Nehemiah — Hebrew and Greek compared

MinisterShared rebuilding

Nehemiah 3 — The builders, the wall and the mockery — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation: Nehemiah 1–13 [V2]

Same 7 Similar 7 Different 16 Divergent 4 Disparate 4

Disparate in this chapter: H 3:15, H 3:34, H 3:37, H 3:38

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Nehemiah 3 — The builders, the wall and the mockery

H 3:1–5 — The Sheep Gate and Fish Gate

Verse H 3:1 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:1

Eliashib the high priest and his brothers the priests arose and built the Sheep Gate. They consecrated it and set up its doors; they consecrated it as far as the Tower of the Hundred, as far as the Tower of Hananel.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:1

Elisoub the high priest and his brothers the priests arose and built the Sheep Gate. They consecrated it and set up its doors, and consecrated as far as the Tower of the Hundred, as far as the Tower of Ananeel,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both repeat consecration and name the same two tower limits. H repeats it as the object; G leaves the second object's extent implicit and continues into the next source verse. Saints: Jerome, Letter 53.8, treats Ezra and Nehemiah as one book and notes the allocation of walls and towers to particular families. He sees deeper meaning alongside the narrative but does not identify each builder's allegorical counterpart in this passage [S-JER].

Verse H 3:2 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:2

Next to him the men of Jericho built, and next to him Zaccur son of Imri built.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:2

and alongside the sons of the men of Jericho, and alongside the sons of Zakchour son of Amari.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H names the men of Jericho and Zaccur as builders, repeating built. G has sons in both phrases and no new building verb; its sentence continues from 13:1. G's Amari differs from H's Imri.

Verse H 3:3 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:3

The sons of Hassenaah built the Fish Gate. They laid its beams and set up its doors, locks and bars.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:3

The sons of Asana built the Fish Gate. They roofed it and set up its doors, locks and bars.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H describes laying beams; G describes roofing. The gate, building group and three fittings correspond.

Verse H 3:4 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:4

Next to them Meremoth son of Uriah son of Hakkoz repaired. Next to them Meshullam son of Berechiah son of Meshezabel repaired. Next to them Zadok son of Baana repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:4

Next to them, from Ramoth, a son of Ouria son of Akos took charge. Next to them Mosollam son of Barachias son of Masezebel took charge. Next to them Sadok son of Baana took charge.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G separates apo Ramoth, from Ramoth, where H names Meremoth. The unusual Greek opening is retained without silently restoring the Hebrew personal name. Took charge renders katecho contextually in this building list; the remaining ancestral forms are preserved.

Verse H 3:5 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:5

Next to them the Tekoites repaired, but their nobles did not bring their necks into the service of their masters.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:5

Next to them the Thekoin took charge, but the adoreem did not bring their necks into their service.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H names their nobles and the service of their masters; G borrows adoreem and has their service without an expressed lord. H's plural-form masters can also designate their Lord, and its precise referent is not forced into the text. Rabbinic: The commentary presented as Rashi identifies the nobles as wealthy Tekoites and reads the refused work as service to God [R3, 3:5].

H 3:6–12 — The Old Gate and adjoining districts

Verse H 3:6 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:6

Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah repaired the Old Gate. They laid its beams and set up its doors, locks and bars.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:6

Ioida son of Phasek and Mesoulam son of Basodia repaired the gate of Isana. They roofed it and set up its doors, locks and bars.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H's Old Gate is represented in G by the borrowed Isana designation. The two builders and the structural work correspond, with source-specific name forms.

Verse H 3:7 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:7

Next to them Melatiah the Gibeonite and Jadon the Meronothite, the men of Gibeon and Mizpah, repaired as far as the seat of the governor of Beyond the River.

Greek–English (G)

G —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Greek main text.]

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G passes directly from source 13:6 to 13:8 and has no 13:7 entry. H's named builders, places and governor's seat are not supplied to G. H's to/for the seat may instead describe work for that seat or jurisdiction; the spatial reading is provisional.

Verse H 3:8 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:8

Next to him Uzziel son of Harhaiah, of the goldsmiths, repaired. Next to him Hananiah, of the perfumers, repaired, and they reinforced Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:8

Next to them Ananias son of Rokeim repaired, and they left Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G omits Uzziel and the goldsmith group and treats Rokeim as a borrowed name where H names perfumers. H's wayyaazvu is contextually rendered reinforced, but the common leave sense remains a lexical alternative; G explicitly has left. Rabbinic: The commentary presented as Rashi explains H's difficult verb as filling earth to strengthen the wall [R3, 3:8]; that explanation is not an excavated historical fact.

