PastorDaily provision

Exodus 16 — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints-Translation_Exodus-1-20_V2

Same 13 Similar 8 Different 13 Divergent 2 Disparate 0

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Chapter 16

The Lord Provides Bread

Verse 16:1 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

1 They journeyed from Elim, and the whole congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after leaving the land of Egypt.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:1 They journeyed from Elim, and the whole congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after leaving the land of Egypt.

Classification & Notes

Same — Both contain the congregation, route, and date [H16; G16]. V1 incorrectly treated the corporate wording as Greek-only.

Verse 16:2 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

2 The whole congregation of the sons of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:2 The whole congregation of the sons of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — Greek lacks the final in the wilderness in this verse [G16]. The setting remains explicit in the surrounding passage.

Verse 16:3 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

3 The sons of Israel said to them, “If only we had died by YHWH’s hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the meat pots and ate our fill of bread! You have brought us into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:3 The sons of Israel said to them, “If only we had died, struck by the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the meat pots and ate our fill of bread! You have brought us into this wilderness to kill this whole congregation with hunger.”

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek specifies being struck; Hebrew has the hand image [H16; G16]. Neither clause names a particular plague.

Verse 16:4 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

4 YHWH said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you. The people shall go out and gather each day’s portion, so that I may test whether they will walk in My law or not.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:4 The Lord said to Moses, “Behold, I am raining bread from heaven for you. The people shall go out and gather each day’s portion, so that I may test whether they will walk in My law or not.

Classification & Notes

Similar — The announcement’s verbal form differs; the provision and test agree [H16; G16].
Saints: John 6:31–35 recalls the manna and develops the identification of Jesus as the bread of life. The discourse draws on scriptural bread-from-heaven language; its quoted sentence is not identical to this whole Exodus verse [S9].

Verse 16:5 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

5 “On the sixth day they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice what they gather each day.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:5 “On the sixth day they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice what they gather each day.”

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:6 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

6 Moses and Aaron said to all the sons of Israel, “In the evening you shall know that YHWH brought you out of the land of Egypt,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:6 Moses and Aaron said to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, “In the evening you shall know that the Lord brought you out of the land of Egypt,

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek explicitly includes congregation [G16].

Verse 16:7 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

7 “and in the morning you shall see YHWH’s glory, because He has heard your grumbling against YHWH. What are we, that you grumble against us?”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:7 “and in the morning you shall see the Lord’s glory, when He hears your grumbling against God. What are we, that you grumble against us?”

Classification & Notes

Different — The second divine designation is YHWH/God [H16; G16].

The Lord Provides Meat

Verse 16:8 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

8 Moses said, “This will happen when YHWH gives you meat to eat in the evening and bread to satisfy you in the morning, because YHWH has heard your grumbling against Him. What are we? Your grumbling is against YHWH, not against us.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:8 Moses said, “This will happen when the Lord gives you meat to eat in the evening and bread to satisfy you in the morning, because the Lord has heard your grumbling against us. What are we? Your grumbling is against God, not against us.”

Classification & Notes

Different — The middle clause has Him/us; the final designation is YHWH/God [H16; G16]. This will happen supplies the implied connection to verses 6–7 in both.

Verse 16:9 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

9 Moses said to Aaron, “Tell the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘Come near before YHWH, for He has heard your grumbling.’”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:9 Moses said to Aaron, “Tell the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘Come near before God, for He has heard your grumbling.’”

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew has YHWH; Greek has God [G16].

Verse 16:10 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

10 As Aaron spoke to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, they turned toward the wilderness, and behold, YHWH’s glory appeared in the cloud.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:10 As Aaron spoke to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, they turned toward the wilderness, and the Lord’s glory appeared in a cloud.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:11 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

11 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:11 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:12 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

12 “I have heard the sons of Israel’s grumbling. Tell them: Between the evenings you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall have your fill of bread. You shall know that I am YHWH your God.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:12 “I have heard the sons of Israel’s grumbling. Tell them: Toward evening you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall have your fill of bread. You shall know that I am the Lord your God.”

