
Proverbs 12 — Discipline, truthful speech, and daily conduct — Hebrew and Greek compared
Disparate in this chapter: H 12:21, H 12:23
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Proverbs 12 — Discipline, truthful speech, and daily conduct
12:1–12:7 — Discipline and the righteous household
Verse H 12:1 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:1
One who loves discipline loves knowledge,
but one who hates reproof is brutish.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:1
One who loves discipline loves discernment,
but one who hates rebukes is foolish.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: H's final adjective likens the unteachable person to a senseless animal; G simply calls him foolish.
Verse H 12:2 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:2
A good person obtains favor from YHWH,
but He condemns a man of schemes.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:2
Better is the one who has found favor with the Lord,
but a lawless man will be passed over in silence.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H has divine condemnation of the schemer; G says the lawless person will be passed over silently.
Verse H 12:3 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:3
A person is not established by wickedness,
but the root of the righteous will not be shaken.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:3
A person will not prosper through a lawless person,
but the roots of the righteous will not be uprooted.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: G's ex anomou is rendered personally, 'through a lawless person'; an implied lawless action is also possible. H expressly names wickedness as the means.
Verse H 12:4 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:4
A woman of strength is the crown of her husband,
but one who brings shame is like rot in his bones.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:4
A courageous woman is a crown to her husband;
but as a worm in wood, so an evildoing woman destroys a man.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H chayil can include capability, valor, and resources; G emphasizes courage. H's rot in bones becomes G's worm in wood and explicit destruction.
Verse H 12:5 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:5
The thoughts of the righteous are justice;
the guidance of the wicked is deceit.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:5
The reasonings of the righteous are judgments,
but the impious steer deceits.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: G verbalizes the steering image contained in H's guidance term.
Verse H 12:6 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:6
The words of the wicked lie in wait for blood,
but the mouth of the upright rescues them.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:6
The words of the impious are deceitful,
but the mouth of the upright will rescue them.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: G states deceit without H's bloodshed and ambush image.
Verse H 12:7 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:7
Overthrow the wicked, and they are no more,
but the house of the righteous will stand.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:7
Wherever he turns, the impious disappears,
but the houses of the righteous remain.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H's compressed opening evokes overthrow; G speaks of turning or being turned, with the exact implied setting left open.
12:8–12:14 — Work, care, and speech
Verse H 12:8 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:8
A man is praised according to his prudence,
but one crooked of heart becomes despised.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:8
The mouth of an understanding person is praised by a man,
but one sluggish of heart is sneered at.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: G makes the mouth the object of praise and describes the opposite heart as sluggish, not H's crooked.
Verse H 12:9 Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:9
Better is one lightly esteemed who has a servant
than one honoring himself but lacking bread.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:9
Better is a man in dishonor who serves himself
than one who clothes himself in honor but needs bread.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: H's consonantal and vocalized expression is rendered as having a servant; G explicitly has serving oneself. The contrast with pretended honor agrees.
Verse H 12:10 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:10
The righteous knows the life of his animal,
but the mercies of the wicked are cruel.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:10
The righteous has compassion on the lives of his animals,
but the inward affections of the impious are merciless.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: H 'knows' implies attentive regard in context; G explicitly expresses compassion. Both include animals within the comparison.
Verse H 12:11 Same
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:11
One who works his ground will be satisfied with bread,
but one who pursues empty things lacks heart.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:11
One who works his own land will be filled with loaves,
but those who pursue empty things lack understanding.
Comparison and reception
Same. Text: The contrast between cultivation and empty pursuits closely agrees.
Verse 12:11a Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H —
[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]
Greek–English (G)
G 12:11a
One who delights in time spent over wine
will leave dishonor in his own strongholds.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: G adds a wine-related warning. Its phrasing literally describes being pleasant or delighted in wine occupations; the strongholds image is retained, not silently reduced to a home.
Verse H 12:12 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:12
The wicked covets the catch of evil people,
but the root of the righteous yields.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:12
The desires of the impious are evil,
but the roots of the devout are in strongholds.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H matsod may denote prey, a hunting net, or a stronghold; 'catch' is provisional. H leaves what the root gives unstated; G gives the roots a secure location.
Verse H 12:13 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:13
In transgression of lips is an evil snare,
but the righteous comes out of distress.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:13
Through the sin of lips a sinner falls into traps,
but the righteous escapes from them.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: G explicitly identifies the sinner as the one trapped and makes the traps the source of escape.
Verse 12:13a Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H —
[No corresponding text in the displayed Hebrew main text.]
Greek–English (G)
G 12:13a
One who looks gently will receive mercy,
but one who confronts people at the gates will crush lives.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: This added G saying contrasts a gentle look with confrontation at gates. Leia literally means smooth things, here used adverbially; 'gently' and the hostile force of the encounter are contextual and provisional. No judicial office is explicitly named.