Verse H 3:9 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:9

Next to them Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:9

Next to them Raphaia, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, repaired.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G omits son of Hur. The half-district office is retained in both columns.

Verse H 3:10 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:10

Next to them Jedaiah son of Harumaph repaired opposite his house. Next to him Hattush son of Hashabneiah repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:10

Next to them Iedaia son of Eromaph repaired, opposite his house. Next to him Atous son of Asbania repaired.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: The two builders and the position opposite the first man's house correspond; the source forms of their fathers' names remain visible.

Verse H 3:11 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:11

Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab repaired a second section, and the Tower of the Ovens.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:11

As second, Melchias son of Eram and Asoub son of Phaathmoab repaired, as far as the Tower of the Thannourim.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H explicitly names a second measure or section and the tower as an object of repair. G has masculine second without measure here, and as far as the tower. Its Thannourim preserves H's oven designation as a borrowed term.

Verse H 3:12 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:12

Next to him Shallum son of Hallohesh, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, repaired, he and his daughters.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:12

Next to him Saloum son of Alloes, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, repaired, he and his daughters.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both explicitly include the ruler's daughters in the work; neither replaces them with unnamed male workers. Rabbinic: The commentary presented as Rashi likewise attributes participation in the building to Shallum and his daughters [R3, 3:12].

H 3:13–16 — The southern gates and the City of David

Verse H 3:13 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:13

Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired the Valley Gate. They built it and set up its doors, locks and bars, and a thousand cubits of wall as far as the Dung Gate.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:13

Anoun and the inhabitants of Zano repaired the Valley Gate. They built it and set up its doors, locks and bars, and a thousand cubits of wall as far as the Dung Gate.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both preserve the same builders, gate fittings, thousand-cubit extent and endpoint. No modern conversion of the cubit is supplied.

Verse H 3:14 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:14

Malchijah son of Rechab, ruler of the district of Beth-haccherem, repaired the Dung Gate. He built it and set up its doors, locks and bars.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:14

Melchia son of Rechab, ruler of the district of Bethacharm, repaired the Dung Gate, he and his sons. They covered it and set up its doors, locks and bars,

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G explicitly adds his sons and uses plural they covered it; H has he built it. G's construction continues into source 13:15.

Verse H 3:15 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:15

Shallun son of Col-hozeh, ruler of the district of Mizpah, repaired the Fountain Gate. He built it and roofed it, and they set up its doors, locks and bars, and the wall of the Pool of Shelah by the king's garden, as far as the steps descending from the City of David.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:15

and the wall of the Pool of Fleeces, for the king's shearing, and as far as the steps descending from the City of David.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: G omits Shallun, his office, the Fountain Gate and its construction details. It continues the preceding work list with a pool of fleeces and royal shearing where H has Shelah and the king's garden; the difficult Greek topographical phrase is retained provisionally. H's displayed written wayaamidu, they set up, differs from the separately attested singular read form [R3, 3:15]; the plural is not silently replaced.

Verse H 3:16 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:16

After him Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of half the district of Beth-zur, repaired as far as opposite David's graves, as far as the constructed pool, and as far as the House of the Warriors.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:16

After him Neemias son of Azabouch, ruler of half the district of Bethsour, repaired as far as the garden of David's tomb, as far as the pool that had been made, and as far as Bethaggabarim.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has opposite David's graves; G has a garden of his tomb. G retains Bethaggabarim as a borrowed place-name where H has House of the Warriors. This Nehemiah/Neemias is expressly son of Azbuk/Azabouch; he is not silently identified with the narrator, son of Hacaliah.

H 3:17–23 — The Levites, priests and second sections

Verse H 3:17 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:17

After him the Levites—Rehum son of Bani—repaired. Next to him Hashabiah, ruler of half the district of Keilah, repaired for his district.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:17

After him the Levites—Raoum son of Bani—repaired. Next to him Asabia, ruler of half the district of Keila, repaired for his district.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both name the Levites followed by the individual Rehum/Raoum without supplying additional names, and preserve the half-district responsibility.

Verse H 3:18 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:18

After him their brothers—Bavvai son of Henadad, ruler of half the district of Keilah—repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:18

After him their brothers—Beni son of Enadad, ruler of half the district of Keila—repaired.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H names Bavvai; G names Beni. Neither source's individual name is corrected from the other, and both retain their brothers as the group heading.

