1 Chronicles 5 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: 5:1, 5:4, 5:21
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Chapter 5
Hebrew source [H5] • Greek source [G5]
Reuben’s descendants (5:1–10)
Verse 5:1 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:1] The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn—for he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father's beds, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so that the genealogy was not reckoned by the birthright.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:1] The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn—for he was the firstborn, but when he went up upon his father's bed, he gave his blessing to his son Joseph, Israel's son, and he was not entered in the genealogy for the firstborn rights.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Hebrew transfers a birthright passively to Joseph's sons; Greek has an active giving of blessing to his son Joseph, with an uncertain subject. The recipients, generation, and benefit differ materially. The Greek pronouns are not replaced with names to resolve the difficulty.
Verse 5:2 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:2] For Judah prevailed among his brothers, and from him came a ruler, but the birthright belonged to Joseph.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:2] For Judah was mighty in strength among his brothers, and from him came a leader, but the blessing belonged to Joseph.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek again uses blessing rather than Hebrew birthright. Both distinguish Judah's leadership from Joseph's benefit; no later ruler is named in the translation.
Verse 5:3 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:3] The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:3] The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn: Enoch, Phallous, Arson, and Charmi.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The four descendants correspond through the source name forms. The repeated firstborn designation is retained after the explanatory interruption.
Verse 5:4 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:4] Joel's sons: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:4] Joel's sons: Semei and Banaia his son. The sons of Goug, Semei's son:
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: Hebrew gives the chain Shemaiah–Gog–Shimei. Greek names Semei and Banaia, then makes Goug a son of Semei before continuing his descendants. The names, order, and parentage structure differ substantially.
Verse 5:5 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:5] Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:5] his son Micha, his son Recha, his son Baal,
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Reaiah/Recha differs, and the chain attaches to the preceding source-specific genealogy rather than a harmonized common ancestor.
Verse 5:6 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:6] Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria exiled. He was prince of the Reubenite.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:6] his son Beera, whom Thaglathphalnasar king of Assour deported. He was ruler of the Reubenites.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The exile and tribal leadership correspond. The royal name is retained in each source's form rather than normalized to another spelling without notice.
Verse 5:7 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:7] His brothers by their families, when registered by their generations: the chief Jeiel, Zechariah,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:7] His brothers by his ancestral family, in their enrollments according to their generations: the ruler Joel, Zacharia,
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The chief's name is Jeiel in Hebrew and Joel in Greek. Greek uses enrollment language corresponding to Hebrew genealogical registration.
Verse 5:8 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:8] and Bela son of Azaz son of Shema son of Joel. He lived in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal-meon.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:8] and Balek son of Ozouz son of Sama son of Joel. He lived in Aroer, and toward Nabau and Beelmaon,
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Bela/Balek is the principal name difference. Hebrew gives an as-far-as boundary, Greek a toward construction for the latter places.
Verse 5:9 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:9] Eastward he lived as far as the approach to the wilderness from the River Euphrates, because their livestock had multiplied in Gilead's land.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:9] and eastward he lived as far as the approaches of the wilderness from the River Euphrates, because their livestock were numerous in Galaad's land.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: The pastoral reason and Euphrates reference agree. Greek's plural coming/approach idiom is compressed and rendered provisionally; no modern boundary is inferred.
Verse 5:10 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:10] In Saul's days they made war against the Hagrites, who fell into their hands. They settled in their tents throughout the whole region east of Gilead.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:10] In Saul's days they made war against the resident aliens, and they fell into their hands, dwelling in tents as far as all the east of Galaad.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek calls the opponents resident aliens rather than Hagrites and has a compressed dwelling participle where Hebrew clearly narrates subsequent settlement in their tents. The Greek subject and final extent phrase remain provisional.
Gad’s descendants (5:11–17)
Verse 5:11 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:11] Gad's sons lived opposite them in Bashan's land as far as Salcah.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:11] Gad's sons lived opposite them in Basan as far as Selcha.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The neighboring settlement and its eastern boundary correspond.
Verse 5:12 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:12] Joel was the chief, Shapham the second, with Janai and Shaphat in Bashan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:12] Joel was the firstborn, Sapham the second, and Jani the scribe in Basan.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew calls Joel chief; Greek firstborn. Hebrew lists Janai and Shaphat, while Greek has Jani the scribe, changing a named participant into an office designation.
Verse 5:13 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:13] Their brothers by their ancestral houses were Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jachan, Zia, and Eber, seven.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:13] Their brothers by their ancestral houses were Michael, Mosollam, Sebee, Joree, Jachan, Zoue, and Obed, seven.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The final name is Eber in Hebrew and Obed in Greek. Both retain seven names and the ancestral-house organization.
