Nehemiah — Hebrew and Greek compared

ProphetCovenant commitment

Nehemiah 10 — The sealed pledge and the obligations of the community — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation: Nehemiah 1–13 [V2]

Same 2 Similar 23 Different 14 Divergent 0 Disparate 1

Disparate in this chapter: H 10:30

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Nehemiah 10 — The sealed pledge and the obligations of the community

H 10:1–9 — The pledge and the priestly signatories

Verse H 10:1 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:1 | conventional 9:38

Because of all this, we are making a binding agreement and writing it down. Our rulers, our Levites and our priests are on the sealed document.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:1

In all these circumstances, we are establishing a pledge and writing it down, and all our rulers, our Levites and our priests are sealing it.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: H's amanah and G's pistis here denote the solemn commitment, not a newly inserted doctrinal creed. H has a compressed list on the sealed document; G an explicit sealing verb. H 10:1/G 20:1 corresponds to conventional 9:38.

Verse H 10:2 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:2 | conventional 10:1

On the sealed documents: Nehemiah the Tirshatha, son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:2

Among those sealing: Neemias son of Achalia, and Sedekias

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G omits Nehemiah's title. G's next source verse makes Sedekias a son of Saraia; H lists Seraiah separately.

Verse H 10:3 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:3 | conventional 10:2

Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:3

son of Saraia, and Azaria and Jermia,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G's ‘son of’ continues Sedekias in 20:2; H has Seraiah as a separate signatory. Source boundaries remain visible.

Verse H 10:4 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:4 | conventional 10:3

Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:4

Phasour, Amaria, Melchia,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:5 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:5 | conventional 10:4

Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:5

Atous, Sebani, Malouch,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:6 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:6 | conventional 10:5

Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:6

Iram, Meramoth, Abdia,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:7 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:7 | conventional 10:6

Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:7

Daniel, Ganathon, Barouch,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:8 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:8 | conventional 10:7

Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:8

Mesoulam, Abia, Miamin,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:9 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:9 | conventional 10:8

Maaziah, Bilgai and Shemaiah. These were the priests.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:9

Maazia, Belgai and Samaia. These were priests.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both close the priestly roster here.

H 10:10–14 — The Levite signatories

Verse H 10:10 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:10 | conventional 10:9

And the Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:10

And the Levites: Jesus son of Azania, of Banaiou from the sons of Enadad, Kadmiel,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G prints Banaiou as a genitive, unlike H's independent Binnui. Its relationship to the preceding lineage is uncertain; the awkward ‘of Banaiou’ is retained rather than asserting another certain nominative signatory.

Verse H 10:11 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:11 | conventional 10:10

and their brothers: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:11

and his brothers: Sabania, Odouia, Kalita, Pheleia, Anan,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has ‘their brothers’; G ‘his brothers.’

Verse H 10:12 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:12 | conventional 10:11

Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:12

Micha, Roob, Esebias,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:13 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:13 | conventional 10:12

Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:13

Zachor, Sarabia, Sebania,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:14 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:14 | conventional 10:13

Hodiah, Bani and Beninu.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:14

Odouia, sons of Banounai.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H lists three personal names; G has Odouia and a sons-group.

H 10:15–28 — The people's leaders

Verse H 10:15 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:15 | conventional 10:14

The heads of the people: Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:15

The rulers of the people: Phoros, Phaathmoab, Elam, Zathouia, sons of

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G's final ‘sons of’ continues with Bani in 20:16; H has the independent names Bani here and Bunni next.

Verse H 10:16 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:16 | conventional 10:15

Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:16

Bani, Asgad, Bebai,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: G's Bani completes ‘sons of’ in 20:15; H has Bunni as an independent signatory.

