Joshua — Hebrew and Greek compared
Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.
Source guide and review record
SAINTS TRANSLATION
The Book of Joshua
Chapters 1–24
Independent literal-smooth translations
from the Hebrew and Greek texts
Christ-centered reading headings • Verse-by-verse classifications
Jewish and Christian reception • Sources and translation decisions
Reviewed V1 | Sep 11, 2026
Complete working translation draft
658 Hebrew verses • 659 Greek numbered units • 668 comparison rows
Prepared under the final Bible Translation Reference Document. All twenty-four chapters have been reviewed in both ancient-language publisher main texts. The source declaration retains the history of four provisional chapter substitutions and records their resolution in this revision.
“Rabbinic Priority” and “Saints Priority” identify the reception traditions consulted. Each translation remains governed by its own selected source.
Continuous reading: Saints Translation — Joshua — Liturgical V1
Reader’s guide
Read horizontally to compare the two source readings. Read down either translation column to follow that tradition; visible MT and LXX references preserve the actual numbering where material has been moved or added. Square brackets mark editorial absence notices, never reconstructed biblical wording.
The English was drafted independently from the declared Hebrew and Greek running texts. Ordinary English syntax is smoothed while meaningful subjects, negatives, repetitions, names, numbers, objects, ritual terms, and changes of speaker are retained. Attributed reception follows the textual comparison in the third column.
Source basis and the extent of review
Column | Main-text basis | Declared exceptions |
|---|---|---|
Hebrew–English | BHS1997 publisher main text, all twenty-four chapters [H]. | Historical access fallbacks, now resolved: chapters 8, 11, 24 used Mechon Mamre [H-S]. |
Greek–English | RH2006 publisher main text, all twenty-four chapters [G]. | Historical access fallback, now resolved: chapter 10 used the Swete transcription [G-S]. |
Every Hebrew BHS1997 and Greek RH2006 running-text unit was personally reviewed for translation, context, notes, and alignment. This is not a Göttingen or manuscript-apparatus collation. The formerly provisional chapter fallbacks have been resolved against the preferred publisher main texts; historical source declarations and remaining limits are retained below.
How the five categories work
Category | Governing criterion |
|---|---|
Same | Corresponding meaning and content, allowing ordinary differences between languages. |
Similar | The essentials agree; a modest difference of expression, idiom, or emphasis is worth noting. |
Different | A meaningful difference of detail, name, number, action, participant, or image. |
Divergent | Added, absent, or substantially rearranged material governs the comparison. |
Disparate | A major difference in meaning or consequence, including legal scope, agency, ritual outcome, or narrative force. Strict contradiction is not required. |
One governing category is assigned per comparison row, not per distinct manuscript variant. A moved unit may therefore produce several Divergent rows. Categories assess textual relationships and do not rank religious traditions.
Headings and reading map
Book headings use dark type. Chapter headings are red, following the project’s Blood of Jesus convention. Major pericope headings are purple, the Majesty of Jesus convention. Bold minor headings divide complete reading units. All are real Word heading styles for navigation.
Christ-centered headings are editorial reception guides. A reading is described as a published lectionary selection only where its exact range and observance were verified. The whole verse remains in the table even when a lectionary selects only a clause. Other units are explicitly editorial or thematic; they do not claim a historical calendar assignment.
Code | Verified selection | Observance / Christian reading context |
|---|---|---|
L1 | Joshua 3:7–8, 15–17 | Byzantine Theophany Eve, Vespers, fourth reading (OCA). |
L2 | Joshua 5:10–15 | Byzantine Great and Holy Saturday, Vespers, fifth reading (OCA). |
L3 | Joshua 5:13–15 | Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers, Vespers, first reading (OCA). |
L4 | Joshua 5:9a, 10–12 | Roman Fourth Sunday of Lent, Year C, Lectionary 33; paired with 2 Corinthians 5:17–21 and Luke 15:1–3, 11–32. |
L5 | Joshua 24:1–2a, 15–17, 18b | Roman Twenty-first Sunday in Ordinary Time, Year B, Lectionary 122; paired with John 6:60–69. |
OCA and USCCB calendar instances document these particular published selections. This is not a comprehensive history of all Christian lectionaries. The sources and verification links appear in the source register.
Reading the notes
Text explains the actual relationship between the selected readings. Rabbinic identifies a particular Jewish interpretation, chiefly Rashi here, without implying unanimity. Saints identifies apostolic or named patristic reception; editorial canonical connections are labeled as such. Source codes in brackets lead to the register. Later identifications and typology are not inserted into translated clauses.