Classification & Notes

Different — The timing idiom follows the distinction at 12:6 [H16; G16].

Verse 16:13 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

13 In the evening quail came up and covered the camp. In the morning a layer of dew lay around the camp.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:13 Evening came, and quail came up and covered the camp. In the morning, as the dew around the camp was subsiding,

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek begins the dew’s subsiding here and carries the sentence into verse 14; Hebrew places the lifting dew in verse 14 [H16; G16]. Quail is retained provisionally for ortygomētra; the word’s components do not establish a leader bird or flock size.

Verse 16:14 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

14 When the layer of dew lifted, there on the wilderness surface was a fine, flake-like substance, fine as frost on the ground.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:14 there on the wilderness surface was something fine, like white coriander, like frost on the ground.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek includes the coriander comparison already here, not V1’s repeated fine flakes [G16; G16b]. Hebrew’s rare texture word is rendered flake-like provisionally [H16].

Verse 16:15 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

15 When the sons of Israel saw it, they said to one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them, “It is the bread YHWH has given you to eat.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:15 When the sons of Israel saw it, they said to one another, “What is this?” For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them, “This is the bread the Lord has given you to eat.

Classification & Notes

Same — Hebrew man hu is rendered as the question required by the following explanation and linked to the name man in verse 31 [H16]. Greek makes the question explicit [G16].

Verse 16:16 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

16 “This is what YHWH commanded: Gather from it, each according to what he can eat, an omer per person according to your number. Each shall take it for those in his tent.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:16 “This is what the Lord commanded: Gather from it, each for those belonging to him, an omer per person according to your number. Each shall gather with your tent companions.”

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek’s masculine plural tous kathēkontas is taken as persons belonging to the gatherer; it is not the neuter what is needed used in verse 22 [G16]. Greek also has with your tent companions.

Verse 16:17 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

17 The sons of Israel did so and gathered, some much and some little.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:17 The sons of Israel did so and gathered, some much and some little.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:18 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

18 They measured it by the omer. The one who gathered much had no excess, and the one who gathered little had no lack. Each gathered according to what he could eat.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:18 They measured it by the omer. The one with much had no excess, and the one with little had no lack. Each gathered for those belonging to his household.

Classification & Notes

Different — The final clause follows the personal construction noted at verse 16 [G16]. The balanced no-excess/no-lack statement agrees.
Saints: Paul quotes the no-excess/no-lack statement in 2 Corinthians 8:15 when urging material sharing between communities. This is quotation applied to a new communal setting [S10].

Verse 16:19 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

19 Moses said to them, “Let no one leave any of it until morning.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:19 Moses said to them, “Let no one leave any of it until morning.”

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:20 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

20 They did not listen to Moses. Some left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank. Moses was angry with them.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:20 They did not listen to Moses. Some left part of it until morning, and it swarmed with worms and stank. Moses was embittered against them.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek uses the vivid swarming or seething image and an embittered response [G16].

Verse 16:21 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

21 They gathered it morning by morning, each according to what he could eat. When the sun grew hot, it melted.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:21 They gathered it morning by morning, each what he needed. When the sun grew hot, it melted.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH includes morning by morning and each person’s needed portion, corresponding to Hebrew; the shorter provisional webpage is superseded.

The Sabbath Observed

Verse 16:22 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

22 On the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers per person. All the congregation’s leaders came and reported it to Moses.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:22 On the sixth day they gathered twice what was needed, two omers per person. All the congregation’s leaders came in and reported it to Moses.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek has what was needed rather than explicitly repeating bread [G16]. The quantity agrees.

Verse 16:23 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

23 He said to them, “This is what YHWH spoke: Tomorrow is a solemn rest, a holy Sabbath to YHWH. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil. Set aside all that remains to keep until morning.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:23 Moses said to them, “This is the word the Lord spoke: Tomorrow is a Sabbath, a holy rest to the Lord. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil. Set aside all that remains to keep until morning.”

Classification & Notes

Similar — RH explicitly names Moses as speaker and makes a statement about what the Lord spoke. Both distinguish baking from boiling and preserve the Sabbath-rest instruction.