Verse H 10:17 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:17 | conventional 10:16

Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:17

Edania, Bagoi, Edin,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:18 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:18 | conventional 10:17

Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:18

Ater, Ezekia, Azour,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:19 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:19 | conventional 10:18

Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:19

Odouia, Esam, Besi,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:20 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:20 | conventional 10:19

Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:20

Ariph, Anathoth, Nobai,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: The written Hebrew name is retained; no unaccessed written/read apparatus is claimed.

Verse H 10:21 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:21 | conventional 10:20

Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:21

Magaphes, Mesoulam, Ezir,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:22 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:22 | conventional 10:21

Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:22

Mesozebel, Saddouk, Jeddoua,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:23 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:23 | conventional 10:22

Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:23

Phaltia, Anan, Anaia,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:24 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:24 | conventional 10:23

Hoshea, Hananiah, Hasshub,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:24

Osee, Anania, Asoub,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:25 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:25 | conventional 10:24

Hallohesh, Pilha, Shobek,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:25

Aloes, Phalai, Sobek,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:26 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:26 | conventional 10:25

Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:26

Raoum, Esabana, Maasaia,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

Verse H 10:27 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:27 | conventional 10:26

Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,

Greek–English (G)

G 20:27

and Aia, Ainan, Enan,

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source; the opening conjunction is explicit in G.

Verse H 10:28 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:28 | conventional 10:27

Malluch, Harim and Baanah.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:28

Malouch, Eram and Baana.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Name forms follow each source.

H 10:29–34 — The oath and the annual contribution

Verse H 10:29 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:29 | conventional 10:28

The rest of the people—the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, Nethinim and all who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands to the law of God, with their wives, sons and daughters, everyone with knowledge and understanding—

Greek–English (G)

G 20:29

The remainder of the people—the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, Nathinim and everyone coming from the peoples of the land to the law of God, with their wives, sons and daughters, everyone knowing and understanding—

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H describes separation from the peoples; G describes approaching from them. Both expressly include women and children who understand.

Verse H 10:30 Disparate

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:30 | conventional 10:29

joined their brothers, their nobles, and entered into a curse and an oath to walk in the law of God given through Moses the servant of God, and to keep and carry out all the commandments of YHWH our Lord, His judgments and His statutes.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:30

prevailed over their brothers, cursed them and entered into a curse and an oath to walk in the law of God given through Moses the slave of God, and to keep and carry out all the commandments of our Lord and His judgments:

Comparison and reception

Disparate. Text: G has an explicit ‘cursed them’ where H identifies the brothers as nobles. The preceding G enischyo with epi is provisionally rendered prevailed over, with a supporting/strengthening relation also possible; the written third-person object of cursing is not silently made reflexive. G omits H's final statutes and has only ‘our Lord’ for YHWH our Lord.

Verse H 10:31 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:31 | conventional 10:30

We will not give our daughters to the peoples of the land or take their daughters for our sons.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:31

We are not to give our daughters to the peoples of the land, and we will not take their daughters for our sons.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: The reciprocal marriage commitments agree.

Verse H 10:32 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:32 | conventional 10:31

When the peoples of the land bring merchandise or any grain on the Sabbath day to sell, we will not buy from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day. We will leave the seventh year fallow and release every creditor's claim.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:32

When the peoples of the land bring merchandise or anything for sale on the Sabbath day to sell, we do not buy from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day. We will release the seventh year and the demand of every hand.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H specifies grain; G has sale goods generally. Leaving the year fallow and releasing claims are contextual expansions of H's compressed abandonment language; G's equally compressed year-release is retained. Neither specifies a modern interest system.

Verse H 10:33 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:33 | conventional 10:32

We imposed obligations on ourselves to give a third of a shekel yearly for the service of the house of our God:

Greek–English (G)

G 20:33

We will establish commandments upon ourselves to give a third of a didrachm yearly for the service of the house of our God:

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H uses a completed commitment; G future. Shekel and didrachm are kept as source units, without an unsupported conversion to modern currency.