Book navigation
Chapter | Reading | Page | Chapter | Reading | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Commission and courage | 13 | Remaining land; eastern grants | ||
2 | Rahab and the messengers | 14 | Caleb and Hebron | ||
3 | The Jordan crossing | 15 | Judah’s boundaries and towns | ||
4 | The memorial stones | 16 | Ephraim and Gezer | ||
5 | Circumcision and Passover | 17 | Manasseh’s inheritance | ||
6 | Jericho and Rahab’s rescue | 18 | Shiloh and Benjamin | ||
7 | Achan and the defeat at Ai | 19 | The remaining tribal portions | ||
8 | Ai and the covenant reading | 20 | The refuge cities | ||
9 | The Gibeonite covenant | 21 | The Levitical towns and rest | ||
10 | The southern campaign | 22 | The witness altar | ||
11 | The northern campaign | 23 | Joshua’s farewell charge | ||
12 | The conquered kings | 24 | The covenant and the endings |
Numbering in brief
MT chapter and verse numbers organize navigation. Greek additions carry their actual LXX numbers and an editorial notice in the Hebrew cell. MT 8:30–35 is paired with LXX 9:2a–f; the Dan/Judah accounts and the final death-and-service notices are aligned by subject. The detailed alignment guide accounts for the changed sequence at the end.
Sources, Method & Decisions
Reviewed V1 • Sep 11, 2026. The publisher main texts for all twenty-four Hebrew and Greek chapters, the cited reception passages, and the identified liturgical selections were checked in this review. No manuscript image, Göttingen apparatus, or full critical apparatus was collated; no NETS comparison is claimed.
The translation process and its limits
The work proceeded through independent Hebrew and Greek drafts, subject and verse alignment, comparison classification, attributed reception, consistent terminology, and complete-book structural review. Coverage checks account for every declared source unit once. Page rendering verifies the document’s layout; it does not certify disputed lexical judgments or establish an original text.
English is newly drafted for this volume from the declared ancient-language texts. Existing Saints Translation manuscripts and the updated reference document supply editorial conventions, not replacement base texts. Modern English versions printed beside ancient texts or in lectionary pages were not copied as the translation. Brief modern reception paraphrases identify their sources.
Source register
[H] Karl Elliger and Wilhelm Rudolph, eds.; fifth corrected edition prepared by Adrian Schenker. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (1997), Joshua, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft online main text. Direct running-text scope: all twenty-four chapters, including the three formerly provisional access fallbacks. The online chapter presentation, not its critical apparatus, was read. Chapter links are listed below. Source
[H-S] Mechon Mamre, Hebrew–English Bible, Joshua 8, 11, and 24; pointed Masoretic Hebrew main text. Historical source record: these were provisional access substitutes in the original draft. On Sep 11, 2026, all three chapters were reviewed against the now accessible BHS1997 main text and that preferred source was adopted. The accompanying JPS 1917 English was not adopted as the translation base. The site does not establish direct BHS apparatus access. Source
[G] Alfred Rahlfs, revised by Robert Hanhart, eds. Septuaginta, second revised edition (2006), Joshua, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft online main text. Direct running-text scope: all twenty-four chapters, including the formerly provisional chapter 10. No Göttingen edition or critical apparatus was directly consulted. Source
[G-S] Henry Barclay Swete, ed. The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, vol. I, fourth edition (1909; reprinted 1925), Joshua 10. Accessed through Bible Hub’s Swete Septuagint page, using the Eliran Wong transcription; the page adjusts verse numbering to familiar English alignment. The wider electronic corpus may be labeled LXX-Swete-1930; that label is not the publication date of the Joshua volume. Historical source record: this provisional access fallback has now been checked throughout against RH2006, which is adopted in this revision. The four resulting wording changes are listed under Source substitutions resolved. Source
[R1] Rashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki), Commentary on Joshua 1:6–9; Chabad’s Hebrew/English presentation in The Complete Jewish Bible with Rashi Commentary. Reception concerning courage, Torah, and meditation. Source
[R2] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 2:1, 4; Chabad presentation. Rahab’s occupation and the singular object of hiding. Source
