Job — Hebrew and Greek compared
Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.
Source guide and review record
SAINTS TRANSLATION
Job
V1 working draft • Hebrew and Greek to English • Sep 8, 2026
Complete source-coverage working draft V1: forty-two chapters, one thousand seventy Hebrew verses and one thousand eighty-three displayed Greek units in one thousand eighty-four comparison rows. Both running texts were directly read; authorial comparison and selective reception checks are complete. An independent AI agent reviewed twenty-nine selected difficult Greek passages and related Hebrew wording, leading to three logged corrections and clarified source transliterations. Many lexical and syntactic choices remain provisional; independent full-book review, qualified human linguistic review and critical-apparatus collation remain outstanding.
42 chapters • 1,070 Hebrew verses • 1,083 displayed Greek units • 1,084 comparison rows
Reader’s guide
The Hebrew and Greek columns are independently authored English renderings of the declared ancient-language main texts. Rabbinic Priority and Saints Priority identify the reception traditions considered in selective notes; they do not authorize changing a source to match later interpretation. Every row compares the actual source wording, and attributed reception remains separate from translation.
Poetic lineation and chapter reading titles are editorial aids. Quantities are spelled out, references remain numerical, and clear divine pronouns are capitalized. Source-specific names, grammar, negations and difficult imagery are retained; uncertain identifications and supplied relationships are explained in notes. A dash in a translation cell marks the absence of a corresponding unit in that source, not missing work.
Source basis and review scope
Hebrew: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition edited by Adrian Schenker (1997), German Bible Society. Greek: Septuaginta, Alfred Rahlfs, second revised edition edited by Robert Hanhart (2006), German Bible Society. All forty-two full chapter texts in each source were directly read. The critical apparatus and manuscripts were not collated.
The draft represents every displayed source unit, including marked Greek additions and deliberate Greek-source transliterations. A second AI reader checked twenty-nine selected difficult passages and related Hebrew wording; three corrections are logged. That bounded review does not constitute independent full-book or qualified human linguistic review.
Numbering guide
Publisher source numbering governs both columns. Greek additions are 2:9a–e, 19:4a, 23:15a, 36:28a–b and 42:17a–e. Hebrew 23:14 has no displayed Greek counterpart on the selected publisher page; this is a statement about that presentation, not all Greek witnesses. Greek 2:9e overlaps the command in Hebrew 2:9, and Greek 23:15a overlaps the fear in Hebrew 23:15; Hebrew is printed once rather than duplicated. Both sources place common English 41:1–8 at source 40:25–32, and common English 41:9–34 at source 41:1–26. Hebrew chapter pages seven, twenty, twenty-eight and twenty-nine displayed their full text without numeric labels; sequential verse labels were reconstructed from the complete sof-pasuq-delimited units and their chapter counts. Hebrew chapters fourteen and seventeen were read through the publisher’s German-locale route to the same edition.
Comparison key
Same: Corresponding wording and content without a meaningful difference at this level of translation.
Similar: Corresponding content with a minor lexical or grammatical variation that does not substantially change the point.
Different: A meaningful difference in detail, participant, name, number, action or image without an established major change in force.
Divergent: Added, absent or substantially rearranged material governs the comparison; no historical direction or scribal motive is inferred.
Disparate: A major difference in meaning, agency, assertion, portrayal or cumulative consequence, even without strict logical contradiction.
The written category appears in each notes cell and is supplemented by pale green, blue, yellow, orange or red shading. A governing category does not exhaust every feature of a row. Ambiguous cases remain provisional; counts are affected rows, not unique ancient textual variants.
