Exodus 39 — Hebrew and Greek compared
Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.
Exodus 39
Making the Vestments for the Priesthood
Verse 39:1 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:1 From blue, purple, and scarlet yarn they made garments for service in the sanctuary. They made the holy garments for Aaron, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G’s garment-making introduction occurs in chapter thirty-six, with a later statement about remaining fabric in chapter thirty-nine. Both are retained with their references; neither is silently rewritten from H.
Earlier navigation: 39:13 → RH 39:12.
Verse 39:2 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:2 He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:9 They made the shoulder-piece of gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen.
Classification & Notes
Similar — RH has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:2 has singular he made. Shoulder-piece retains the Greek garment term.
Verse 39:3 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:3 They hammered out the gold plates, and he cut them into threads to work into the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and the fine linen, with skilled design.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:10 The gold plates were cut into threads to be woven with the blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, a woven work.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — RH passively states that the gold plates were cut into threads. It does not include the hammering clause found in Hebrew 39:3.
Verse 39:4 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:4 They made joined shoulder sections for it; it was joined at its two ends.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:11 They made joined shoulder sections for it on both sides,
Classification & Notes
Similar
Verse 39:5 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:5 Its woven band was of one piece with it, made in the same way: of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:12 a woven work intertwined together. They made it by itself from the same material, according to its workmanship: gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Different — G does not separately name the band in this clause.
Verse 39:6 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:6 They prepared the onyx stones in gold settings, engraved like seals with the names of the children of Israel.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:13 They made the two emerald stones, clasped and set in gold, engraved like seals with the names of the children of Israel.
Classification & Notes
Different — G names two emerald stones; H names onyx. Traditional gemstone identifications remain provisional.
Verse 39:7 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:7 He put them on the shoulder sections of the ephod as memorial stones for the children of Israel, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:14 He put them on the shoulders of the shoulder-piece as memorial stones for the children of Israel, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Similar
Verse 39:8 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:8 He made the breastpiece with skilled design, like the workmanship of the ephod, of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:15 They made the oracle-piece with woven embroidery, like the workmanship of the shoulder-piece, of gold, blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen.
Classification & Notes
Similar — RH has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:8 has singular he made. Oracle-piece preserves the Greek garment’s revelatory designation.
Verse 39:9 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:9 They made the breastpiece square and folded double, a span long and a span wide when doubled.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:16 They made the oracle-piece square and doubled, a span long and a span wide when doubled.
Classification & Notes
Same
Verse 39:10 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:10 They set four rows of stones in it. The first row was a sardius, topaz, and carbuncle;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:17 A fabric set with four rows of stones was woven into it. The first row was a sardius, topaz, and emerald;
Classification & Notes
Different — The traditional stone names differ; compare chapter twenty-eight. These English names do not establish modern mineral identities.
Verse 39:11 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:11 the second row an emerald, sapphire, and diamond;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:18 the second row a carbuncle, sapphire, and jasper;
Classification & Notes
Different — The established traditional renderings are retained provisionally; diamond does not assert the modern mineral.
Verse 39:12 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:12 the third row a ligure, agate, and amethyst;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:19 the third row a ligure, agate, and amethyst;
Classification & Notes
Same
Verse 39:13 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:13 the fourth row a beryl, onyx, and jasper. They were enclosed in gold settings.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:20 The fourth row was a chrysolite, beryl, and onyx, enclosed in gold and bound in gold.
Classification & Notes
Different — The stone sequence and setting description differ.
Verse 39:14 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:14 There were twelve stones bearing the names of the children of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:21 There were twelve stones bearing the names of the children of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.
Classification & Notes
Same
Verse 39:15 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:15 They made twisted chains of pure gold for the breastpiece.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:22 They made braided chains of pure gold for the oracle-piece.
Classification & Notes
Similar
Verse 39:16 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:16 They made two gold settings and two gold rings, and put the two rings at the two ends of the breastpiece.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:23 They made two gold rosettes and two gold rings, and put the two gold rings at the two ends of the oracle-piece.
Classification & Notes
Different — The G rosette term differs from H’s settings. RH groups these clauses in 36:23; the former 36:23–24 navigation is retained below.
Earlier navigation: 36:23–24 → RH 36:23.
Verse 39:17 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:17 They put the two twisted gold chains into the two rings at the ends of the breastpiece.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:24 They put the gold braids into the rings on both sides of the oracle-piece,
Classification & Notes
Same
Earlier navigation: 36:25a → RH 36:24.
Verse 39:18 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:18 and fastened the other ends of the two twisted chains to the two settings. They put them on the shoulder sections of the ephod, at its front.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:25 and the two braids into the two joinings. They put them on the two rosettes and on the shoulders of the shoulder-piece, facing forward.
