Proverbs — Hebrew and Greek compared · Part 2

ReverendMeasured speech

Proverbs 25 — Solomon's further proverbs copied under Hezekiah — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation — Proverbs 1–31 [V1]

Same 6 Similar 4 Different 11 Divergent 7 Disparate 2

Disparate in this chapter: H 25:14, H 25:20

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Proverbs 25 — Solomon's further proverbs copied under Hezekiah

25:1–25:7 — Royal honor and humility

Verse H 25:1 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:1

These also are proverbs of Solomon,

which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:1

These are Solomon's undifferentiated instructions,

which the friends of Hezekiah, king of Judea, copied out.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H names proverbs and the king's men; G instructions and friends, adding adiakritoi, provisionally undifferentiated or not sorted. This is not treated as a modern critical edition label.

Verse H 25:2 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:2

The glory of God is to conceal a matter,

and the glory of kings is to search out a matter.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:2

God's glory conceals a word,

but a king's glory honors matters.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H makes royal investigation glorious; G instead describes honoring matters.

Verse H 25:3 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:3

The heavens for height, and the earth for depth,

and the heart of kings is unsearchable.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:3

Heaven is high and earth deep,

but a king's heart is beyond examination.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both compare royal inwardness with cosmic dimensions.

Verse H 25:4 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:4

Remove dross from silver,

and a vessel comes forth for the refiner.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:4

Beat unapproved silver,

and it will be cleansed, entirely pure;

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H describes removing impurity to produce a vessel; G beating untested or rejected silver until purified.

Verse H 25:5 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:5

Remove the wicked from before a king,

and his throne is established in righteousness.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:5

Kill the impious from before a king,

and his throne will prosper in righteousness.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G explicitly commands killing, where H says remove. The stronger ancient royal instruction is not softened or presented as present-day advice.

Verse H 25:6 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:6

Do not adorn yourself before a king,

and do not stand in the place of great people,

Greek–English (G)

G 25:6

Do not boast before a king,

and do not station yourself in the places of rulers;

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both warn against self-exaltation in royal company.

Verse H 25:7 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:7

for it is better to be told, “Come up here,”

than to be lowered before a noble

whom your eyes have seen.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:7

for it is better for you to be told, “Come up to me,”

than for him to humble you before a ruler.

Say what your eyes have seen.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H attaches the eye-witness phrase to the noble or, by another division, the following dispute; G explicitly makes it a separate command to speak what was seen.

25:8–25:15 — Disputes, fitting words, and faithful messengers

Verse H 25:8 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:8

Do not go out hastily to dispute,

lest—what will you do at its end,

when your neighbor humiliates you?

Greek–English (G)

G 25:8

Do not rush quickly into battle,

so that you do not regret it at the end.

When your friend reproaches you,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G explicitly predicts regret and carries the friend's reproach into the next verse's command; H asks about the outcome of humiliation.

Verse H 25:9 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:9

Plead your case with your neighbor,

but do not reveal another's secret,

Greek–English (G)

G 25:9

withdraw backward; do not show contempt,

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H commends direct dispute without disclosing secrets; G commands withdrawal and avoidance of contempt.

Verse H 25:10 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:10

lest one who hears shame you,

and your bad report not turn away.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:10

lest the friend reproach you,

and your battle and enmity not depart,

but be for you equal to death.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G expands the enduring consequence into conflict and enmity equivalent to death; H names lasting reputational damage.

Verse 25:10a Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]

Greek–English (G)

G 25:10a

Favor and friendship set one free;

keep these for yourself so that you do not become subject to reproach,

but guard your ways with readiness to be reconciled.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G adds a positive appeal to preserve favor, friendship, and conciliatory conduct.

Verse H 25:11 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:11

Golden apples in silver settings—

a word spoken upon its fitting occasions.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:11

A golden apple on a carnelian necklace—

so is speaking a word.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's silver settings become G's carnelian necklace. H's 'upon its wheels' or occasions is an uncertain idiom, rendered fitting occasions; G does not explicitly include it.

Verse H 25:12 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:12

A gold ring and an ornament of fine gold—

a wise reprover upon a listening ear.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:12

A costly carnelian is fastened into a golden earring—

a wise word into a receptive ear.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's wise reprover and gold ornaments become G's wise word and carnelian set in gold.

Verse H 25:13 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:13

Like the coolness of snow on a harvest day

is a faithful envoy to those who send him;

he restores the life of his masters.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:13

As snow coming forth benefits people in harvest heat,

so a faithful messenger benefits those who sent him;

for he benefits the lives of those who employ him.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G repeats the benefit and explicitly names heat; H emphasizes refreshing the senders' lives.