Sources, Method & Decisions
Source register
[BHS1] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 1, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX1] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 1, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS2] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 2, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX2] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 2, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS3] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 3, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX3] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 3, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS4] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 4, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX4] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 4, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS5] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 5, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX5] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 5, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS6] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 6, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX6] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 6, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS7] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 7, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX7] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 7, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS8] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 8, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX8] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 8, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS9] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 9, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX9] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 9, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS10] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 10, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX10] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 10, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS11] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 11, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX11] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 11, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS12] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 12, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX12] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 12, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS13] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 13, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX13] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 13, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS14] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 14, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX14] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 14, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS15] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 15, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX15] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 15, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS16] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 16, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX16] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 16, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS17] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 17, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX17] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 17, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS18] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 18, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX18] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 18, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS19] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 19, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX19] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 19, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS20] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 20, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX20] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 20, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS21] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 21, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX21] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 21, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS22] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 22, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX22] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 22, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS23] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 23, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX23] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 23, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS24] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 24, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX24] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 24, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS25] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 25, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX25] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 25, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS26] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 26, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX26] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 26, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS27] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 27, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX27] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 27, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS28] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 28, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX28] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 28, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS29] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 29, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX29] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 29, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS30] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 30, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX30] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 30, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS31] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 31, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX31] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 31, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS32] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 32, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX32] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 32, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS33] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 33, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX33] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 33, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS34] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 34, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX34] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 34, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS35] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 35, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX35] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 35, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS36] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 36, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX36] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 36, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS37] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 37, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX37] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 37, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS38] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 38, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX38] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 38, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS39] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 39, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX39] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 39, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS40] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 40, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX40] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 40, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS41] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 41, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX41] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 41, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[BHS42] Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, fifth corrected edition, Schenker 1997; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 42, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LXX42] Septuaginta, Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition, 2006; German Bible Society official running text. Scope: Job 42, complete displayed ancient-language chapter, including any lettered units; source labels retained or explicitly reconstructed where not displayed. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct ancient-language main text; no critical apparatus or manuscript collation.
[LSJ-EKKAIO] Liddell–Scott–Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon, ekkaio, senses I–II, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Directly read lexical senses burn out and kindle, including figurative anger examples, for Job 3:17; no claim that cited ancient examples were independently collated. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct lexicon entry transcription.
[LSJ-STRIPHNOS] Liddell–Scott–Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon, striphnos, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Directly read full entry for gristly meat at Job 20:18. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct lexicon entry transcription.
[RJ1] Rashi, commentary on Job 1, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 1:5–6; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[RJ2] Rashi, commentary on Job 2, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 2:10, 13; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[RJ13] Rashi, commentary on Job 13, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 13:15, including displayed written/read distinction; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[RJ19] Rashi, commentary on Job 19, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 19:17, 25–26; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[RJ29] Rashi, commentary on Job 29, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 29:13, 18; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[RJ42] Rashi, commentary on Job 42, Chabad Judaica Press presentation. Scope: Directly read commentary at Job 42:6–7, 13; Hebrew commentary and published English presentation checked. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Primary commentary in Hebrew with published English translation; used for attributed reception, not as the running translation base.
[CYR18] Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 18, section 15; Gifford translation, NPNF second series volume seven, New Advent presentation. Scope: Section fifteen directly read in context: Job 7:9–10, 14:7–10, 14:14 and 19:26 in the argument for resurrection. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Published English translation of a primary Christian work; no Greek patristic collation.
[GM35] Gregory the Great, Moralia in Job, Book thirty-five, Lectionary Central English presentation. Scope: Sections six through fourteen, twenty-one and thirty-six directly read for Job 42:6–10, 13. Numbered sections, not biblical verse labels, govern the citations. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Published English translation of a primary Christian work; no Latin original or manuscript collation.
[COX-NETS] Claude E. Cox, NETS Iob introduction and selected notes. Scope: Introduction pp.667–670; lexical notes p.686 n.a, p.692 n.c, p.693 n.a and p.694 nn.a–c. NETS uses Ziegler, not this draft’s Rahlfs–Hanhart base. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Direct scholarly introduction and lexical notes; consulted after independent Greek drafting, not as the running translation base.
[LSJ-96572] Liddell–Scott–Jones, στερέωσις, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Nominal making firm; direct Job 37:18 citation. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Directly read relevant lexicon entry senses; no independent collation of its quoted ancient examples.
[LSJ-36069] Liddell–Scott–Jones, ἐνσκολιεύομαι, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Catching in a snare; direct Job 40:19(24) citation. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Directly read relevant lexicon entry senses; no independent collation of its quoted ancient examples.
[LSJ-36571] Liddell–Scott–Jones, ἐξαιρέω, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Sense II, middle choosing; general lexical support at Job 36:21. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Directly read relevant lexicon entry senses; no independent collation of its quoted ancient examples.
[LSJ-16051] Liddell–Scott–Jones, ἄρχω, Scaife ATLAS transcription. Scope: Active beginning and ruling with a genitive; general lexical support at Job 36:24. Accessed Sep 8, 2026. Directly read relevant lexicon entry senses; no independent collation of its quoted ancient examples.
