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Exodus 12 — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints-Translation_Exodus-1-20_V2

Same 18 Similar 14 Different 17 Divergent 2 Disparate 0

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Chapter 12

The Institution of Passover

Verse 12:1 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

1 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:2 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

2 “This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of the year for you.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:2 “This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of the year for you.

Classification & Notes

Same — Head/beginning is an ordinary idiomatic correspondence [H12; G12].
Rabbinic: Rashi on 12:2 combines instruction about recognizing the new moon with the plain calendrical sense: this month begins the numbered sequence of the year’s months [R12].

Verse 12:3 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

3 “Speak to the whole congregation of Israel, saying: On the tenth day of this month, each man shall take an animal from the flock for his ancestral household, one animal for each household.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:3 “Speak to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, saying: On the tenth day of this month, each shall take a sheep for the ancestral households, one sheep for each household.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Hebrew seh can denote a sheep or goat, as verse 5 specifies. Greek uses sheep here but likewise permits lambs or kids in verse 5 [H12; G12].

Verse 12:4 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

4 “If the household is too small for an animal, he and the neighbor nearest his house shall take one according to the number of persons. You shall reckon each person’s share according to what he can eat.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:4 “If those in the house are too few to be sufficient for a sheep, he shall join with his nearest neighbor. According to the number of persons, each person’s sufficient portion shall be reckoned for the sheep.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Both reckon household size and individual consumption; Greek does not introduce an unrelated economic qualification [H12; G12].

Verse 12:5 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

5 “Your animal shall be without blemish, a male a year old. You shall take it from the sheep or the goats.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:5 “Your sheep shall be unblemished, a male a year old. You shall take it from the lambs or the kids.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Unblemished describes the animal’s fitness for this offering. It does not directly attribute moral virtue to the animal [H12; G12].

Verse 12:6 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

6 “You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. The whole assembled congregation of Israel shall slaughter it between the evenings.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:6 “You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. The whole multitude of the congregation of the sons of Israel shall slaughter it toward evening.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew’s between the evenings is retained as a timing idiom requiring interpretation; Greek has toward evening [H12; G12].

Verse 12:7 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

7 “They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:7 “They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat them.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek has plural them, referring to the animals or their portions; Hebrew uses singular it [G12].

Verse 12:8 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

8 “They shall eat the meat that night, roasted over fire, with unleavened bread; they shall eat it with bitter herbs.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:8 “They shall eat the meat that night, roasted over fire, and eat unleavened bread with bitter herbs.

Classification & Notes

Same — The meal’s components agree [H12; G12].

Verse 12:9 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

9 “Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted over fire, its head with its legs and its inner parts.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:9 “Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted over fire, its head with its legs and its inner parts.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:10 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

10 “You shall leave none of it until morning. Whatever remains until morning you shall burn with fire.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:10 “You shall leave none of it until morning, and you shall not break a bone of it. Whatever remains until morning you shall burn with fire.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — Greek includes the unbroken-bone rule here. RH uses active second-person commands. Both sources give the bone rule again at 12:46.

Verse 12:11 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

11 “This is how you shall eat it: with your waist belted, sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You shall eat it in haste. It is YHWH’s Passover.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:11 “This is how you shall eat it: with your waists belted, sandals on your feet, and staffs in your hands. You shall eat it in haste. It is a Passover to the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Same — Singular distributive and plural expressions describe the same readiness for departure [H12; G12].
Saints: In 1 Corinthians 5:7–8, Paul identifies Christ with the Passover sacrifice and applies unleavened-bread imagery to sincerity and truth. This is typological and moral application [S6].

Verse 12:12 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

12 “I will pass through the land of Egypt that night and strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both human and animal. Against all Egypt’s gods I will execute judgments. I am YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:12 “I will go through the land of Egypt that night and strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both human and animal. Against all the Egyptians’ gods I will execute vengeance. I am the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Different — Judgments/vengeance differs in emphasis [H12; G12]. The divine claim and objects of judgment agree.

