Proverbs — Hebrew and Greek compared · Part 2

MinisterCompassionate judgment

Proverbs 19 — Wealth, compassion, family, and correction — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation — Proverbs 1–31 [V1]

Same 2 Similar 7 Different 10 Divergent 7 Disparate 3

Disparate in this chapter: H 19:7, H 19:13, H 19:23

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Proverbs 19 — Wealth, compassion, family, and correction

19:1–19:9 — Poverty, friendship, and truthful witness

Verse H 19:1 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:1

Better a poor person walking in his integrity

than one crooked in his lips who is a fool.

Greek–English (G)

G —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Greek main text.]

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: No G 19:1 entry is displayed.

Verse H 19:2 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:2

Even an appetite without knowledge is not good,

and one hasty with his feet misses the way.

Greek–English (G)

G —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Greek main text.]

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: No G 19:2 entry is displayed. H nephesh may denote the person, life, or appetite; 'appetite' is contextual. The final sin or missing verb fits rash action without knowledge.

Verse H 19:3 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:3

A person's folly twists his way,

but his heart rages against YHWH.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:3

A man's foolishness ruins his ways,

but in his heart he blames God.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both expose blaming God for consequences of one's own folly; the divine designation differs.

Verse H 19:4 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:4

Wealth adds many companions,

but the poor person is separated from his companion.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:4

Wealth adds many friends,

but the poor person is abandoned even by the friend he has.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G explicitly emphasizes the loss of an existing friend.

Verse H 19:5 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:5

A false witness will not go unpunished,

and one who breathes lies will not escape.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:5

A false witness will not be unpunished,

and one who accuses unjustly will not escape.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G specifies unjust accusation, while H describes breathing lies.

Verse H 19:6 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:6

Many seek the favor of a noble person,

and everyone is a companion to a man of gifts.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:6

Many attend the faces of kings,

but every evil person becomes a reproach to a man.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's gift-giver and abundant companions become G's evil person bringing reproach. G specifically names kings in the first clause.

Verse H 19:7 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:7

All the brothers of a poor man hate him;

how much more his companions keep far from him!

He pursues words, but they are not there.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:7

Everyone who hates a poor brother

will also be far from friendship.

A good thought will draw near to those who know it,

and an intelligent man will find it.

One who does many evils brings wickedness to completion,

and one who provokes words will not be saved.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H portrays the poor person's abandonment; G predicts lost friendship for the one hating him and adds four clauses about thought and wrongdoing. H's last phrase is obscure: whether the absent 'they' means words or the companions is unresolved.

Verse H 19:8 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:8

One who acquires heart loves his own life;

one who keeps understanding finds good.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:8

One who acquires understanding loves himself,

and one who keeps understanding will find good things.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: H heart expresses judgment; the self-benefiting relation closely agrees.

Verse H 19:9 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:9

A false witness will not go unpunished,

and one who breathes lies will perish.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:9

A false witness will not be unpunished,

and whoever kindles wickedness will perish by it.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G makes kindled wickedness itself the means of destruction, instead of H's lying breath.

19:10–19:18 — Households, mercy, and discipline

Verse H 19:10 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:10

Luxury does not suit a fool,

still less a servant ruling over princes.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:10

Luxury does not benefit a fool,

nor does it benefit a household servant if he begins to rule with insolence.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H specifies ruling over princes; G ruling insolently. The hierarchy is that of the ancient saying.

Verse H 19:11 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:11

A person's prudence makes him slow to anger,

and his splendor is to pass over a transgression.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:11

A merciful man is patient,

and his boast comes upon lawless people.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H commends overlooking offense; G has a merciful person's boast coming upon the lawless, a compressed construction not silently converted into forgiveness.

Verse H 19:12 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:12

A king's rage is like a young lion's roar,

but his favor is like dew upon grass.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:12

A king's threat is like a lion's growling,

but as dew upon grass, so is his cheerfulness.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G has threat and cheerfulness, H rage and favor; the lion and dew images agree.

Verse H 19:13 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:13

A foolish son is ruin to his father,

and a wife's disputes are a persistent dripping.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:13

A foolish son is shame to a father,

and prayers from a courtesan's fee are not pure.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H's contentious-wife simile is absent from G, which instead rejects prayers funded from a courtesan's earnings. G euchai can also mean vows.

Verse H 19:14 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:14

House and wealth are an inheritance from fathers,

but a prudent wife is from YHWH.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:14

Fathers apportion house and property to children,

but a wife is joined to a husband by God.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H specifies the wife's prudence; G the divine joining of wife and husband without that adjective.

Verse H 19:15 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:15

Laziness casts one into deep sleep,

and a slack life will hunger.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:15

Cowardice holds a womanish man,

and the life of an idle person will hunger.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's laziness and sleep become G's cowardice and androgynaion. The latter is provisionally rendered with the ancient gendered disparagement also noted at G 18:8, without assigning a modern identity category.