Key terms
YHWH / kyrios → YHWH / Lord. The Hebrew divine name and Greek title remain distinct; neither is substituted for the other.
Shaddai / pantokrator / hikanos / ischyros → Shaddai / Almighty / Mighty One / Strong One. Contextual source titles are retained rather than collapsed into one divine name. Greek hikanos has the broader sense sufficient or capable; Mighty One is this draft’s contextual divine title.
ha-satan / diabolos → the accuser / the devil. Hebrew’s definite role term is not silently replaced with a personal name; Greek’s designation is translated independently.
bene ha-elohim / angeloi → sons of God / angels. Preserve the substantive source contrast; later identifications are attributed in notes.
barakh in the testing narrative → curse where euphemistic; bless where blessing. The ordinary verb bless can be a reverential euphemism in the accusation or wife’s command. Context and notes govern, not a universal reversal.
nefesh / psyche; ruach / pneuma → soul, life / soul, life; breath, spirit / breath, spirit. Context governs bodily life, emotion and divine breath; no fixed doctrinal anthropology is imposed on every occurrence.
Sheol / hades; abaddon / apoleia; tartaros → Sheol / Hades; Abaddon or destruction / destruction; Tartarus. Keep the selected source’s underworld vocabulary and distinct Greek imagery. The translation does not collapse all these words into a single later conception of hell.
goel at 19:25 → redeemer. The legal and relational function remains visible. The identity of this living redeemer and the timing of vindication remain open in the running Hebrew.
Behemoth / theria; Leviathan / drakon → Behemoth / beasts; Leviathan / dragon. Preserve Greek plurality and dragon imagery. No zoological identification with a modern species is treated as established by these words alone.
qesitah; tetradrachmon in 42:11 → qesitah; gold piece of four drachmas. The Hebrew unit remains named and uncertain. The Greek unstamped gold and four-drachma description is retained independently; no exchange rate is imposed.
qedeshim at 36:14 → consecrated men. Literal designation retained provisionally. Cultic function and the common sexual interpretation require specialist review; Greek speaks instead of angelic wounding.
hol at 29:18 → sand. Provisional contextual rendering; Rashi’s phoenix and Greek palm trunk are independently explained. No automatic botanical or zoological equation is made.
gabis at 28:18 → gabis. Retained as a named material; the attributed rock-crystal identification is given at 28:18. Modern mineral taxonomy is not certified.
ηδω; θεεβουλαθω; νεελασα, ασιδα, νεσσα → ēdō; theeboulathō; neelasa, asida, nessa. Five Greek-source transliterations at 36:30, 37:12 and 39:13 are preserved. Their attributed Hebrew explanations are given locally; they are not treated as ordinary Greek words accidentally left untranslated. Surrounding syntax remains reviewable.
names and constellations → Recognizable names where identity is clear; source forms when substantive differences matter. Greek Hemera and Amalthea’s Horn, the royal genealogy in 42:17b–e and the constellations in chapter thirty-eight are not silently harmonized with another source.
Translation and reception decisions
Both entire ancient-language running texts were directly read, chapter by chapter, before drafting their independent English columns. All eighty-four successful chapter pages are represented in the source register; main-text access does not constitute critical-apparatus or manuscript collation.
The publisher’s displayed main text governs. Greek asterisks and closing marks observed in the running edition signal editorially marked material; that material is still translated. This draft does not claim to have reconstructed an original shorter Greek Job or to have verified the provenance of each marked addition.
Every Hebrew verse and every displayed Greek unit is represented once. Greek additions and the displayed absence at 23:14 are mapped explicitly; the numbering guide records overlaps and source-specific chapter boundaries.
Same, Similar, Different, Divergent and Disparate describe the governing relationship of each row. Disparate includes a substantial difference in force or consequence and does not require strict contradiction. Uncertain lexical or syntactic choices produce explicitly provisional comparisons; category totals are row totals, not counts of unique ancient variants.
The speakers’ claims, accusations, rhetorical questions and negations remain their own speech. Apparent difficulties are not resolved by silently turning accusation into approved doctrine or by harmonizing one source with the other.
The written Hebrew negative at 13:15 is retained. Rashi’s hopeful reading and Chabad’s explicit written/read display are cited separately [RJ13]. Other difficult displayed forms, including 6:21, 10:20 and 30:22, are explained locally without claiming a complete Masoretic apparatus audit.