Classification & Notes
Different — G’s fitting description is retained independently; its sentence divisions differ.
Earlier navigation: 36:25b–26 → RH 36:25.
Verse 39:19 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:19 They made two gold rings and placed them at the two ends of the breastpiece, on its inside edge facing the ephod.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:26 They made two gold rings and put them at the two ends of the oracle-piece, on its edge toward the rear, on the inner side of the shoulder-piece.
Classification & Notes
Similar
Earlier navigation: 36:27 → RH 36:26.
Verse 39:20 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:20 They made two gold rings and put them below on the two shoulder sections of the ephod, at its front, close to the joining above the ephod’s woven band.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:27 They made two gold rings and put them on both shoulders of the shoulder-piece, below it at the front, by the joining above the shoulder-piece’s interwoven fabric.
Classification & Notes
Similar — RH 36:27 includes the detailed positioning below, at the front, by the joining and above the shoulder-piece’s fabric, corresponding broadly to Hebrew 39:20.
Earlier navigation: 36:28 → RH 36:27.
Verse 39:21 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:21 They tied the breastpiece’s rings to the ephod’s rings with a blue cord, so that it rested above the ephod’s woven band and would not come loose from the ephod, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:28 He fastened the oracle-piece by its rings to the rings of the shoulder-piece with blue cord, interwoven into the shoulder-piece’s fabric so that the oracle-piece would not come loose from it, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Different — RH 36:28 has singular he fastened and names interweaving into the shoulder-piece’s fabric. Hebrew 39:21 has a plural verb and specifies the woven band.
Earlier navigation: 36:29 → RH 36:28.
Making the Robe, the Tunics, and the Gold Plate
Verse 39:22 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:22 He made the robe of the ephod of woven work, entirely blue.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:29 They made the robe beneath the shoulder-piece of woven work, entirely blue.
Classification & Notes
Similar — RH 36:29 has plural they made, while Hebrew 39:22 has singular he made. Both describe an entirely blue woven robe.
Earlier navigation: 36:30 → RH 36:29.
Verse 39:23 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:23 The robe had an opening in its middle like the opening of a coat of mail, with a border around the opening so that it would not tear.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:30 The opening of the robe was in its middle, woven and joined together, with a border around the opening so that it would not tear.
Classification & Notes
Different — H’s comparison with a coat of mail is not repeated in G.
Earlier navigation: 36:31 → RH 36:30.
Verse 39:24 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:24 They made pomegranates on the hem of the robe from twisted blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:31 They made pomegranates at the lower hem of the robe, of blue, purple, spun scarlet, and spun fine linen, like a pomegranate tree in bloom.
Classification & Notes
Different — G explicitly includes fine linen and a floral description; H here says twisted without separately naming linen.
Earlier navigation: 36:32 → RH 36:31.
Verse 39:25 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:25 They made bells of pure gold and placed the bells between the pomegranates all around the hem of the robe,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:32 They made gold bells and placed the bells at the hem of the robe, all around between the pomegranates,
Classification & Notes
Similar — G does not repeat pure.
Earlier navigation: 36:33 → RH 36:32.
Verse 39:26 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:26 a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, around the hem of the robe for ministry, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:33 a gold bell and a pomegranate at the hem of the robe all around, for ministry, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Similar — G states the alternation once and explicitly repeats gold.
Earlier navigation: 36:34 → RH 36:33.
Verse 39:27 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:27 They made woven tunics of fine linen for Aaron and his sons,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:34 They made woven tunics of fine linen for Aaron and his sons,
Classification & Notes
Same
Earlier navigation: 36:35 → RH 36:34.
Verse 39:28 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:28 the turban of fine linen, the ornate head coverings of fine linen, and the linen undergarments of finely twisted linen,
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:35 the turbans of fine linen, the headband of fine linen, and the linen undergarments of spun fine linen,
Classification & Notes
Different — The headwear descriptions and singular/plural forms differ.
Earlier navigation: 36:36 → RH 36:35.
Verse 39:29 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:29 and the sash of finely twisted linen, embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:36 They made their sashes of fine linen, blue, purple, and spun scarlet, the work of an embroiderer, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Different — H has a sash; G has their sashes.
Earlier navigation: 36:37 → RH 36:36.
Verse 39:30 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:30 They made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold and engraved on it, like a seal: “Holy to YHWH.”
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:37 They made the gold plate, the consecration of the sanctuary, of pure gold. He wrote on it letters engraved like a seal: “Holy to the Lord.”
Classification & Notes
Different — RH 36:37 calls the gold plate the consecration of the sanctuary and gives its inscription as Holy to the Lord. Hebrew 39:30 calls it the plate of the holy crown. RH groups the fabrication and inscription in one verse.