Verse H 3:19 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:19

Next to him Ezer son of Jeshua, ruler of Mizpah, repaired a second section opposite the ascent to the armory at the angle.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:19

Next to him Azour son of Iesous, ruler of Masphe, repaired a second section of the tower of the ascent adjoining the corner.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has the ascent of the weapons or armory; G introduces a tower and describes the adjoining ascent. The exact Greek attachment is provisional. The Iesous named as this ruler's father is not identified with Jesus of Nazareth.

Verse H 3:20 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:20

After him Baruch son of Zabbai zealously repaired a second section, from the angle to the entrance of the house of Eliashib the high priest.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:20

After him Barouch son of Zabou repaired a second section, from the corner to the entrance of Bethelisoub of the high priest.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H explicitly intensifies the repair with zeal; G lacks that word. H names Eliashib's house; G carries Bethelisoub as a compound designation and retains the high-priest qualification.

Verse H 3:21 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:21

After him Meremoth son of Uriah son of Hakkoz repaired a second section, from the entrance of Eliashib's house to the end of Eliashib's house.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:21

After him Meramoth son of Ouria son of Akos repaired a second section, from the entrance of Bethelisoub to the end of Bethelisoub.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: G here names Meramoth plainly, unlike its from Ramoth construction at 13:4. Both preserve the entrance-to-end extent, with G's compound house designation retained.

Verse H 3:22 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:22

After him the priests, the men of the surrounding plain, repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:22

After him the priests, men of Achechar, repaired.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H's kikkar identifies a surrounding district or plain; G retains Achechar as a borrowed designation. No exact modern boundary is inferred.

Verse H 3:23 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:23

After him Benjamin and Hasshub repaired opposite their house. After him Azariah son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah repaired beside his house.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:23

After him Benjamin and Asoub repaired opposite their house. After him Azaria son of Maasea son of Anania repaired beside his house.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both distinguish their shared house from the following man's house, and preserve the two-generation lineage.

H 3:24–32 — The Ophel and the return to the Sheep Gate

Verse H 3:24 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:24

After him Binnui son of Henadad repaired a second section, from Azariah's house to the angle and to the corner.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:24

After him Bani son of Enadad repaired a second section, from Bethazaria to the corner and to the bend

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's Binnui differs from G's Bani. G's Bethazaria is a compound designation corresponding to H's Azariah's house; its final bend phrase continues into the next source verse.

Verse H 3:25 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:25

Palal son of Uzai repaired opposite the angle and the tower projecting from the upper house of the king, belonging to the court of the guard. After him Pedaiah son of Parosh repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:25

of Phalal son of Euzai, opposite the corner, and the upper tower projecting from the king's house, belonging to the court of the guard. After him was Phadaia son of Phoros.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: Neither source repeats a repair verb here; English supplies the contextual action minimally in H. G's genitive son of Euzai can continue the bend phrase from 13:24, retained provisionally as of Phalal. Its upper adjective is masculine and qualifies the tower; H's attachment to the royal house or tower is less explicit. The local architecture remains uncertain.

Verse H 3:26 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:26

The Nethinim were living on the Ophel, as far as opposite the Water Gate toward the east and the projecting tower.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:26

The Nathinim were living on the Ophal, as far as the garden of the Water Gate toward the east, and the projecting tower.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has opposite the Water Gate; G has its garden. Both preserve the temple-service group and the projecting tower, without inserting a new repair verb.

Verse H 3:27 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:27

After him the Tekoites repaired a second section opposite the great projecting tower, as far as the wall of the Ophel.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:27

After him the Thekoin repaired a second section opposite the great projecting tower, as far as the wall of the Ophla.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: The repeated work group, second section and tower-to-wall limits correspond. G's Ophla form differs from its Ophal at 13:26 and is not harmonized.

Verse H 3:28 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:28

Above the Horse Gate the priests repaired, each opposite his house.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:28

Above the Horse Gate the priests repaired, each opposite his house.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both explicitly distribute the work by each priest's own house.

Verse H 3:29 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:29

After him Zadok son of Immer repaired opposite his house. After him Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, keeper of the East Gate, repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:29

After him Saddouk son of Emmer repaired opposite his house. After him Samaia son of Sechenia, keeper of the East Gate, repaired.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both preserve the separate house-front work and the next builder's gatekeeping office.

Verse H 3:30 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:30

After me Hananiah son of Shelemiah and Hanun, the sixth son of Zalaph, repaired a second section. After him Meshullam son of Berechiah repaired opposite his chamber.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:30

After him Anania son of Selemia and Anoum, the sixth son of Seleph, repaired a second section. After him Mesoulam son of Barchia repaired opposite his treasury chamber.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H's displayed written first phrase is after me; G has after him. H later returns to after him in the same verse. G specifies a treasury chamber where H names a chamber. Sixth is retained with the second named son, without inventing five unlisted brothers.