[R5] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 5:2, 11, 15; Chabad presentation. Circumcision, omer, and Michael. The displayed Hebrew at 5:1 was also checked for its written/read distinction. Source
[R6] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 6:15; Chabad presentation. The seventh day as Sabbath. The displayed Hebrew at 6:7 was also checked for its written/read distinction. Source
[R7] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 7:19, 24–25; Chabad presentation. The lot’s credibility and the scope of the punishment. Source
[R14] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 14:10; Chabad presentation. The forty-five-year chronology. Source
[R15] The Complete Jewish Bible with Rashi Commentary, Joshua 15, Chabad Hebrew presentation. Textual display checked at 15:47, 52–53 for written/read and name distinctions; this source is not treated as a BHS apparatus. Source
[R17] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 17:5, 8; Chabad presentation. The ten portions and Tappuah’s city/outskirts distinction. Source
[R20] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 20:6; Chabad presentation. Judgment, refuge residence, and the high priest’s death. Source
[R22] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 22:27, 34; Chabad presentation. The witness altar and its compressed naming statement. Source
[R24] Rashi, Commentary on Joshua 24:19; Chabad presentation. The plural-form expression of divine holiness. Source
[JUS] Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, chapters 111 and 113. English translation by Marcus Dods and George Reith in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1; New Advent presentation. The scarlet cord, stone knives, Joshua’s name, and the inheritance typology were read directly in these sections. Notes give paraphrases of selected arguments. Source
[CYR] Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 10, section 11. English translation by Edwin Hamilton Gifford in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, second series, vol. 7 (1894); New Advent presentation. Direct reception scope: Joshua/Jesus, Jordan/baptism, the twelve men for dividing the inheritance, and Rahab. Source
[AMB] Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy, book II, sections 129–130, New Advent English presentation. Direct reception scope: Achan’s avarice and its danger to the community. Source
[L1] Orthodox Church in America, daily readings: Joshua 3:7–8, 15–17, Theophany Eve, Vespers, fourth reading; calendar instance Jan 5, 2017. Used to verify the selection and service, not as an English translation base. Source
[L2] Orthodox Church in America, daily readings: Joshua 5:10–15, Great and Holy Saturday, Vespers, fifth reading; calendar instance Apr 15, 2028. The calendar page identifies the observance. Used to verify the selection and service. Source
[L3] Orthodox Church in America, daily readings: Joshua 5:13–15, Vespers, first reading, Nov 8, 2025; Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers. The OCA feast reflection for the same date confirms the observance. Source
[L4] United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Fourth Sunday of Lent, Year C, Lectionary 33: Joshua 5:9a, 10–12; 2 Corinthians 5:17–21; Luke 15:1–3, 11–32. Calendar instance Mar 31, 2019. Selection and companion readings were checked directly; the NAB wording was not used as the translation base. Source
[L5] United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Twenty-first Sunday in Ordinary Time, Year B, Lectionary 122: Joshua 24:1–2a, 15–17, 18b, with John 6:60–69. Calendar instance Aug 25, 2024. Selection and Gospel pairing were checked directly. Source
Direct chapter access for the base texts
BHS publisher presentation [H]: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · Newly verified: 8 · 11 · 24
Rahlfs–Hanhart publisher presentation [G]: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · Newly verified: 10
Historical Mechon Mamre access fallbacks [H-S], now resolved: 8 · 11 · 24
Liturgical context checks: OCA Holy Saturday calendar · OCA Synaxis reflection
Apostolic references are cited by biblical book, chapter, and verse in the headings and notes. Direct reception of Joshua is distinguished from thematic connections to other New Testament passages. No new New Testament translation or New Testament apparatus review is claimed.
Numbering and source alignment
Navigation follows the 658 Hebrew verses of Joshua 1–24. The Greek presentation contains 659 numbered units, including lettered units. The comparison has 668 rows: 658 Hebrew verse rows and 10 independent Greek-addition rows. Nine Hebrew verse rows have no separate Greek counterpart. A partial absence inside a verse is explained in its note rather than counted as another row.