Verse 12:13 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

13 “The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. I will see the blood and pass over you. No plague shall destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:13 “The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. I will see the blood and shelter you. No plague shall destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek explicitly says shelter, skepasō [G12]. Hebrew pasaḥ is rendered pass over here, with sparing or protection evident in the context [H12]. Different images do not require opposing accounts of deliverance.
Rabbinic: Rashi on 12:13 reports a sparing or pity interpretation, while preferring the image of skipping past Israelite houses among Egyptian houses. His discussion preserves more than one explanation of the verb [R12].

The Festival of Unleavened Bread

Verse 12:14 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

14 “This day shall be a memorial for you. You shall celebrate it as a feast to YHWH throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it as a perpetual statute.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:14 “This day shall be a memorial for you. You shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord throughout all your generations; you shall celebrate it as a perpetual statute.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:15 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

15 “You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days. On the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day through the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:15 “You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days. From the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. Whoever eats leaven from the first day through the seventh day, that person shall be destroyed from among Israel.

Classification & Notes

Different — Cut off/destroyed preserves the different penalty language [H12; G12]. Neither English phrase alone resolves how the sanction is imposed. Person translates nephesh/psychē in this context.

Verse 12:16 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

16 “On the first day you shall have a holy assembly, and on the seventh day a holy assembly. No work shall be done on them, except preparing what each person must eat; that alone may be done for you.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:16 “The first day shall be called holy, and the seventh day shall be a holy appointed day for you. You shall do no servile work on them, except what must be done for each person; that alone may be done for you.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek uses holy-day language and servile work; its exception does not explicitly repeat eating [G12]. The meal context informs the comparison without adding eating to the Greek column.

Verse 12:17 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

17 “You shall observe the Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. You shall observe this day throughout your generations as a perpetual statute.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:17 “You shall keep this commandment, for on this day I will bring your host out of the land of Egypt. You shall observe this day throughout your generations as a perpetual statute.

Classification & Notes

Different — Unleavened Bread/this commandment and brought/will bring differ [H12; G12]. Hebrew already presents a binding observance; Greek does not create its legal force from nothing.

Verse 12:18 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

18 “In the first month, from the evening of the fourteenth day of the month until the evening of the twenty-first day, you shall eat unleavened bread.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:18 “Beginning on the fourteenth day of the first month, from evening until the evening of the twenty-first day of the month, you shall eat unleavened bread.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:19 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

19 “For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened, that person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether a sojourner or a native of the land.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:19 “For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened, that person shall be destroyed from among the congregation of Israel, whether a sojourner or a native of the land.

Classification & Notes

Different — The penalty wording differs as in verse 15. Greek giōrai is a term for sojourners; it need not be expanded into a complete later conversion procedure [H12; G12].

Verse 12:20 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

20 “You shall eat nothing leavened. In all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:20 “You shall eat nothing leavened. In all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.”

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

The Lord’s Final Warning

Verse 12:21 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

21 Moses called all Israel’s elders and said to them, “Select and take animals from the flock for your families, and slaughter the Passover.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:21 Moses called the whole council of elders of the sons of Israel and said to them, “Go and take a sheep for your families, and slaughter the Passover.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Council of elders renders gerousia without recasting Israel’s leadership as a specific Greek state institution [G12]. Passover here includes the sacrificial animal.

Verse 12:22 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

22 “Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:22 “Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood beside the door, and touch the lintel and both doorposts with the blood beside the door. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew bas-saf is rendered in the basin; Greek twice locates the blood beside the door [H12; G12]. This wording does not itself say precisely where the animal was slaughtered.

Verse 12:23 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

23 “YHWH will pass through to strike Egypt. He will see the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts, and YHWH will pass over the doorway. He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:23 “The Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians. He will see the blood on the lintel and both doorposts, and the Lord will pass by the doorway. He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek here uses pass by, unlike shelter in verses 13 and 27 [G12]. Both explicitly prevent the destroyer from entering.

Verse 12:24 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

24 “You shall observe this matter as a statute for you and your sons forever.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:24 “You shall keep this word as a statute for you and your sons forever.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:25 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

25 “When you enter the land that YHWH will give you, as He has promised, you shall keep this service.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:25 “When you enter the land that the Lord gives you, as He has spoken, you shall keep this service.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:26 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

26 “When your sons say to you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:26 “When your sons say to you, ‘What is this service?’