Source-specific contrasts retained include Greek 9:13 turned away anger; 14:14 affirmative renewed life; 19:26 a wish for the raising of skin; 34:8 negative wicked companionship; 34:10 Elihu’s own vow; 40:8 God’s purpose of showing Job righteous; and the Greek resurrection and genealogy epilogue.
The five Greek-source transliterations at 36:30, 37:12 and 39:13 are retained in the English column and explained locally. Their status was clarified through independent lexical review; preservation is intentional and does not constitute an omitted source unit.
Clear divine pronouns are capitalized; unresolved referents are left lower case where possible and discussed in notes. Quotation punctuation, supplied objects and shifts in grammatical person are editorial judgments and remain reviewable.
Twenty-two selective attributed reception notes on eighteen rows were checked in the actual cited primary-work presentations: Rashi in Hebrew and published English, Cyril and Gregory in published English. They do not establish the exact ancient biblical edition used by each commentator or an exhaustive Jewish or Christian consensus.
Translation review corrected an earlier Greek 9:17 wording that added not. The revised anxious question, Might He crush me with gloom?, follows the actual me question without inserting a negative assertion; Hebrew remained unchanged. Date: Sep 8, 2026; authorial AI review.
Ancient quantities are spelled out; verse references remain numerical. Poetry lineation and chapter reading titles are editorial aids, not claims about an official historical lectionary.
Independent selected AI review corrected Greek 36:21 by restoring epi as for this one, rather than treating this one as a direct object; the choosing sense remains supported by [LSJ-36571]. Date: Sep 8, 2026.
Independent selected AI review corrected Greek 37:18 from a second-person verbal question to the plural noun acts of making firm, which agrees with feminine strong; [LSJ-96572] explicitly cites this verse. Its old-things and pouring imagery remains provisional. Date: Sep 8, 2026.
Independent selected AI review corrected Greek 40:24 turning about to catching in a snare on the explicit Job citation in [LSJ-36069]. The unnamed agent is represented provisionally by lower-case he, without identifying the captor. Date: Sep 8, 2026.
The three corrected rows retain Different. Greek 36:24 men began remains a defensible choice after direct [LSJ-16051] checking; ruled over remains an explicit alternative. No broader full-book independent review is implied.
Coverage and classification totals
Forty-two chapters; one thousand seventy Hebrew verses; one thousand eighty-three displayed Greek units; one thousand eighty-four comparison rows. Twenty-two attributed reception notes occur on eighteen rows.
Same: 190 • Similar: 312 • Different: 458 • Divergent: 70 • Disparate: 54
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 1: 22 / 22 / 22; 2: 13 / 18 / 18; 3: 26 / 26 / 26; 4: 21 / 21 / 21; 5: 27 / 27 / 27; 6: 30 / 30 / 30; 7: 21 / 21 / 21.
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 8: 22 / 22 / 22; 9: 35 / 35 / 35; 10: 22 / 22 / 22; 11: 20 / 20 / 20; 12: 25 / 25 / 25; 13: 28 / 28 / 28; 14: 22 / 22 / 22.
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 15: 35 / 35 / 35; 16: 22 / 22 / 22; 17: 16 / 16 / 16; 18: 21 / 21 / 21; 19: 29 / 30 / 30; 20: 29 / 29 / 29; 21: 34 / 34 / 34.
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 22: 30 / 30 / 30; 23: 17 / 17 / 18; 24: 25 / 25 / 25; 25: 6 / 6 / 6; 26: 14 / 14 / 14; 27: 23 / 23 / 23; 28: 28 / 28 / 28.
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 29: 25 / 25 / 25; 30: 31 / 31 / 31; 31: 40 / 40 / 40; 32: 22 / 22 / 22; 33: 33 / 33 / 33; 34: 37 / 37 / 37; 35: 16 / 16 / 16.
Chapter counts (Hebrew / Greek / rows): 36: 33 / 35 / 35; 37: 24 / 24 / 24; 38: 41 / 41 / 41; 39: 30 / 30 / 30; 40: 32 / 32 / 32; 41: 26 / 26 / 26; 42: 17 / 22 / 22.
