Proverbs — Hebrew and Greek compared

ReverendTruthful speech

Proverbs 12 — Discipline, truthful speech, and daily conduct — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation — Proverbs 1–31 [V1]

Same 3 Similar 6 Different 13 Divergent 6 Disparate 2

Disparate in this chapter: H 12:21, H 12:23

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Proverbs 12 — Discipline, truthful speech, and daily conduct

12:1–12:7 — Discipline and the righteous household

Verse H 12:1 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:1

One who loves discipline loves knowledge,

but one who hates reproof is brutish.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:1

One who loves discipline loves discernment,

but one who hates rebukes is foolish.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H's final adjective likens the unteachable person to a senseless animal; G simply calls him foolish.

Verse H 12:2 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:2

A good person obtains favor from YHWH,

but He condemns a man of schemes.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:2

Better is the one who has found favor with the Lord,

but a lawless man will be passed over in silence.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has divine condemnation of the schemer; G says the lawless person will be passed over silently.

Verse H 12:3 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:3

A person is not established by wickedness,

but the root of the righteous will not be shaken.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:3

A person will not prosper through a lawless person,

but the roots of the righteous will not be uprooted.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G's ex anomou is rendered personally, 'through a lawless person'; an implied lawless action is also possible. H expressly names wickedness as the means.

Verse H 12:4 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:4

A woman of strength is the crown of her husband,

but one who brings shame is like rot in his bones.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:4

A courageous woman is a crown to her husband;

but as a worm in wood, so an evildoing woman destroys a man.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H chayil can include capability, valor, and resources; G emphasizes courage. H's rot in bones becomes G's worm in wood and explicit destruction.

Verse H 12:5 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:5

The thoughts of the righteous are justice;

the guidance of the wicked is deceit.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:5

The reasonings of the righteous are judgments,

but the impious steer deceits.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G verbalizes the steering image contained in H's guidance term.

Verse H 12:6 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:6

The words of the wicked lie in wait for blood,

but the mouth of the upright rescues them.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:6

The words of the impious are deceitful,

but the mouth of the upright will rescue them.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G states deceit without H's bloodshed and ambush image.

Verse H 12:7 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:7

Overthrow the wicked, and they are no more,

but the house of the righteous will stand.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:7

Wherever he turns, the impious disappears,

but the houses of the righteous remain.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's compressed opening evokes overthrow; G speaks of turning or being turned, with the exact implied setting left open.

12:8–12:14 — Work, care, and speech

Verse H 12:8 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:8

A man is praised according to his prudence,

but one crooked of heart becomes despised.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:8

The mouth of an understanding person is praised by a man,

but one sluggish of heart is sneered at.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G makes the mouth the object of praise and describes the opposite heart as sluggish, not H's crooked.

Verse H 12:9 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:9

Better is one lightly esteemed who has a servant

than one honoring himself but lacking bread.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:9

Better is a man in dishonor who serves himself

than one who clothes himself in honor but needs bread.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's consonantal and vocalized expression is rendered as having a servant; G explicitly has serving oneself. The contrast with pretended honor agrees.

Verse H 12:10 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:10

The righteous knows the life of his animal,

but the mercies of the wicked are cruel.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:10

The righteous has compassion on the lives of his animals,

but the inward affections of the impious are merciless.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H 'knows' implies attentive regard in context; G explicitly expresses compassion. Both include animals within the comparison.

Verse H 12:11 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:11

One who works his ground will be satisfied with bread,

but one who pursues empty things lacks heart.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:11

One who works his own land will be filled with loaves,

but those who pursue empty things lack understanding.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: The contrast between cultivation and empty pursuits closely agrees.

Verse 12:11a Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]

Greek–English (G)

G 12:11a

One who delights in time spent over wine

will leave dishonor in his own strongholds.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G adds a wine-related warning. Its phrasing literally describes being pleasant or delighted in wine occupations; the strongholds image is retained, not silently reduced to a home.

Verse H 12:12 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:12

The wicked covets the catch of evil people,

but the root of the righteous yields.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:12

The desires of the impious are evil,

but the roots of the devout are in strongholds.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H matsod may denote prey, a hunting net, or a stronghold; 'catch' is provisional. H leaves what the root gives unstated; G gives the roots a secure location.

Verse H 12:13 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:13

In transgression of lips is an evil snare,

but the righteous comes out of distress.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:13

Through the sin of lips a sinner falls into traps,

but the righteous escapes from them.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G explicitly identifies the sinner as the one trapped and makes the traps the source of escape.

Verse 12:13a Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]

Greek–English (G)

G 12:13a

One who looks gently will receive mercy,

but one who confronts people at the gates will crush lives.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: This added G saying contrasts a gentle look with confrontation at gates. Leia literally means smooth things, here used adverbially; 'gently' and the hostile force of the encounter are contextual and provisional. No judicial office is explicitly named.