Verse H 3:31 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:31

After me Malchijah, of the goldsmiths, repaired as far as the house of the Nethinim and the merchants, opposite the Muster Gate, and as far as the upper chamber of the corner.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:31

After him Melchia son of Saraphi repaired as far as Bethanathinim; and the dealers in small wares, opposite the gate of Maphekad and as far as the ascent of the bend.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H again displays after me; G has after him. G carries Saraphi, Bethanathinim and Maphekad as borrowed forms where H has goldsmith, the Nethinim's house and the muster designation. G makes the dealers a separate nominative group and leaves their action implicit. Its ascent differs from H's upper chamber.

Verse H 3:32 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:32

Between the upper chamber of the corner and the Sheep Gate, the goldsmiths and merchants repaired.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:32

In the intervening space at the ascent of the Sheep Gate, the metalworkers and dealers in small wares repaired.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H provides two endpoints, the corner chamber and the Sheep Gate. G's compressed between/ascent/of-the-Sheep-Gate wording does not express that pair; intervening space at is a provisional smoothing, without supplying H's corner. G's metalworkers does not specify gold.

H 3:33–38 — Mockery, prayer and progress (conventional 4:1–6)

Verse H 3:33 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:33 | conventional 4:1

When Sanballat heard that we were building the wall, he became angry and greatly vexed, and mocked the Jews.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:33

When Sanaballat heard that we were building the wall, it displeased him. He became very angry and laughed at the Jews.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Source H 3:33 and G 13:33 correspond to conventional English Nehemiah 4:1. Both retain the response to the rebuilding and the ridicule directed at the Jews.

Verse H 3:34 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:34 | conventional 4:2

He spoke before his brothers and Samaria's army, saying, “What are these feeble Jews doing? Will they leave it to themselves? Will they sacrifice? Will they finish in a day? Will they bring the stones to life from the heaps of dust, when they are burned?”

Greek–English (G)

G 13:34

He said before his brothers, “Is this the strength of Somoron, that these Jews are building their own city?”

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H has Samaria's army as part of the audience and a chain of taunting questions. G makes Somoron's strength part of a much shorter speech and explicitly names building their own city. H's yaazvu lahem, literally leave to/for themselves, is difficult and retained provisionally; fortify for themselves or will others leave them alone are contextual alternatives. G's sacrifice question appears in the following source verse.

Verse H 3:35 Divergent

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:35 | conventional 4:3

Tobiah the Ammonite was beside him and said, “Even what they are building—if a fox climbs up, it will break through their stone wall!”

Greek–English (G)

G 13:35

Tobias the Ammanite came beside him, and they said to one another, “Surely they will not sacrifice or eat in their place? Will not a fox climb up and pull down their stone wall?”

Comparison and reception

Divergent. Text: G adds coming beside him and makes the speech plural to one another. It includes sacrifice and eating questions absent from H 3:35, while H's sacrifice question stands in 3:34. Both retain the fox image, but G phrases it as a negative rhetorical question.

Verse H 3:36 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:36 | conventional 4:4

Hear, our God, for we have become an object of contempt. Turn their reproach back upon their own heads, and give them as plunder in a land of captivity.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:36

Hear, our God, for we have become an object of mockery. Turn their reproach back upon their own heads, and give them over to mockery in a land of captivity,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H asks that the opponents become plunder; G asks that they become mockery. The petition's force is preserved as the narrator's prayer, without adding an unstated modern application.

Verse H 3:37 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:37 | conventional 4:5

Do not cover their iniquity, and do not let their sin be blotted out from before You, for they have provoked anger before the builders.

Greek–English (G)

G 13:37

and do not cover over lawlessness.

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: G contains only the opening prohibition, without their, the plea against erasing sin, or the explanation concerning the builders. H's provoked verb has no explicit object; neither God nor the builders is supplied as its grammatical object. This is a substantial main-text shortening, not a summary substituted by the translator.

Verse H 3:38 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 3:38 | conventional 4:6

So we built the wall, and the whole wall was joined together to half its height, for the people had a heart to work.

Greek–English (G)

G —

[No corresponding text in the displayed Greek main text.]

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: H reports the wall's half-height progress and the people's willingness to work. G ends chapter 13 at 13:37 and supplies no 13:38 entry. The complete H progress statement is therefore not inserted into G; H 3:38 corresponds to conventional English 4:6.

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