Hebrew location | Greek location / relationship | Treatment in this volume |
|---|---|---|
6:4 | No separate Greek verse at this location. | Editorial absence notice; related instructions remain where the Greek gives them. |
8:13, 26 | No separate Greek counterparts. | Two editorial absence notices. |
8:30–35 | LXX 9:2a–f, following Greek 9:2. | Aligned by subject at MT 8:30–35; actual Greek references shown. Not translated again in chapter 9. |
10:15, 43 | Absent from adopted RH2006; also absent from the historical Swete fallback. | Two editorial absence notices; the former chapter source substitution is now resolved. |
13:33 | No separate Greek counterpart; Greek 13:14 already calls the Lord Levi’s inheritance. | Absence notice at 13:33; Greek 13:14 is not duplicated. |
No Hebrew row | LXX 15:59a. | Eleven-town addition, including Bethlehem, inserted after MT 15:59. |
19:47–48 | LXX 19:48 and 19:47, respectively. | Conquest and inheritance summaries aligned by subject. Greek original sequence is 47, 47a, 48, 48a. |
No Hebrew rows | LXX 19:47a and 48a. | 47a is displayed after MT 19:46, before the aligned conquest account. 48a follows MT 19:48. Neither receives an invented MT number. |
20:4–6 | No separate Greek counterparts. | Three absence notices; Greek judicial-hearing clauses remain at 20:3 and 20:9. |
No Hebrew rows | LXX 21:42a–d. | Four addition rows after MT 21:42. The repeated grant is repeated by the source, not by editorial error. |
24:29–31 | LXX 24:30, 31, 29, respectively. | Death, burial, and service aligned by subject. Greek order is service, death, burial. |
No Hebrew rows | LXX 24:31a and 33a–b. | 31a follows the burial row MT 24:30. The final two additions follow MT 24:33. |
Other unequal material remains inside its source-numbered verse, for example Greek 6:26 and 16:10. The king lists in chapter 12 retain each source’s numbered sequence rather than silently exchanging entries. MT is a reference label for the Hebrew sequence, not a claim that every chapter was accessed in one identical printed edition.
Contextual term record
The table records decisions in this Joshua volume, not universal Hebrew–Greek equivalences. The supporting evidence is the declared running text at the cited passages; reception sources are used only where identified. Transliteration here is a reading aid, not a formal critical transliteration system.
Term or source expression | English rendering | Context and reason |
|---|---|---|
YHWH / kyrios | YHWH / Lord | Preserve the name/title represented by each source; do not expand a shorter divine title. Joshua 1:1–2; 24:2, 19. |
elohim; el / theos | God; contextual divine-title wording | The repeated titles at 22:22 retain their source-specific syntax. Plural-form elohim at 24:19 is not translated as multiple gods in this singular context. |
Yehoshua / Iēsous | Joshua | Use Joshua for the son of Nun. Jesus appears in Christian reception; the shared Greek name does not identify the two historical persons. 1:1; 24:29 / LXX 24:30. |
torah / nomos | Torah / law | Torah means instruction; the recurring Mosaic book formula is kept consistent. 1:7–8; 8:31–34 / LXX 9:2b–e; 22:5; 23:6; 24:26. |
ḥerem; ḥaram / anathema; anathematizō | the ban; devoted to destruction / under the ban | Context determines sacred reservation and lethal destruction. Preserve explicit killing and destruction; the noun alone is not a modern moral classification. 6:17–21; 7:1, 11–15. |
yarash / kataklēronomeō, exolethreuō and related verbs | possess or dispossess / inherit or destroy as actually written | Do not harmonize acquisition, expulsion, and destruction. 16:10; 23:5; 24:8 show why this distinction matters. |
zonah / pornē | prostitute | Translate the ordinary lexical sense; identify the received innkeeper reading separately in Rashi’s note. 2:1; 6:25. |
ḥesed / eleos | kindness / mercy | Preserve the covenant appeal and its context; paired truth/faithfulness remains visible. 2:12, 14. |
tsur / petrinos | flint / stone | Material distinctions are retained in the circumcision knives. The commander’s identity and Justin’s heart-circumcision typology belong to notes. 5:2–3; LXX 21:42d; 24:31a. |
adderet Shinar / psilē poikilē | mantle from Shinar / patterned carpet | The garment’s origin differs from the Greek textile description. Psilē is provisionally rendered carpet; its precise textile form needs further lexical review. 7:21. |
sheqel / didrachmon | shekel / didrachm | Retain source denominations without claiming a universal exchange equation or minted coinage in the Hebrew narrative. 7:21. |
qesitah / amnas | qesitah / ewe lambs | Retain the uncertain Hebrew payment unit and the Greek animals independently. No fixed silver or modern money conversion is supplied. 24:32. |
olah / holokautōma; shelamim / sōtēria | burnt offering / whole burnt offering; peace offering / well-being sacrifice | Retain the respective ritual vocabulary and number of offerings. 8:31 / LXX 9:2b; 22:23, 27–29. |