Verse 16:24 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

24 They set it aside until morning, as Moses commanded. It did not stink, and no worm was in it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:24 They left some of it until morning, as Moses instructed them. It did not stink, and no worm was in it.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:25 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

25 Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to YHWH. Today you will not find it in the field.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:25 Moses said, “Eat today, for today is a Sabbath to the Lord. It will not be found in the field.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek has the passive will not be found and does not repeat the final today [G16].

Verse 16:26 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

26 “You shall gather it for six days, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be none.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:26 “You shall gather for six days, but the seventh day is a Sabbath; there will be none on it.”

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:27 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

27 On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather, but they found none.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:27 On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather, but they found none.

Classification & Notes

Same — The corresponding meaning and content agree.

Verse 16:28 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

28 YHWH said to Moses, “How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and My laws?

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:28 The Lord said to Moses, “How long will you be unwilling to heed My commandments and My law?

Classification & Notes

Similar — You is plural in the rebuke despite its address to Moses. Greek has singular law [H16; G16].

Verse 16:29 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

29 “See, YHWH has given you the Sabbath. Therefore on the sixth day He gives you bread for two days. Each of you shall remain where he is; no one shall go out from his place on the seventh day.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:29 “See, the Lord has given you this day, the Sabbath. Therefore on the sixth day He gave you bread for two days. Each of you shall stay in your houses; no one shall go out from his place on the seventh day.”

Classification & Notes

Different — RH identifies this day as the Sabbath and specifies remaining in one’s houses; Hebrew says one’s place. The context is manna gathering.

Verse 16:30 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

30 The people rested on the seventh day.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:30 The people kept Sabbath on the seventh day.

Classification & Notes

Same — Hebrew shavat and Greek sabbatizō express the same Sabbath rest in context [H16; G16]. A shared word family alone is not an exact New Testament quotation.

Verse 16:31 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

31 The house of Israel called it Man. It was like coriander seed, white, and tasted like wafers with honey.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:31 The sons of Israel called it Man. It was like coriander seed, white, and tasted like a cake with honey.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Man preserves the source name, conventionally manna in English. House/sons and wafers/cake differ [H16; G16]. Subsequent running references use familiar manna.

Verse 16:32 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

32 Moses said, “This is what YHWH commanded: ‘Keep an omerful of it throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:32 Moses said, “This is what the Lord commanded: Fill an omer with manna to keep throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread you ate in the wilderness when the Lord brought you out of the land of Egypt.”

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew presents God’s first-person feeding and bringing out; Greek uses you ate and the Lord brought you out [H16; G16]. Quotation punctuation follows the respective speech structure.

Verse 16:33 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

33 Moses said to Aaron, “Take one jar, put an omerful of manna in it, and set it before YHWH to keep throughout your generations.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:33 Moses said to Aaron, “Take one golden jar, put an omerful of manna in it, and set it before God to keep throughout your generations.”

Classification & Notes

Divergent — Greek specifies golden and has God [G16]. Gold supplements an unspecified material in Hebrew; it does not contradict it.
Saints: Hebrews 9:4 likewise describes the manna container as golden. The corresponding detail is evidence of reception, not a direct quotation proving a single Exodus textual history [S11].

Verse 16:34 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

34 As YHWH commanded Moses, Aaron set it before the Testimony to keep.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:34 As the Lord instructed Moses, Aaron set it before the Testimony to keep.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH says before the Testimony, corresponding to Hebrew; the provisional webpage’s before God is superseded.

Verse 16:35 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

35 The sons of Israel ate manna for forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:35 The sons of Israel ate manna for forty years, until they came to the inhabited land. They ate manna until they reached the region of Phoenicia.

Classification & Notes

Different — Canaan/Phoenicia and border/region are retained [H16; G16]. The geographical terminology does not by itself determine a different route.

Verse 16:36 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth(Rabbinic Priority)

36 An omer is one-tenth of an ephah.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth(Saints Priority)

16:36 An omer was one-tenth of the three measures.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew names the ephah; Greek describes three measures [H16; G16]. No modern volume or unnamed unit is inserted into the translation.