MinisterAccountable stewardship

Exodus 38 — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation: Exodus 21-40 [V2]

Same 6 Similar 3 Different 8 Divergent 12 Disparate 2

Disparate in this chapter: 38:24, 38:29

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Exodus 38

Making the Altar of Burnt Offering

Verse 38:1 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:1 He made the altar of burnt offering of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide, square, and three cubits high.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 38:22 He made the bronze altar from the bronze censers belonging to the men who had rebelled with the assembly of Korah.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G introduces the Korah-censer tradition, comparable to Numbers sixteen, and omits the dimensions and wood here. The chronological difference is retained; V1’s bracketed H construction details are removed from G.

Verse 38:2 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:2 He made horns on its four corners, of one piece with it, and overlaid it with bronze.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

H 38:2 alignment — No corresponding horn-construction clause in this G account. —

Classification & Notes

Divergent

Verse 38:3 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:3 He made all the altar’s utensils: the pots, shovels, basins, meat forks, and firepans. He made all its utensils of bronze.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 38:23 He made all the altar’s utensils: its firepan, its base, its bowls, and its bronze meat forks.

Classification & Notes

Different — The utensil lists differ; G does not repeat the H list or its final comprehensive bronze clause.

Verse 38:4 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:4 He made a bronze network grating for the altar beneath its ledge, extending halfway down it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 38:24a He made an attachment for the altar, a network beneath the firepan, extending underneath it to its midpoint.

Classification & Notes

Different — The technical nouns differ; G does not explicitly name bronze in this first portion.

Verse 38:5 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:5 He cast four rings for the four corners of the bronze grating, as holders for the poles.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 38:24b He put four bronze rings on the four sides of the altar’s attachment, wide enough for the bars, so that the altar could be carried with them.

Classification & Notes

Similar — G says attached rather than cast, and explains the carrying function.

Verse 38:6 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:6 He made poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with bronze.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

H 38:6 alignment — No separate pole-making clause in this G account. —

Classification & Notes

Divergent

Verse 38:7 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:7 He put the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar, to carry it. He made it hollow, of boards.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

H 38:7 alignment — No corresponding insertion or hollow-board clause in this G account. —

Classification & Notes

Divergent

Verse 38:8 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:8 He made the bronze basin and its bronze stand from the mirrors of the women who served at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 38:26–27 He made the bronze basin and its bronze stand from the mirrors of the women who fasted, who fasted at the doors of the Tent of Testimony, on the day he erected it. He made the basin so that Moses, Aaron, and his sons could wash their hands and feet from it. When they entered the Tent of Testimony or approached the altar to minister, they washed from it, as the Lord commanded Moses.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G identifies the women as fasting and adds the erection date and washing explanation. H’s participle describes organized service or assembling; the exact activity is not specified. The additional G washing passage is retained here rather than supplied as a fabricated clause later in chapter forty.

Rabbinic reception: Rashi on 38:8 recounts a midrash in which the mirrors are cherished because the women used them to sustain marital life and Israel’s continuity in Egypt. This interpretation differs from G’s fasting description and is not substituted for it. [R38]

Making the Courtyard

Verse 38:9 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:9 He made the court. On the south side, its hangings were a hundred cubits of finely twisted linen.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:7 They made the court, with its southwest hangings of spun fine linen, a hundred by a hundred.

Classification & Notes

Different — RH has a hundred by a hundred, without cubits in this clause. The direction describes the hangings. The difficult dimensional wording is retained without supplying a unit or replacing it with Hebrew’s linear measurement.

Verse 38:10 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:10 There were twenty pillars and twenty bronze bases; the pillars’ hooks and bands were silver.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:8 There were twenty pillars and twenty bases.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G gives the counts without these material details here; its general materials statement follows later.

Verse 38:11 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:11 On the north side were a hundred cubits, with twenty pillars and twenty bronze bases; the pillars’ hooks and bands were silver.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:9 The north side was a hundred by a hundred, with twenty pillars and twenty bases.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — RH mentions only the north side, gives a hundred by a hundred without a unit, and does not repeat Hebrew’s material details here.

Verse 38:12 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:12 On the west side were fifty cubits of hangings, with ten pillars and ten bases; the pillars’ hooks and bands were silver.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:10 On the side toward the sea were curtains of fifty cubits, with ten pillars and ten bases.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — West corresponds to toward the sea; G does not repeat the silver fittings here.

Verse 38:13 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:13 On the east side were fifty cubits.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:11 On the east side were fifty cubits.

Classification & Notes

Same — Both give fifty cubits for the east side. RH places the flank and curtain description in 37:12.

Verse 38:14 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:14 The hangings on one side of the gate were fifteen cubits, with three pillars and three bases.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:12 On the flank were hangings of fifteen cubits, with three pillars and three bases.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH includes fifteen-cubit hangings with three pillars and three bases, corresponding to Hebrew 38:14.

Verse 38:15 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:15 On the other side of the court’s gate, as on this side, were fifteen cubits of hangings, with three pillars and three bases.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:13 On the second flank, on either side by the gate of the court, were curtains of fifteen cubits, with three pillars and three bases.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH has fifteen cubits, corresponding to Hebrew 38:15. The provisional webpage’s one hundred fifty is superseded.

Verse 38:16 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:16 All the hangings around the court were of finely twisted linen.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:14 All the curtains of the court were of spun fine linen.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH names the court’s curtains, corresponding to Hebrew 38:16; the provisional tent reading is superseded.

Verse 38:17 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:17 The pillars’ bases were bronze, their hooks and bands silver, and their capitals overlaid with silver. All the pillars of the court had silver bands.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:15 Their pillars’ bases were bronze, their hooks silver, their capitals overlaid with silver, and all the court’s pillars overlaid with silver.