Verse H 19:16 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:16

One who keeps a command keeps his life;

one who despises his ways will die.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:16

One who keeps a command guards his own life,

but one who despises his own ways will perish.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both contrast guarding conduct and treating one's ways contemptuously. The unusual displayed H death-form is read contextually, without an asserted accessed qere.

Verse H 19:17 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:17

One who shows favor to the poor lends to YHWH,

and He will repay him his recompense.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:17

One who has mercy on the poor lends to God,

and He will repay him according to his gift.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G makes the benefactor's gift the measure of repayment; H uses recompense. The lending-to-God image agrees. Saints: Clement of Alexandria, Instructor 3.4, applies lending to the Lord to caring for poor people and links it with service to Christ’s least brothers in Matthew 25:40. [C3]

Verse H 19:18 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:18

Discipline your son, for there is hope,

but do not lift your desire toward putting him to death.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:18

Discipline your son, for in this way he will be hopeful,

but do not lift yourself in your soul toward insolence.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H expressly forbids directing oneself toward the son's death; G instead prohibits insolence or abusive arrogance. The H death language is retained.

19:19–19:29 — Counsel, conduct, and correction

Verse H 19:19 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:19

One of great wrath bears a penalty,

for if you rescue him, you must do it again.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:19

An evil-minded man will suffer many penalties,

and if he acts pestilentially, he will add his own life as well.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: The publisher extraction has the obscure written gral; Mechon-Mamre explicitly pairs it with pointed gedal, 'great', followed here. G predicts loss of life in addition to penalties rather than repeated rescue. The supplemental display does not supply a critical-apparatus collation. [MM19]

Verse H 19:20 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:20

Listen to counsel and receive discipline,

so that you may become wise in your latter days.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:20

Listen, son, to your father's discipline,

so that you may become wise in your latter days.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G adds son and father and has one discipline command in place of H's counsel and discipline.

Verse H 19:21 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:21

Many are the plans in a person's heart,

but the counsel of YHWH—it will stand.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:21

Many are the reasonings in a man's heart,

but the counsel of the Lord remains forever.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G explicitly adds permanence forever.

Verse H 19:22 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:22

A person's desire is his steadfast kindness,

and better a poor person than a lying man.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:22

Mercy is a man's fruit,

and better a righteous poor person than a rich liar.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's first clause is compressed and may mean what is desired in a person is kindness; G has mercy as fruit. G explicitly qualifies the poor as righteous and the liar as rich.

Verse H 19:23 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:23

The fear of YHWH is for life,

and one rests satisfied, unvisited by evil.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:23

The fear of the Lord is for a man's life,

but the fearless person will lodge in places where knowledge is not attended to.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H describes secure, satisfied rest; G the irreverent person's lodging where knowledge receives no attention. G's passive verb is kept without inventing an agent.

Verse H 19:24 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:24

The lazy person buries his hand in the dish;

he will not even bring it back to his mouth.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:24

One who unjustly hides his hands in his lap

will certainly not even bring them to his mouth.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's lazy eater and dish become G's unjustly hidden hands and lap. Both retain the failure to lift hands to the mouth.

Verse H 19:25 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:25

Strike a scoffer, and a simple person becomes shrewd;

reprove one who understands, and he will understand knowledge.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:25

When a pestilent person is whipped, a fool becomes more resourceful;

but if you reprove an intelligent man, he will understand discernment.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G uses pestilent person and fool rather than H scoffer and simple person. Both distinguish learning by observing punishment from learning by reproof.

Verse H 19:26 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:26

One who devastates a father and drives a mother away

is a son who brings shame and disgrace.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:26

One who dishonors a father and thrusts his mother away

will be put to shame and be subject to reproach.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H characterizes the son as shame-bringing; G predicts shame falling on him. H's first verb is stronger than G's dishonoring.

Verse H 19:27 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:27

Cease, my son, to hear discipline,

and you will wander from sayings of knowledge.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:27

A son who falls short of keeping a father's discipline

will meditate on evil sayings.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's abrupt imperative and following infinitive are provisionally read as a warning by consequence: cease listening and stray. Another construal prohibits listening to instruction that causes straying; neither is grammatically certain. G directly predicts evil speech after neglecting paternal discipline.

Verse H 19:28 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:28

A worthless witness mocks justice,

and the mouth of the wicked swallows wrongdoing.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:28

One who guarantees a foolish child treats just judgment with insolence,

and the mouth of the impious swallows judgments.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's worthless witness becomes G's guarantor of a foolish child or servant; G swallows judgments rather than wrongdoing.

Verse H 19:29 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 19:29

Judgments are prepared for scoffers,

and blows for the back of fools.

Greek–English (G)

G 19:29

Whips are prepared for the undisciplined,

and punishments for the shoulders of fools.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G specifies whips and shoulders, H judgments and back; the ancient punishment imagery remains.

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