Earlier navigation: 36:38–39 → RH 36:37.
Verse 39:31 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:31 They attached a blue cord to it, to fasten it high on the turban, as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 36:38 They put a blue band on it, to fasten it on the headband above, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Similar — RH 36:38 places a blue band on the headband above; Hebrew 39:31 specifies a blue cord and turban. The former internal label 36:40 is superseded.
Earlier navigation: 36:40 → RH 36:38.
Completion and Final Inspection
Verse 39:32 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:32 Thus all the work of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting was completed. The children of Israel did everything YHWH had commanded Moses; so they did.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:10–11 The children of Israel did as the Lord commanded Moses; so they did. From the remaining gold of the contribution they made utensils for ministering before the Lord.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G’s completion statement is followed by an additional remaining-gold clause. The following remaining-fabric clause is translated with the garment introduction at verse one.
Earlier navigation: 39:11–12 → RH 39:10–11.
Verse 39:33 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:33 They brought the tabernacle to Moses: the tent and all its utensils, its clasps, boards, bars, pillars, and bases;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:13 They brought to Moses the robes, the tent and its utensils, its bases, its bars, and its pillars;
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G starts with the robes and has a shorter structural inventory.
Earlier navigation: 39:14 → RH 39:13.
Verse 39:34 Different
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:34 the covering of rams’ skins dyed red, the covering of tachash skins, and the screening veil;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:20 the leather coverings of rams’ skins dyed red, the coverings of blue skins, and the coverings for the remaining things;
Classification & Notes
Different — This portion of G’s later inventory is aligned here. The uncertain tachash animal in H is not identified by G, which describes blue skins.
Earlier navigation: 39:21b → RH 39:20.
Verse 39:35 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:35 the ark of the testimony and its poles, and the cover;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:14 the ark of the covenant and its carrying poles;
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G says covenant and does not separately name the propitiatory cover here.
Earlier navigation: 39:15 → RH 39:14.
Verse 39:36 Similar
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:36 the table and all its utensils, and the bread of the Presence;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:17 the table of presentation and all its utensils, and the bread set before God;
Classification & Notes
Similar
Earlier navigation: 39:18 → RH 39:17.
Verse 39:37 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:37 the pure lampstand with its lamps, the lamps to be arranged, all its utensils, and the oil for the light;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:16 the pure lampstand and its lamps, the lamps for burning, and the oil for the light;
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G does not add all its utensils in this lampstand entry.
Earlier navigation: 39:16b–17 → RH 39:16.
Verse 39:38 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:38 the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the entrance screen of the tent;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:15 the altar and all its utensils, the anointing oil, and the compounded incense;
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G does not identify this altar as gold. The entrance veil appears in the G court inventory aligned at verse forty.
Earlier navigation: 39:16a → RH 39:15.
Verse 39:39 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:39 the bronze altar and its bronze grating, its poles and all its utensils, the basin and its stand;
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
H 39:39 alignment — No separate bronze-altar-and-basin entry in this G delivery list. —
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G mentions an altar in its earlier list, but does not duplicate H’s full second-altar and basin entry here.
Verse 39:40 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:40 the court’s hangings, its pillars and bases, the screen for the court’s gate, its cords and pegs, and all the equipment for the service of the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting;
Classification & Notes
Divergent — The skin-covering portion within G’s inventory is aligned separately at verse thirty-four. G lacks several of H’s explicit fittings here.
Earlier navigation: 39:20 → RH 39:19(i); 39:21a → RH 39:19(ii); 39:21c → RH 39:21.
Verse 39:41 Divergent
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:41 the garments for service in the sanctuary, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons’ garments for priestly service.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:18 Aaron’s robes for the sanctuary and his sons’ robes for priestly service.
Classification & Notes
Divergent — G’s shorter clothing entry precedes its court inventory.
Earlier navigation: 39:19 → RH 39:18.
Verse 39:42 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:42 The children of Israel made all the work according to everything YHWH had commanded Moses.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:22 The children of Israel made all the equipment as the Lord commanded Moses.
Classification & Notes
Same
Verse 39:43 Same
Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)
39:43 Moses inspected all the work and saw that they had done it as YHWH had commanded; so they had done. Moses blessed them.
Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)
G 39:23 Moses saw all the work, and they had done it in the way the Lord commanded Moses; so they had done it. Moses blessed them.
Classification & Notes
Same — Rabbinic reception: Rashi on 39:43 understands Moses’ blessing as a prayer for the Shekhinah to rest upon the workers’ handiwork and connects it with Psalm 90:17. The prayer’s wording is commentary, not an omitted biblical speech. [R39]