Verse H 25:14 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:14

Clouds and wind, but no rain—

a man boasting of a false gift.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:14

Like winds and clouds and very conspicuous rains,

so are those who boast of a false gift.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H's point is promised rain absent; G explicitly includes conspicuous rains and has no negative. The changed weather image is retained.

Verse H 25:15 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:15

By slowness to anger a ruler is persuaded,

and a soft tongue breaks bone.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:15

In patience is prosperity for kings,

and a soft tongue crushes bones.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H describes persuading a ruler; G royal prosperity through patience. The force of gentle speech agrees.

25:16–25:22 — Moderation, testimony, and care for enemies

Verse H 25:16 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:16

Have you found honey? Eat enough for yourself,

lest you become filled with it and vomit it.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:16

Having found honey, eat what is sufficient,

lest, filled, you vomit.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: The warning against excess closely agrees.

Verse H 25:17 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:17

Make your foot rare in your neighbor's house,

lest he have his fill of you and hate you.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:17

Bring your foot rarely to your own friend,

lest he become filled with you and hate you.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both use satiety to warn against overfrequent visiting.

Verse H 25:18 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:18

A club and sword and sharpened arrow

is a man who answers against his neighbor as a false witness.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:18

A club and sword and barbed arrow—

so also is a man testifying false testimony against his friend.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both make false testimony a set of weapons.

Verse H 25:19 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:19

A bad tooth and a slipping foot

is confidence in a treacherous person on a day of distress.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:19

An evil person's tooth and a lawless person's foot

will perish on an evil day.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H uses unreliable bodily parts to depict misplaced trust; G makes tooth and foot possessions of evildoers and predicts their perishing.

Verse H 25:20 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:20

Like removing a garment on a cold day,

like vinegar on natron,

is one singing songs over a troubled heart.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:20

As vinegar is unsuitable for a wound,

so a suffering that falls upon the body pains the heart.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H compares ill-timed singing with cold exposure and vinegar on alkaline natron; G describes vinegar on a wound and bodily pain distressing the heart.

Verse 25:20a Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]

Greek–English (G)

G 25:20a

As a moth harms a garment and a worm wood,

so a man's grief harms the heart.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G adds a second comparison about grief's destructive inward effect.

Verse H 25:21 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:21

If the one who hates you is hungry, feed him bread,

and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink,

Greek–English (G)

G 25:21

If your enemy is hungry, feed him;

if he is thirsty, give him drink;

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: H specifies bread and water; both command care for an enemy's needs.

Verse H 25:22 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:22

for you heap coals upon his head,

and YHWH will repay you.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:22

for by doing this you will heap coals of fire upon his head,

and the Lord will repay you good things.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G specifies fiery coals and good repayment. The coals' ethical or psychological significance belongs in reception, not an invented explanatory addition to either translation.

25:23–25:28 — Speech, trust, and self-restraint

Verse H 25:23 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:23

The north wind brings forth rain,

and a secret tongue brings indignant faces.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:23

A north wind raises clouds,

but a shameless face provokes a tongue.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's secret speech causes an angry face; G reverses the direction, making a shameless face provoke speech. Rain becomes clouds.

Verse H 25:24 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:24

Better to dwell on a corner of a roof

than with a contentious wife in a shared house.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:24

Better to dwell on a corner of a roof

than with an abusive wife in a shared house.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Unlike G 21:9, this Greek saying explicitly retains the contentious woman.

Verse H 25:25 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:25

Cold water upon a weary life,

and a good report from a distant land.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:25

As cold water is welcome to a thirsty life,

so is good news from a faraway land.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H has weariness, G thirst; G makes the comparison explicit.

Verse H 25:26 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:26

A muddied spring and a ruined fountain

is a righteous person tottering before the wicked.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:26

As if someone blocked a spring and ruined an outlet of water,

so it is disorderly for a righteous person to have fallen before the impious.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H describes polluted or damaged water; G explicitly introduces a blocking agent and calls the righteous fall unfitting.

Verse H 25:27 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:27

Eating much honey is not good,

and searching out their glory is glory.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:27

Eating much honey is not good,

but one must honor glorious words.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's second clause is very obscure; its positive wording and repeated glory are retained, without inserting an unprinted negative or reflexive 'one's own'. G explicitly commands honoring noble words.

Verse H 25:28 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 25:28

A breached city without a wall

is a man with no restraint over his spirit.

Greek–English (G)

G 25:28

As a city with its walls cast down and unwalled,

so is a man who does something without counsel.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H contrasts lack of self-restraint with a breached city; G lack of deliberation.

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