Classification & Notes

Different — G describes silver overlay on the pillars; H specifies bands.

Verse 38:18 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:18 The screen for the court’s gate was embroidered in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen. It was twenty cubits long and five cubits high, matching the court’s hangings.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:16 The veil for the court’s gate was embroidered in blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen. It was twenty cubits long, with its height and breadth five cubits, matching the court’s hangings.

Classification & Notes

Similar — G’s dimensional syntax is retained rather than forced into a modern technical drawing.

Verse 38:19 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:19 There were four pillars and four bronze bases, with silver hooks and silver overlay on their capitals and bands.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:17–18a There were four pillars and four bronze bases, with silver hooks and capitals overlaid with silver; the pillars themselves were overlaid with silver.

Classification & Notes

Different — G continues its silver-overlay description into the following clause.

Verse 38:20 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:20 All the pegs of the tabernacle and of the surrounding court were bronze.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:18b; 38:21 All the pegs around the court were bronze. He made the pegs of the tent and the pegs of the court of bronze.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — RH 37:18 names the court pegs; the later metalwork clause at 38:21 explicitly names both tent pegs and court pegs. Both statements are retained here against Hebrew’s single instruction. [G37; G38]

Materials of the Tabernacle

Verse 38:21 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:21 These are the accounts of the tabernacle, the tabernacle of the testimony, recorded at Moses’ command for the service of the Levites under Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:19 This is the arrangement of the Tent of Testimony, as appointed for Moses, with the service belonging to the Levites through Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

Classification & Notes

Different — H introduces accounts; G introduces an arrangement or ordering of service.

Verse 38:22 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:22 Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made everything YHWH had commanded Moses.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:20 Bezalel son of Uri, of the tribe of Judah, did as the Lord commanded Moses.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G does not name Hur here.

Verse 38:23 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:23 With him was Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, designer, and embroiderer in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 37:21 Eliab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, directed the woven, needleworked, and embroidered work, weaving in scarlet and fine linen.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G uses the name Eliab and does not list blue or purple here.

Verse 38:24 Disparate

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:24 All the gold used for the work, for all the sanctuary’s work, was the gold of the presentation offering: twenty-nine talents and seven hundred thirty shekels, by the sanctuary shekel.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:1 All the gold worked into the objects, for all the work of the holy things, was the gold of the firstfruits: twenty-nine talents and seven hundred twenty shekels, by the holy shekel.

Classification & Notes

Disparate — H gives seven hundred thirty shekels; the consulted G text gives seven hundred twenty. Keep the source totals distinct.

Verse 38:25 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:25 The silver from those enrolled in the congregation was a hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels, by the sanctuary shekel,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:2 The silver contribution from the enrolled men of the congregation was a hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels,

Classification & Notes

Same — The standard-of-weight clause in G belongs to the following per-head statement.
Earlier navigation: 39:2a → RH 39:2.

Verse 38:26 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:26 a bekah per head—that is, half a shekel by the sanctuary shekel—for everyone passing into the enrollment, from twenty years old upward: six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty men.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:3 One drachma per head, half a shekel by the holy shekel, for everyone passing into the enrollment from twenty years old upward: six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty.

Classification & Notes

Similar — H names the bekah; G names a drachma and explicitly equates it here with half a shekel. No universal wage conversion is implied.
Earlier navigation: 39:2b–3 → RH 39:3.

Verse 38:27 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:27 The hundred talents of silver were used to cast the bases of the sanctuary and the bases of the veil: a hundred bases for the hundred talents, a talent per base.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:4 The hundred talents of silver were used to cast the hundred capitals of the tent and the capitals of the veil: a hundred capitals for the hundred talents, a talent per capital.

Classification & Notes

Different — RH 39:4 names capitals, while Hebrew 38:27 names bases. RH does not repeat hundred separately for the veil group.
Earlier navigation: 39:4–5 → RH 39:4.

Verse 38:28 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:28 From the one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels he made hooks for the pillars, overlaid their capitals, and made bands for them.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:5 They used the one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels for the pillars’ hooks; he gilded their capitals and adorned them.

Classification & Notes

Different — G explicitly says gilded and varies the grammatical subject. H’s surrounding account concerns silver fittings.
Earlier navigation: 39:6 → RH 39:5.

Verse 38:29 Disparate

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:29 The bronze of the presentation offering was seventy talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:6 The bronze of the contribution was seventy talents and one thousand five hundred shekels.

Classification & Notes

Disparate — The shekel totals differ: H two thousand four hundred; G one thousand five hundred.
Earlier navigation: 39:7 → RH 39:6.

Verse 38:30 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:30 With it he made the bases of the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, the bronze altar and its bronze grating, and all the altar’s utensils,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:7; 39:9 From it he made the bases of the entrance of the Tent of Testimony, the bronze attachment of the altar, all the altar’s utensils, and all the equipment of the Tent of Testimony,

Classification & Notes

Divergent — G’s two related clauses are aligned together; its intervening gate-and-peg clause follows in the next row. G does not name the altar itself in this materials-use list.
Earlier navigation: 39:8 → RH 39:7; 39:10 → RH 39:9.

Verse 38:31 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

38:31 the bases of the surrounding court, the bases of the court’s gate, all the pegs of the tabernacle, and all the pegs of the surrounding court.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 39:8 the bases of the court all around, the bases of the court’s gate, the pegs of the tent, and the pegs of the surrounding court.

Classification & Notes

Same — RH 39:8 names the surrounding court’s bases, corresponding to Hebrew 38:31; the provisional gate reading is superseded.
Earlier navigation: 39:9 → RH 39:8.