Disparate index
2:3, 3:8, 3:17, 3:23, 4:6, 4:12, 4:16, 5:5, 5:15, 6:4, 6:9, 6:14, 6:25, 7:15, 7:20, 9:13, 9:21, 9:22, 9:23, 9:29, 10:2, 10:3, 11:6, 12:6, 12:18, 12:20, 14:14, 14:16, 15:11, 15:23, 16:6, 18:17, 19:26, 21:16, 22:30, 23:8, 24:11, 24:14, 24:19, 24:20, 24:23, 26:2, 26:3, 28:4, 31:30, 31:37, 32:1, 34:8, 34:10, 34:24, 34:30, 37:20, 38:14, 40:8. These are provisional row classifications, not counts of unique variants.
Open review questions
Independent full-book review and qualified Hebrew and Greek review remain necessary. The second AI reader’s completed check covered twenty-nine selected Greek passages and specified related Hebrew comparisons, not the entire book.
The Greek-source transliterations at 36:30, 37:12 and 39:13 now have attributed Hebrew explanations in their notes. Their surrounding syntax and the precise identification of gabis at 28:18 remain reviewable. No manuscript or printed-edition provenance has been independently collated.
Reassess the exceptionally difficult Greek constructions at 6:10, 7:21, 14:12, 19:29, 22:24, 24:5, 25:2, 28:26, 30:12, 33:23–26, 34:16, 34:18–19, 34:31–32, 35:15, 36:19–24, 36:30–33, 37:4, 37:10–12, 37:18–21, 38:38, 40:24 and 41:4, 15. The current English and notes are provisional and sometimes deliberately awkward.
Review Greek 3:17 kindled versus burned out or exhausted against wider usage and edition context; the directly read LSJ entry confirms possibilities but does not settle this passage. Reconsider its category if the lexical decision changes.
Review Hebrew rare words and syntactic compression at 12:5, 15:29, 19:26–29, 20:18, 20:23, 21:24, 22:29–30, 23:17, 24:22–24, 26:12, 30:22–24, 31:18, 34:6, 34:18, 34:23, 34:36, 35:15, 36:14, 36:33, 38:36, 40:24, 41:17 and 42:6.
Redeemer identity, the perspective from or without flesh at 19:26, the relation of the Greek wish to resurrection reception, and the genre of the Greek final epilogue remain interpretive questions. Do not use divine capitalization or harmonization to settle them silently.
Recheck ambiguous agents and referents especially at 9:3, 9:24, 9:34, 16:19–21, 18:14–18, 23:9, 24:22, 27:22–23, 28:3–11, 33:26, 34:19, 36:33, 37:4 and 41:4, 15.
The written/read Hebrew policy has been documented at selected material passages, not collated exhaustively. Any later qere adoption should name the source, update the English and explain its effect on classification.
Animal, constellation, gemstone and monetary identifications remain source-specific and in some cases uncertain; no modern biological taxonomy, astronomical equivalence or currency value is certified.
The Greek epilogue states a Syriac-book provenance and identifies Job with Jobab. These claims are faithfully translated as claims of that text, not independently established history or manuscript genealogy.
No independent collation of Hebrew manuscripts, Greek witnesses, Hexaplaric signs, full critical apparatus, Cyril’s Greek or Gregory’s Latin has been performed. Reception is selective, not a substitute for those tasks.
Review record
Completed: Direct full reading of all forty-two Hebrew and forty-two Greek running chapter texts.
Completed: Independent English drafting from each declared ancient-language source, followed by authorial clause comparison and category notes.
Completed: Complete source-unit and alignment counts checked against per-chapter draft sequences.
Completed: Twenty-two attributed reception notes checked against actual cited primary-work passages.
Completed: Selected rare Greek words checked against the two directly read LSJ entries; unresolved meanings remain disclosed.
The independent second-reader pass covered twenty-nine selected Greek passages and specified related Hebrew comparisons. Independent full-book review, qualified human review, apparatus collation and publication certification are not claimed. Native content and layout checks are recorded separately.
Completed: A second AI agent independently read twenty-nine selected difficult Greek source passages, with Hebrew chapter twenty-eight and thirty-six plus specified related passages in thirty-seven and thirty-nine.
Completed: Three material Greek corrections at 36:21, 37:18 and 40:24 were adopted after direct lexical checking; source transliterations were clarified with attributed scholarly notes. All other selected difficulties retain their stated qualifications.