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek lacks the question’s final to you [H12; G12]. Later interpretation of that phrase must not be imported into the shorter Greek question.

Verse 12:27 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

27 “you shall say, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to YHWH, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He struck Egypt and delivered our houses.’” The people bowed down and worshiped.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:27 “you shall say to them, ‘This Passover is a sacrifice to the Lord, because He sheltered the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our houses.’” The people bowed down and worshiped.

Classification & Notes

Different — Pass over/shelter repeats the difference in verse 13. Both state deliverance [H12; G12]. The narrative resumes with the people’s response after the speech.

Verse 12:28 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

28 The sons of Israel went and did so. As YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:28 The sons of Israel went and did so. As the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH includes both Moses and Aaron in the compliance formula, corresponding to Hebrew.

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

Verse 12:29 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

29 At midnight YHWH struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive in the dungeon, and every firstborn of the livestock.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:29 At midnight the Lord struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on the throne to the firstborn of the captive woman in the pit, and the firstborn of every animal of the livestock.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek specifies a female captive but has pit, lakkos, not V1’s stronghold [G12; G12b]. Hebrew likewise uses the pit image in its expression for the dungeon [H12].

Verse 12:30 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

30 Pharaoh rose during the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. There was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house without someone dead.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:30 Pharaoh rose during the night, with all his attendants and all the Egyptians. There was a great cry throughout the land of Egypt, for there was no house without someone dead.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek expands the location to throughout the land; the household loss agrees [G12].

Verse 12:31 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

31 He called Moses and Aaron during the night and said, “Rise, leave my people, both you and the sons of Israel! Go, serve YHWH, as you have said.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:31 Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron during the night and said to them, “Rise and leave my people, both you and the sons of Israel! Go, serve the Lord your God, as you say.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek names Pharaoh and has the Lord your God [G12]. The longer title is preserved without claiming that Pharaoh has formally embraced a later creed.

Verse 12:32 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

32 “Take your flocks and your herds as you have said, and go. Bless me also.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:32 “Take your sheep and your cattle, and go. Bless me also.”

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek lacks as you have said [G12].

Verse 12:33 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

33 The Egyptians pressed the people to leave the land quickly, for they said, “We are all dead!”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:33 The Egyptians pressed the people hard to drive them quickly out of the land, for they said, “We are all dying!”

Classification & Notes

Similar — The cries express impending death with different verbal forms. Neither should be treated as a literal report that every speaker is already dead [H12; G12].

Verse 12:34 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

34 The people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped in their garments on their shoulders.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:34 The people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneaded batches wrapped in their garments on their shoulders.

Classification & Notes

Different — Kneading bowls/kneaded batches preserves the distinct descriptions [H12; G12].

Verse 12:35 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

35 The sons of Israel did as Moses had said. They asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and for clothing.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:35 The sons of Israel did as Moses had instructed them. They asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and for clothing.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:36 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

36 YHWH gave the people favor in the Egyptians’ sight, and they granted their requests. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:36 The Lord gave His people favor in the Egyptians’ sight, and they lent to them. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek explicitly uses lent; Hebrew’s causative asking expression is rendered granted their requests [H12; G12]. The verse does not specify repayment or identify the transfer as calculated back wages.

The Exodus

Verse 12:37 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

37 The sons of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides the little ones.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:37 The sons of Israel departed from Rameses for Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, apart from the household company.

Classification & Notes

Different — Household company renders Greek aposkeuē, a collective including dependents and baggage in this setting [G12]. The shared number is retained without a new demographic reconstruction.

Verse 12:38 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

38 A mixed multitude also went up with them, together with flocks and herds, a very great quantity of livestock.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:38 A great mixed multitude also went up with them, together with sheep and cattle and very many livestock.

Classification & Notes

Same — Both include a mixed company and abundant animals; the Greek list is retained [G12].

