27-28.

11:29 — St John Chrysostom: Paul personally shares the weakness and distress of others. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:29.

11:30 — St John Chrysostom: His chosen boast concerns trials rather than spectacular achievements. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:30.

11:31 — St John Chrysostom: He invokes God as witness to the account that follows. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:31-33.

11:32 — St John Chrysostom: The Damascus episode illustrates the hostility his ministry encountered. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:31-33.

11:33 — St John Chrysostom: Escape shows that faithful endurance does not require reckless exposure. Homily 25, on 2 Corinthians 11:31-33.

Chapter 12

Read 2 Corinthians 12 · Source guide

12:1 — St John Chrysostom: Trials are a safer ground for boasting than extraordinary revelations. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:1.

12:2 — St John Chrysostom: The long silence and indirect narration display Paul’s reluctance to boast. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:2-5.

12:3 — St John Chrysostom: Admitted uncertainty about the body’s role exemplifies modesty. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:2-5.

12:4 — St John Chrysostom: He connects the ascent with Paul’s standing alongside the other apostles. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:2-5.

12:5 — St John Chrysostom: The third-person account concerns Paul himself while avoiding overt self-praise. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:2-5.

12:6 — St John Chrysostom: Restraint prevents readers from forming an exaggerated estimate of Paul. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:6.

12:7 — St John Chrysostom: He interprets the thorn as hostile opponents rather than bodily illness. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:7.

12:8 — St John Chrysostom: He takes the repeated petition as an earnest appeal for relief. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:8.

12:9 — St John Chrysostom: Successful ministry amid persecution manifests the sufficiency of divine power. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:9.

12:10 — St John Chrysostom: The divine answer changes Paul’s attitude toward his trials. Homily 26, on 2 Corinthians 12:10.

12:11 — St John Chrysostom: The community’s situation has compelled this otherwise unwelcome self-defense. Homily 27, on 2 Corinthians 12:11.

12:12 — St John Chrysostom: Patience accompanies miraculous signs as evidence of apostolic ministry. Homily 27, on 2 Corinthians 12:12.

12:13 — St John Chrysostom: The request for forgiveness ironically defends ministry without financial burden. Homily 27, on 2 Corinthians 12:13.

12:14 — St John Chrysostom: Paul seeks their persons rather than their money, like a parent. Homily 27, on 2 Corinthians 12:14.

12:15 — St John Chrysostom: Pastoral love spends itself even when affection is poorly returned. Homily 27, on 2 Corinthians 12:15.

12:16 — St John Chrysostom: The allegation of crafty collection is anticipated and rebutted. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:16-18.

12:17 — St John Chrysostom: The Corinthians themselves can testify against claims of indirect exploitation. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:16-18.

12:18 — St John Chrysostom: Titus and Paul share the same Spirit and financial restraint. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:16-18.

12:19 — St John Chrysostom: Paul’s defense aims at their edification. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:19.

12:20 — St John Chrysostom: Concern softens the warning about the conduct Paul might discover. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:20.

12:21 — St John Chrysostom: The sins of others become an occasion of personal pastoral grief. Homily 28, on 2 Corinthians 12:21.

Chapter 13

Read 2 Corinthians 13 · Source guide

13:1 — St John Chrysostom: Repeated visits and warnings establish the seriousness of impending discipline. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:1.

13:2 — St John Chrysostom: Advance warning provides another opportunity for repentance. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:2.

13:3 — St John Chrysostom: The demanded proof of Christ’s power could bring unwanted disciplinary consequences. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:3-4.

13:4 — St John Chrysostom: Apparent weakness at the cross is compatible with divine power. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:3-4.

13:5 — St John Chrysostom: Christ’s presence in the converts also witnesses to their teacher’s ministry. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:5-6.

13:6 — St John Chrysostom: Their own faith supplies evidence of the apostle’s authenticity. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:5-6.

13:7 — St John Chrysostom: Paul prefers their good conduct to an opportunity for punitive vindication. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:7-9.

13:8 — St John Chrysostom: Apostolic power cannot rightly be used against those doing good. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:7-9.

13:9 — St John Chrysostom: He accepts apparent weakness if the community becomes strong and mature. Homily 29, on 2 Corinthians 13:7-9.

13:10 — St John Chrysostom: The written warning aims to prevent severity at the coming visit. Homily 30, on 2 Corinthians 13:10.

13:11 — St John Chrysostom: Repentance makes possible the joy, unity, and peace Paul commands. Homily 30, on 2 Corinthians 13:11.

13:12 — St John Chrysostom: The sincere kiss and distant saints’ greetings unite the community. Homily 30, on 2 Corinthians 13:12–13 (conventional numbering).

13:13 — St John Chrysostom: He reads the blessing as affirming the Spirit with Father and Son. Homily 30, on 2 Corinthians 13:14 (conventional numbering).

This companion supplies one verified patristic reception layer for 2 Corinthians. Further patristic, apostolic, devotional, and literary witnesses require separate verification.

Saints Translation · Reception companion to the liturgical reading edition · V1 · working draft awaiting specialist review.