Verse H 12:14 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:14
From the fruit of a man's mouth he is satisfied with good,
and the recompense of a person's hands returns to him.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:14
From fruits of a mouth a man's life will be filled with good things,
and the recompense of his lips will be given to him.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H's second clause repays the hands' work; G continues the lips and speech theme.
12:15–12:21 — Counsel and truthful witness
Verse H 12:15 Same
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:15
The way of a fool is upright in his own eyes,
but one who listens to counsel is wise.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:15
The ways of fools are upright before them,
but a wise person listens to counsel.
Comparison and reception
Same. Text: The same contrast is expressed with different number and clause order.
Verse H 12:16 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:16
A fool—his vexation becomes known that same day,
but a shrewd person conceals disgrace.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:16
A fool announces his anger that same day,
but a resourceful person hides his own dishonor.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: G makes the fool actively proclaim his anger, where H says it becomes known.
Verse H 12:17 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:17
One who breathes faithfulness declares righteousness,
but a false witness declares deceit.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:17
A righteous person reports demonstrated faithfulness,
but the witness of unjust people is deceitful.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H has one breathing or uttering truth; G a righteous reporter of faithfulness that has been shown. The witness in G is associated with unjust people rather than explicitly called false.
Verse H 12:18 Similar
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:18
There is one who speaks rashly like sword-thrusts,
but the tongue of the wise is healing.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:18
There are those who wound with a sword as they speak,
but the tongues of the wise heal.
Comparison and reception
Similar. Text: Both make destructive speech a sword wound and wise speech healing; H marks the wound as a comparison.
Verse H 12:19 Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:19
A lip of truth is established forever,
but a lying tongue lasts only a moment.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:19
Truthful lips set testimony right,
but a hasty witness has an unjust tongue.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: H contrasts duration of truthful and false speech; G contrasts reliable testimony and a hasty witness.
Verse H 12:20 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:20
Deceit is in the heart of those who devise evil,
but joy is for those who counsel peace.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:20
Deceit is in the heart of one devising evil things,
but those who desire peace will rejoice.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H commends counseling peace; G desiring it.
Verse H 12:21 Disparate
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:21
No trouble will befall the righteous,
but the wicked are full of evil.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:21
Nothing unjust will please the righteous,
but the impious will be filled with evils.
Comparison and reception
Disparate. Text: H describes what befalls the righteous; G what the righteous finds pleasing. H aven can denote trouble or wrongdoing; its event verb is not changed into G's preference.
12:22–12:28 — Faithfulness, diligence, and the way of life
Verse H 12:22 Same
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:22
Lying lips are an abomination to YHWH,
but those who practice faithfulness are His delight.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:22
Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord,
but one who performs faithful deeds is acceptable to Him.
Comparison and reception
Same. Text: Both oppose false speech and faithful action.
Verse H 12:23 Disparate
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:23
A shrewd person conceals knowledge,
but the heart of fools proclaims folly.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:23
An understanding man is a throne of discernment,
but the heart of fools will meet curses.
Comparison and reception
Disparate. Text: H concerns withholding knowledge and announcing folly; G enthroned discernment and encountering curses.
Verse H 12:24 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:24
The hand of the diligent will rule,
but slackness will become forced labor.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:24
The hand of chosen people will rule easily,
but deceitful people will become plunder.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: G has chosen people and plunder, H diligent people and compulsory service; G also adds ease.
Verse H 12:25 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:25
Anxiety in a person's heart bows it down,
but a good word makes it glad.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:25
A frightening word troubles the heart of a righteous man,
but good news makes him glad.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: G specifies a frightening message and a righteous hearer; H speaks of anxiety within the heart.
Verse H 12:26 Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:26
The righteous is more excellent than his neighbor,
but the way of the wicked leads them astray.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:26
A discerning righteous person will be his own friend,
but the judgments of the impious are unreasonable.
Evils will pursue those who sin,
and the way of the impious will lead them astray.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: H's opening yater mere'ehu is difficult; superiority to a neighbor is provisional, while guiding, examining, or choosing a companion are other proposed construals. G adds two middle clauses and depicts friendship with oneself.
Verse H 12:27 Different
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:27
The slack person does not roast his game,
but diligence is a person's precious wealth.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:27
A deceitful person will not obtain game,
but a pure man is a precious possession.
Comparison and reception
Different. Text: H's rare charakh is provisionally 'roast'; the compressed second clause may instead describe a diligent person's precious possession. G has failure to catch game and a pure person as the valued possession.
Verse H 12:28 Divergent
Hebrew–English (H)
H 12:28
In the path of righteousness is life,
and in the way of its track there is no death.
Greek–English (G)
G 12:28
In ways of righteousness is life,
but the ways of those who remember wrongs lead to death.
Comparison and reception
Divergent. Text: H's final construction is compressed and unusual, rendered closely as absence of death on that path; G instead contrasts righteous ways with the deadly ways of those nursing wrongs.