Verse H 12:14 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:14

From the fruit of a man's mouth he is satisfied with good,

and the recompense of a person's hands returns to him.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:14

From fruits of a mouth a man's life will be filled with good things,

and the recompense of his lips will be given to him.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's second clause repays the hands' work; G continues the lips and speech theme.

12:15–12:21 — Counsel and truthful witness

Verse H 12:15 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:15

The way of a fool is upright in his own eyes,

but one who listens to counsel is wise.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:15

The ways of fools are upright before them,

but a wise person listens to counsel.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: The same contrast is expressed with different number and clause order.

Verse H 12:16 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:16

A fool—his vexation becomes known that same day,

but a shrewd person conceals disgrace.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:16

A fool announces his anger that same day,

but a resourceful person hides his own dishonor.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G makes the fool actively proclaim his anger, where H says it becomes known.

Verse H 12:17 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:17

One who breathes faithfulness declares righteousness,

but a false witness declares deceit.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:17

A righteous person reports demonstrated faithfulness,

but the witness of unjust people is deceitful.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has one breathing or uttering truth; G a righteous reporter of faithfulness that has been shown. The witness in G is associated with unjust people rather than explicitly called false.

Verse H 12:18 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:18

There is one who speaks rashly like sword-thrusts,

but the tongue of the wise is healing.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:18

There are those who wound with a sword as they speak,

but the tongues of the wise heal.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both make destructive speech a sword wound and wise speech healing; H marks the wound as a comparison.

Verse H 12:19 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:19

A lip of truth is established forever,

but a lying tongue lasts only a moment.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:19

Truthful lips set testimony right,

but a hasty witness has an unjust tongue.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H contrasts duration of truthful and false speech; G contrasts reliable testimony and a hasty witness.

Verse H 12:20 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:20

Deceit is in the heart of those who devise evil,

but joy is for those who counsel peace.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:20

Deceit is in the heart of one devising evil things,

but those who desire peace will rejoice.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H commends counseling peace; G desiring it.

Verse H 12:21 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:21

No trouble will befall the righteous,

but the wicked are full of evil.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:21

Nothing unjust will please the righteous,

but the impious will be filled with evils.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H describes what befalls the righteous; G what the righteous finds pleasing. H aven can denote trouble or wrongdoing; its event verb is not changed into G's preference.

12:22–12:28 — Faithfulness, diligence, and the way of life

Verse H 12:22 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:22

Lying lips are an abomination to YHWH,

but those who practice faithfulness are His delight.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:22

Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord,

but one who performs faithful deeds is acceptable to Him.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both oppose false speech and faithful action.

Verse H 12:23 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:23

A shrewd person conceals knowledge,

but the heart of fools proclaims folly.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:23

An understanding man is a throne of discernment,

but the heart of fools will meet curses.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H concerns withholding knowledge and announcing folly; G enthroned discernment and encountering curses.

Verse H 12:24 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:24

The hand of the diligent will rule,

but slackness will become forced labor.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:24

The hand of chosen people will rule easily,

but deceitful people will become plunder.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G has chosen people and plunder, H diligent people and compulsory service; G also adds ease.

Verse H 12:25 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:25

Anxiety in a person's heart bows it down,

but a good word makes it glad.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:25

A frightening word troubles the heart of a righteous man,

but good news makes him glad.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G specifies a frightening message and a righteous hearer; H speaks of anxiety within the heart.

Verse H 12:26 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:26

The righteous is more excellent than his neighbor,

but the way of the wicked leads them astray.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:26

A discerning righteous person will be his own friend,

but the judgments of the impious are unreasonable.

Evils will pursue those who sin,

and the way of the impious will lead them astray.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's opening yater mere'ehu is difficult; superiority to a neighbor is provisional, while guiding, examining, or choosing a companion are other proposed construals. G adds two middle clauses and depicts friendship with oneself.

Verse H 12:27 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:27

The slack person does not roast his game,

but diligence is a person's precious wealth.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:27

A deceitful person will not obtain game,

but a pure man is a precious possession.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's rare charakh is provisionally 'roast'; the compressed second clause may instead describe a diligent person's precious possession. G has failure to catch game and a pure person as the valued possession.

Verse H 12:28 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 12:28

In the path of righteousness is life,

and in the way of its track there is no death.

Greek–English (G)

G 12:28

In ways of righteousness is life,

but the ways of those who remember wrongs lead to death.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: H's final construction is compressed and unusual, rendered closely as absence of death on that path; G instead contrasts righteous ways with the deadly ways of those nursing wrongs.

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