Verse 12:39 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

39 They baked the dough they had brought from Egypt into unleavened cakes, because it was not leavened. They had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay; nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:39 They baked the dough they had brought from Egypt into unleavened hearth-cakes, because it was not leavened. The Egyptians had driven them out, and they could not stay; nor had they prepared provisions for the journey.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek names the expelling agent, specifies hearth-cakes, and says for the journey [G12].

Verse 12:40 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

40 The time the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:40 The time the sons of Israel lived in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan was four hundred and thirty years.

Classification & Notes

Different — RH includes Canaan, changing the stated geographical scope. Both selected sources state four hundred thirty years. The provisional webpage’s four hundred thirty-five is superseded. [H12; G12]

Verse 12:41 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

41 At the end of four hundred and thirty years, on that very day, all YHWH’s hosts went out from the land of Egypt.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:41 After the four hundred and thirty years, all the Lord’s host went out from the land of Egypt.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — RH has the four-hundred-thirty-year period and the departure of the Lord’s host but lacks Hebrew’s on that very day. Its night-watch notice follows in verse 42. [H12; G12]

Verse 12:42 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

42 It was a night of watching for YHWH, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This same night is a night of watching for YHWH for all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:42 It is a night vigil for the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This same night is a vigil for the Lord for all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Watching/vigil preserves both texts’ observance and protection imagery. RH places this night-watch notice in verse 42; the selected text is followed throughout verses 40–42. [H12; G12]

The Instructions about the Passover

Verse 12:43 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

43 YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the law of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it.

Classification & Notes

Same — The participation rules continue through verse 49. Verse 48 must be considered before making ancestry alone an absolute barrier.

Verse 12:44 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

44 “Every man’s slave bought with money, after you have circumcised him, may eat of it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:44 “Every household slave or one bought with money, you shall circumcise; then he may eat of it.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek connects the two descriptions with or [G12]. Slavery is explicit in this purchase context; a gentler household-service term should not hide it.

Verse 12:45 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

45 “A resident alien and a hired worker shall not eat of it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:45 “A resident alien or a hired worker shall not eat of it.

Classification & Notes

Same — The conjunction differs without changing the listed exclusions. Compare the circumcised sojourner in verse 48.

Verse 12:46 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

46 “It shall be eaten in one house. You shall not take any of the meat outside the house, and you shall not break a bone of it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:46 “It shall be eaten in one house. You shall not take any of the meat outside the house, and you shall not break a bone of it.

Classification & Notes

Same — Both have plural you in the unbroken-bone command; V1 incorrectly called the Hebrew singular [H12; G12]. The preceding carrying command is singular in Hebrew and plural in Greek.
Saints: John 19:36 applies a scriptural statement about unbroken bones to Jesus’ death. The Passover rule here is a relevant parallel, alongside Numbers 9:12 and Psalm 34:20; John’s sentence is not a verbatim reproduction of this entire verse [S7].

Verse 12:47 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

47 “The whole congregation of Israel shall observe it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:47 “The whole congregation of the sons of Israel shall observe it.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek explicitly includes sons of [G12].

Verse 12:48 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

48 “If a sojourner lives with you and wishes to observe the Passover to YHWH, let every male belonging to him be circumcised. Then he may approach to observe it, and he shall be as a native of the land. No uncircumcised person shall eat of it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:48 “If a sojourner comes to you to observe the Passover to the Lord, you shall circumcise every male belonging to him. Then he may approach to observe it, and he shall be as a native of the land. No uncircumcised person shall eat of it.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek prosēlytos is rendered sojourner in this law; approach and circumcision describe the participation required here [G12]. Later proselyte terminology should be explained separately.

Verse 12:49 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

49 “There shall be one law for the native and for the sojourner who lives among you.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:49 “There shall be one law for the native and for the sojourner who has come among you.”

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 12:50 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

50 All the sons of Israel did so. As YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:50 The sons of Israel did so. As the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron concerning them, so they did.

Classification & Notes

Similar — The closing command has the additional concerning them in Greek [G12].

Verse 12:51 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

51 On that very day YHWH brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

12:51 On that day the Lord brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt with their host.

Classification & Notes

Same — Hosts/host renders the organized company in context, without converting the Greek collective into an abstract supernatural power [G12].