Verse 5:14 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:14] These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri son of Jaroah son of Gilead son of Michael son of Jeshishai son of Jahdo son of Buz.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:14] These were the sons of Abichail son of Uri son of Jidai son of Galaad son of Michael son of Isai son of Jouri son of Zaboucham,
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The ancestry includes substantial name differences, especially Jaroah/Jidai, Jahdo/Jouri, and Buz/Zaboucham. Greek continues the chain into the next unit rather than ending it here.
Verse 5:15 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:15] Ahi son of Abdiel son of Guni was head of their ancestral house.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:15] son of Abdiel son of Gouni, ruler of an ancestral house.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Hebrew introduces Ahi as a separate leader with two ancestors. Greek has no separate Ahi and continues its prior ancestry through Abdiel and Gouni. The resulting lineage and the ruler phrase's attachment remain distinct.
Verse 5:16 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:16] They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its dependent towns, and in all Sharon's pasturelands as far as their limits.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:16] They lived in Galaad, in Basan and their villages, and throughout Sharon's surrounding region as far as its outlet.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew specifies pasturelands and their limits; Greek a surrounding region and outlet. The main settlement names agree.
Verse 5:17 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:17] All of them were registered genealogically in the days of Jotham king of Judah and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:17] Their enrollment, all of them, was in the days of Joatham king of Judah and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: The two reigns agree; Greek uses enrollment rather than Hebrew's specifically genealogical verb.
The eastern tribes: war and exile (5:18–26)
Verse 5:18 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:18] The sons of Reuben, the Gadite, and half Manasseh's tribe had valiant men who carried shield and sword, drew the bow, and were trained for war: forty-four thousand seven hundred sixty who went out to battle.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:18] The sons of Reuben and Gad and half Manasseh's tribe had men of strength who carried shields and sword, drew the bow, and were taught war: forty-four thousand seven hundred sixty who went out to the battle line.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both give the same total, weapons, and military training, with no unit or troop number altered.
Verse 5:19 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:19] They made war against the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:19] They made war against the Hagarenes, Ituraeans, Naphisaeans, and Nadabaeans,
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Greek gives explicit ethnic-group forms corresponding to the Hebrew tribal names. Both name four opponents.
Verse 5:20 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:20] They were helped against them, and the Hagrites and all who were with them were given into their hands. For they cried to God in the battle, and He answered their plea because they trusted in Him.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:20] and they prevailed over them, and the Hagaraeans and all their tents were given into their hands. For they cried to God in the battle, and He listened to them because they hoped in Him.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew says they were helped and includes all the enemy's companions; Greek says they prevailed and includes all their tents. Both connect the answer to reliance upon God.
Verse 5:21 Disparate
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:21] They captured their livestock: fifty thousand camels, two hundred fifty thousand sheep, two thousand donkeys, and one hundred thousand human lives.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:21] They captured their baggage: five thousand camels, two hundred fifty thousand sheep, two thousand donkeys, and one hundred thousand human lives.
Classification & Notes
Disparate. Text: The captured camels differ tenfold, fifty thousand in Hebrew and five thousand in Greek, materially changing the stated scale of the booty. Greek's opening noun is baggage rather than livestock. The other three totals agree, including the human captives.
Verse 5:22 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:22] Many fell slain, for the war was from God. They settled in their place until the exile.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:22] Many fell wounded, for the war was from God. They settled in their place until the deportation.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Hebrew specifies slain people; Greek uses wounded people, though falling in battle may imply fatal injury. Both attribute the war to God and retain settlement until exile; no certain survival contrast is inferred.
Verse 5:23 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:23] The sons of half Manasseh's tribe lived in the land from Bashan to Baal-hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon. They were numerous.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:23] The half of Manasseh's tribe lived in the land from Basan to Baalermon, Sanir, and Mount Aermon, and they multiplied in Lebanon.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek adds Lebanon as the setting of their increase. Hebrew gives the increase without that location.
Verse 5:24 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:24] These were the heads of their ancestral houses: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty warriors, men of renown, heads of their ancestral houses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:24] These were the chiefs of their ancestral houses: Opher, Isei, Eliel, Esdriel, Jermia, Odouia, and Jediel, men mighty in strength, renowned men, rulers of their ancestral houses.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Azriel/Esdriel is a substantive name difference; both list seven leaders and repeat their ancestral-house authority.
Verse 5:25 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:25] They acted unfaithfully toward their fathers' God and went whoring after the gods of the peoples of the land whom God had destroyed before them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:25] They broke faith with their fathers' God and went whoring after the gods of the peoples of the land whom God had removed from before them.