ishsheh / karpōma | offering by fire / offering, where each actually occurs | Greek offering language does not itself prove absence of fire. At 13:14 the Greek inheritance is the Lord Himself, not a lexical equivalent of Hebrew offerings by fire. |
ohel moed / skēnē tou martyriou | Tent of Meeting / Tent of Testimony | Keep the distinct sanctuary designations. 18:1; 19:51. |
migrash / aphorisma; perisporia | pastureland / allotted land; surrounding land | The distribution of the terms and recipients is preserved in the Levitical towns. The linked property clauses at 21:11–13 require further apparatus review. |
goel ha-dam / ho anchisteuōn to haima | avenger of blood / next of kin avenging the blood | The Greek explicitly expresses kinship. Both remain within the ancient refuge law. 20:3, 5, 9. |
ger / prosēlytos | sojourner | Render the resident outsider in context; do not automatically introduce a later formal conversion status. 8:33, 35; 20:9. |
eved / pais, doulos | servant / servant or attendant, according to context | English follows context. At LXX 24:30, doulos is rendered servant of the Lord as an honorific religious-service title. Its lexical range includes slave; the note records this without implying a new civil status. Compare Judges 2:8. |
ammah; yovel; qeren | cubit; ram’s horn | Retain ancient measures and instrument descriptions. No unsupported modern length conversion is added. 3:4; 6:4–5. |
shoter / grammateus; edah / synagōgē | officer / scribe; congregation | Institutional terms retain their narrative roles. Neither assembly nor congregation is silently replaced by Church. 1:10; 20:3, 6, 9. |
Material decisions and remaining questions
Source substitutions resolved. The original draft provisionally used Mechon Mamre for Hebrew 8, 11, 24 and the Swete transcription for Greek 10 because preferred publisher access was unavailable. All four chapters have now been directly checked against BHS1997 or RH2006, adopted throughout. Greek 10 changes Dabin to Debir (10:3), Gaza to Gezer (10:33), restores the sword and all-breathing slaughter clauses (10:35), and changes Nabai to the Negeb (10:40). No chapter or verse numbering changes result. No additional Hebrew wording difference arose from replacing the fallback; the finite-action correction at 8:29 is a translation correction, not an edition variant.
Written and read forms. At 5:1 the Hebrew column follows the displayed written we, while the received read form is they [R5]. At 6:7 it follows singular he said in the read tradition [R6]. At 15:47 and 15:53 it adopts the verified read forms Great and Janum [R15], with the written forms identified in the verse notes. These are explicit local decisions, not a complete ketiv/qere collation.
The town at 15:52. The declared BHS web presentation displays Rumah; the Chabad presentation has Dumah. The Hebrew translation keeps Rumah as the selected base reading and records the difference, rather than silently replacing it.
Chapter 5’s circumcision account. The differing forty / forty-two years and accounts of the exodus generation are preserved. The classification is based on narrative assertions, not on a claim that either community’s theology is inferior.
The commander at 5:13–15. The translated commander remains unnamed. Rashi’s Michael identification, the Church’s angelic feast use, and Christian typology are reception evidence, not words added to the biblical clause.
Achan / Achar and the punishment. Both names and the singular/plural actions at 7:25 remain visible. Rashi’s interpretation concerning the children and animals is attributed. Greek silence does not establish what happened to unnamed persons.
Sun, moon, and agency. At 10:13, the nation’s vengeance and God’s repelling the enemies differ explicitly. Both complete accounts affirm divine aid; this does not erase the clause’s major agency shift. The astronomical language is not replaced with a proposed scientific event. All of Greek chapter 10 has now been verified against RH2006.
Geographical rosters. Conventional names are normalized only when identification is sufficiently clear. Uncertain Greek forms are retained. A Different label on a name records the textual form or list relationship; it does not prove two distinct archaeological sites. Horonin in Greek 10:10–11 is retained without equating it with Moabite Horonaim.
Numbers in town lists. Stated totals are translated even when they do not transparently match a modern count of named items. Compound names, textual forms, and unequal lists are noted where relevant; totals are not silently repaired.
Dan / Judah at 19:47–48. The subject-aligned account retains Hebrew Dan and Leshem versus Greek Judah, Lachish, and Lasendak. The separate Greek pressure-and-tribute additions remain visible with their actual references.