Verse H 10:34 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:34 | conventional 10:33

for the bread arranged before God, the regular grain offering and the regular burnt offering, the Sabbaths, new moons and appointed feasts, the holy offerings and the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and all the work of the house of our God.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:34

for the bread of the Presence, the continual sacrifice and the continual whole burnt offering of the Sabbaths and new moons, for the feasts and the holy things, the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and the works of the house of our God.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H explicitly names the grain offering; G uses sacrifice. H's juxtaposed festival list and G's genitive linkage are translated as printed; they are not expanded into a full ritual calendar.

H 10:35–40 — Wood, firstfruits and tithes

Verse H 10:35 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:35 | conventional 10:34

We—the priests, Levites and people—cast lots for the wood offering, to bring it to the house of our God by our ancestral houses at appointed times, year by year, to burn on the altar of YHWH our God, as written in the law;

Greek–English (G)

G 20:35

We—the priests, Levites and people—cast lots concerning the allotted duty of carrying wood, to bring it to the house of our God by the house of our families at intervals from time to time, year by year, to burn on the altar of the Lord our God, as written in the law;

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H names a wood offering and appointed times. G repeats lot/allotment and uses the wood-carrying noun; its compressed ‘seasons from times’ is provisionally expressed as recurring intervals.

Verse H 10:36 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:36 | conventional 10:35

and to bring the firstfruits of our ground and the firstfruits of all the fruit of every tree, year by year, to the house of YHWH;

Greek–English (G)

G 20:36

and to bring the first produce of our land and the first produce of the fruit of every tree, year by year, to the house of the Lord;

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: The annual firstfruits commitments agree.

Verse H 10:37 Same

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:37 | conventional 10:36

and to bring the firstborn of our sons and our animals, as written in the law, and the firstborn of our cattle and flocks, to the house of our God, to the priests ministering in the house of our God.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:37

and to bring the firstborn of our sons and our livestock, as written in the law, and the firstborn of our cattle and flocks, to the house of our God, to the priests ministering in the house of our God.

Comparison and reception

Same. Text: Both qualify the firstborn commitment by the written law. No verb for sacrificing human sons is supplied.

Verse H 10:38 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:38 | conventional 10:37

We will bring the first of our dough, our contributions, the fruit of every tree, new wine and fresh oil to the priests, to the chambers of the house of our God, and the tithe of our ground to the Levites. The Levites are the ones collecting the tithe in all the towns of our labor.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:38

We will bring the first offering of our grain and the fruit of every tree, wine and oil, to the priests, to the treasury of God's house, and the tithe of our land to the Levites. The Levites themselves collect the tithe in all the towns of our service,

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has dough and an additional contributions term; G has grain and no separate contributions item. H has chambers and ‘our God’; G treasury and God.

Verse H 10:39 Different

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:39 | conventional 10:38

The priest, a son of Aaron, shall be with the Levites when the Levites collect the tithe. The Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithe to the house of our God, to the chambers of the storehouse.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:39

and the priest, a son of Aaron, shall be with the Levite at the Levite's tithe. The Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithe to the house of our God, to the treasuries in God's house.

Comparison and reception

Different. Text: H has plural Levites and an explicit collection construction; G singular Levite and a tithe noun. G's final God's house differs from H's storehouse.

Verse H 10:40 Similar

Hebrew–English (H)

H 10:40 | conventional 10:39

For the sons of Israel and the sons of Levi shall bring the contribution of grain, new wine and fresh oil to the chambers. There are the sanctuary vessels, the ministering priests, gatekeepers and singers. We will not abandon the house of our God.

Greek–English (G)

G 20:40

For the sons of Israel and the sons of Levi shall bring the first offerings of grain, wine and oil into the stores. There are the holy vessels, the ministering priests, gatekeepers and singers. We will not abandon the house of our God.

Comparison and reception

Similar. Text: Both close with provision for worship and the common pledge not to abandon God's house; contribution/first offerings and storage terms follow each source.

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