Classification & Notes
Similar. Text: Both use the sexual-infidelity image for apostasy and identify God, not the divine name, in this verse. Hebrew destroyed is stronger than Greek removed.
Verse 5:26 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:26] Israel's God stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria. He exiled them, the Reubenite, the Gadite, and half Manasseh's tribe, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the River Gozan, to this day.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:26] Israel's God stirred up the spirit of Phaloch king of Assour and the spirit of Thaglathphalnasar king of Assour. He deported Reuben, the Gaddite, and half Manasseh's tribe, and brought them to Chalach, Chabor, and the River Gozan, to this day.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Greek lacks Hara and names Phaloch where Hebrew has Pul. Both have a singular subject for deporting after the divine stirring of the kings; whether this refers to God causally or the executing king is not settled by capitalization at the sentence opening.
The priestly ancestry (5:27–41)
Verse 5:27 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:27] Levi's sons: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:27] Levi's sons: Gedson, Kaath, and Merari.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Gershon/Gedson is retained independently. In the declared source numbering, the priestly genealogy begins at 5:27; this is familiar English 6:1. No verse is omitted by retaining the source chapter boundary.
Verse 5:28 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:28] Kohath's sons: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:28] Kaath's sons: Ambram, Issaar, Hebron, and Oziel.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The four sons correspond through the source forms; source 5:28 corresponds to familiar English 6:2.
Verse 5:29 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:29] Amram's sons: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. Aaron's sons: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:29] Ambram's sons: Aaron, Moses, and Mariam. Aaron's sons: Nadab, Abioud, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: Greek names Abioud where Hebrew has Abihu. Both retain Miriam within the first sons list and four entries in Aaron's list.
Verse 5:30 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:30] Eleazar fathered Phinehas, and Phinehas fathered Abishua.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:30] Eleazar fathered Phinees, and Phinees fathered Abisou.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond.
Verse 5:31 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:31] Abishua fathered Bukki, and Bukki fathered Uzzi.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:31] Abisou fathered Bokai, and Bokai fathered Ozi.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond through the source forms.
Verse 5:32 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:32] Uzzi fathered Zerahiah, and Zerahiah fathered Meraioth.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:32] Ozi fathered Zaraia, and Zaraia fathered Mariel.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The final ancestor is Meraioth in Hebrew and Mariel in Greek.
Verse 5:33 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:33] Meraioth fathered Amariah, and Amariah fathered Ahitub.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:33] Mariel fathered Amariah, and Amariah fathered Achitob.
Classification & Notes
Different. Text: The Meraioth/Mariel distinction continues; the following two generations correspond.
Verse 5:34 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:34] Ahitub fathered Zadok, and Zadok fathered Ahimaaz.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:34] Achitob fathered Sadok, and Sadok fathered Achimaas.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond.
Verse 5:35 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:35] Ahimaaz fathered Azariah, and Azariah fathered Johanan.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:35] Achimaas fathered Azariah, and Azariah fathered Joanan.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond.
Verse 5:36 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:36] Johanan fathered Azariah, who served as priest in the house Solomon built in Jerusalem.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:36] Joanas fathered Azariah, who served as priest in the house Solomon built in Jerusalem.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both attach priestly service in Solomon's house to Azariah; no further identification among repeated names is inserted.
Verse 5:37 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:37] Azariah fathered Amariah, and Amariah fathered Ahitub.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:37] Azariah fathered Amariah, and Amariah fathered Achitob.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: Both retain this further occurrence of the priestly names without collapsing it into the earlier sequence.
Verse 5:38 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:38] Ahitub fathered Zadok, and Zadok fathered Shallum.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:38] Achitob fathered Sadok, and Sadok fathered Salom.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond through the source forms.
Verse 5:39 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:39] Shallum fathered Hilkiah, and Hilkiah fathered Azariah.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:39] Salom fathered Chelkias, and Chelkias fathered Azariah.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The two priestly generations correspond.
Verse 5:40 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:40] Azariah fathered Seraiah, and Seraiah fathered Jehozadak.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:40] Azariah fathered Saraias, and Saraias fathered Josadak.
Classification & Notes
Same. Text: The final two priestly generations correspond.
Verse 5:41 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
[5:41] Jehozadak went away when YHWH exiled Judah and Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar's hand.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
[5:41] Josadak went in the deportation with Judah and Jerusalem by Nabouchodonosor's hand.
Classification & Notes
Divergent. Text: Hebrew explicitly makes YHWH the agent of exile through the Babylonian king. Greek lacks that divine-agent clause and says Josadak went with Judah and Jerusalem. This source verse corresponds to familiar English 6:15.