Refuge law. The Hebrew admission, non-extradition, and high-priest-death provisions at 20:4–6 are not supplied to the shorter Greek chapter. Greek hearing clauses at 20:3 and 20:9 remain in their locations.
Levitical property and refuge scope. The surrounding-land clause and changed recipients at 21:11–12 remain explicit; different land terms alone do not establish separate technical property categories. At 21:27, plural Greek refuge wording apparently extends to Gaulon and Bosora. Chapter 20’s six cities contextualize but do not erase the plural. Disparate remains provisional; no seventh historical city or reconstructed law is asserted, and no apparatus was collated.
The witness altar. At 22:34 the compressed Hebrew naming clause is not silently completed with the name Witness; Rashi’s supplied understanding is in the note. At 22:19, unclean / too small is preserved as a major difference in the relocation premise.
The last covenant and endings. Shechem / Shiloh at 24:1, 25, the shifted divine and human speakers in 24:2–13, the Greek order of 24:29–31, and the Greek additions through 24:33b are retained. The Greek’s closing apostasy and Moabite subjection are part of its translated ending.
Classification judgment. One category governs each comparison row. Disparate means a major change in meaning or consequence, not necessarily strict contradiction. Added or moved material is ordinarily Divergent; a major resulting legal or narrative change may govern as Disparate.
Remaining review questions
1. The three Hebrew and one Greek access fallbacks have been resolved against the preferred publisher main texts, with the source decision and all resulting wording changes recorded above. The historical fallback records are retained.
2. Undertake a book-specific critical apparatus review, including Göttingen where available, before making claims about particular manuscripts, original readings, scribal motives, or the historical direction of variants.
3. Recheck rare textile, territorial, and property terms, especially psilē at 7:21, the compressed territorial-loss clause at 19:47, and the Greek property and refuge syntax at 21:11–13, 27.
4. Review uncertain town forms, compound-name divisions, and apparent roster/count tensions with a named gazetteer and the relevant apparatus; retain the present source wording until evidence warrants a change.
5. Submit the complete English to qualified Hebrew, Septuagint, Jewish-interpretive, and patristic/liturgical reviewers before treating this working volume as a critical or publication-approved translation.
Classification totals and Disparate index
Totals count comparison rows. They are not percentages of disagreement between manuscripts, counts of unique variants, or a ranking of theological difference. The same sustained contrast may govern adjacent rows.
Category | Rows | Share of 668 comparison rows |
|---|---|---|
Same | 140 | 21.0% |
Similar | 149 | 22.3% |
Different | 219 | 32.8% |
Divergent | 140 | 21.0% |
Disparate | 20 | 3.0% |
Total | 668 | 100.0% |
Rows classified Disparate
This index gives the governing reason in the verse note. Follow the row to read both full translations and any qualifications. The legal-scope judgment at 21:27 is expressly provisional.
Source reference(s) | Governing textual consequence |
|---|---|
MT 2:14 | The second speech belongs to the men in Hebrew but to Rahab in Greek; land becomes city. The non-disclosure condition is absent here in Greek, though a condition follows in verse 20. |
MT 2:20 | Greek broadens the release condition from Rahab’s disclosure to anyone’s wrongdoing or disclosure, materially changing the oath’s stated scope. |
MT 5:4 | Hebrew explains the death of the departing military generation; Greek identifies uncircumcised people from the journey and the exodus. Read with verses 5–6 for the contrasting account. |
MT 5:5 | Hebrew expressly says all who left Egypt were circumcised; Greek’s sentence, begun in verse 4, includes uncircumcised people who left Egypt. This is a substantive narrative contrast, not merely shorter wording. |
MT 5:6 | Forty / forty-two years differs. Greek’s explanation of uncircumcision and Hebrew’s account of the generation’s death also give this verse a different narrative force. |
MT 7:7 | Hebrew addresses God as the one who brought them across; Greek assigns that action to “Your servant.” This materially changes the complaint’s agency. |
MT 7:25 | Greek narrates the stoning of him only; Hebrew additionally describes burning and stoning “them.” Do not infer from Greek silence that the family was spared, or erase Hebrew’s plural actions. |
MT 10:13 | The nation’s vengeance in Hebrew becomes God’s repelling the enemies in Greek, an explicit major agency difference. Greek also lacks the Book of the Upright citation. Both broader accounts affirm divine aid (10:10, 14); that compatibility does not erase this clause’s change. Neither text is converted into a modern astronomical explanation. |
MT 11:19 | Hebrew expressly exempts Gibeon from conquest by battle. Greek gives an unqualified conquest summary here and lacks the peace exception; its own covenant narrative in chapter 9 remains present. |
MT 16:10 | Hebrew concludes with forced labor. Greek instead adds a later capture, killing, burning, and Pharaoh’s dowry grant. Its to this day followed by until is retained; compare the related biblical narrative in 1 Kings 9:16. |
MT 17:5 | Hebrew states ten portions plus the eastern territories; Greek gives a geographical description with Anassa and Labek and no ten-portion total. The allocation statement differs substantially. |
MT 19:47 / LXX 19:48 | The aligned conquest account names Dan, Leshem, and the renaming Dan in Hebrew, but Judah, Lachish, and Lasendak in Greek. These differences change the actors, place, and resulting name. Hebrew’s opening territorial-loss clause is difficult and rendered in light of the migration context. |
MT 20:6 | The declared Greek chapter has no high-priest-death condition or subsequent homecoming rule. This changes the law’s stated duration and release provision, even though both forms require judgment before the congregation. |
MT 21:12 | Hebrew gives Caleb the field and villages, after granting pasturelands to the Levites. Greek names Caleb’s sons and links the surrounding lands from verse 11 to their grant. Verse 13 uses another Greek land term for the priestly allotment. Different terms alone do not establish non-overlapping technical property categories; the recipients and clause structure remain distinct. |
MT 21:27 | Hebrew marks Golan alone as the refuge city, then names Beeshterah. Greek introduces plural cities set apart for killers and names Gaulon and Bosora, apparently extending the stated designation. Chapter 20’s six cities contextualize the tension but do not narrow this plural clause. The major legal-scope classification is provisional: no seventh historical city or reconstructed law is established, and no apparatus was collated. |
MT 22:19 | Unclean land in Hebrew becomes land too small in Greek, changing the stated reason for relocation. Hebrew also forbids rebellion against us; Greek repeats departure from God/the Lord. |
MT 23:5 | Greek adds destruction by wild animals and the kings’ destruction, where Hebrew promises expulsion and possession. The means and force of the promise differ substantially. |
MT 24:8 | Final destruction is attributed to God in Hebrew and to the addressed Israelites in Greek. This explicit major agency shift follows God’s delivery of the Amorites into Israel’s hand in both texts. The shared divine enabling does not erase the changed agent, nor does the change imply that Greek removes God from the victory. |
MT 24:10 | Hebrew says God refused to listen to Balaam, who then blessed Israel. Greek says the Lord refused to destroy Israel and continues with blessing and deliverance, naturally with the Lord as subject; it also adds handing them over. |
LXX 24:33b | The Greek book closes with apostasy and subjection to Moab for eighteen years, material absent from the Hebrew ending. Astarte and Ashtaroth are both retained; compare the related Eglon episode in Judges 3:12–14. This addition changes the book’s concluding narrative movement. |
Version record
V1 • Sep 7, 2026. First complete Joshua volume under the updated reference guide: independent source translations; all Hebrew verses and Greek numbered units accounted for; expanded Disparate criterion; Christ-centered heading hierarchy; verified OCA and Roman lectionary selections; attributed reception; source substitutions and open questions disclosed. Whole-book coverage and rendered layout checked. No external scholarly approval or critical apparatus review claimed.
Reviewed V1 • Sep 11, 2026. Complete personal main-text review of all Hebrew and Greek chapters and all 668 comparison rows; fourteen translated-cell corrections or source adoptions; eighteen note updates; all cited Rashi, Justin, Cyril, Ambrose, and five liturgical anchors rechecked in the identified primary presentations. The Cyril twelve-men attribution is narrowed to inheritance division. Disparate 13:14 is reclassified Divergent on the full linked 13:14/33 alignment; the index now contains twenty Disparate rows. The other four categories total 140 Same, 149 Similar, 219 Different, and 140 Divergent. This remains a working translation with the stated lexical and apparatus limits.
New Testament reception check: the cited passages were read for the claims made in the notes and editorial headings, using the USCCB biblical presentation; John 4:10–14 was checked in the OCA reading of John 4:5–42. These checks support the cited motifs and direct Joshua reception; they do not make the editorial thematic associations historical lectionary assignments or new translations.
Additional reception access: Hebrews 3–4 · Hebrews 11 · Hebrews 13 · James 2 · John 4