Exodus — Hebrew and Greek compared · 21–40

Saints Translation: Exodus 21-40 [V2] · Saints Translation

Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.

Source guide and review record

Saints Translation: Exodus 21–40 [V2]

Editorially revised working draft • Independent Hebrew and Greek comparison

Exodus

Translation Framework and Revision Record

Three-Column Working Method

• Table structure

• Use three columns: Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority); Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority); Classification & Notes. The earlier combined column and separate verse column are superseded.

• Verse references and alignment

• References remain inside both translation cells. H retains its existing navigation with alternate Hebrew numbering where supplied; G now follows the reviewed RH labels. Earlier Greek navigation is recorded in affected notes. Editorial parts divide source verses without adding verses; gaps are not filled merely to match a familiar count.

• Hebrew–English

• Translate Hebrew independently in readable English. Attributed Jewish interpretation remains distinct from the wording. BHS is the selected Hebrew base; relevant comparison passages have been checked in the publisher presentation, while this pass does not claim a complete new independent Hebrew translation or apparatus collation.

• Greek–English

• The complete Greek main text has been reviewed independently against Rahlfs–Hanhart, second revised edition (2006), in the publisher presentation. Its wording and actual verse labels supersede the earlier provisional Swete-labeled webpage. Authentic omissions and source order are preserved. No Göttingen apparatus or manuscript collation was available.

• Interpretive priorities

• Rabbinic Priority and Saints Priority guide attributed reception notes. Quotation, allusion, lexical parallel, typology, and mystical application are distinct. Neither tradition is treated as a single undifferentiated voice; later interpretation is not silently added to a translation.

• Classification and notes

• Compare the actual corresponding readings. State the category, explain a meaningful textual observation, and add relevant attributed interpretation where it helps.

• The five categories describe correspondence; they are not a ranking of religious value or a numerical severity scale.

• Same (green): corresponding meaning and content, allowing ordinary differences between languages.

• Similar (blue): essentials agree, with a modest difference in expression, idiom, or emphasis worth explaining.

• Different (yellow): a meaningful difference in a specific detail, name, number, action, participant or image, without an established major change in the passage’s force or consequence.

• Divergent (orange): added, absent, or substantially rearranged corresponding material; this does not itself establish contradiction or historical priority.

• Disparate (red): a major difference in meaning or consequence, including legal scope, ritual requirement, agency, narrative assertion, theological portrayal or imagery. Strict logical contradiction is not required; the note must demonstrate the consequence from the wording and context.

• The two example rows below illustrate this method. Category words remain visible alongside their colors. Linked references and source codes make checks traceable.

• Pericopes and reception

• Work in complete literary units, ordinarily about 1–20 verses, while preserving established boundaries.

• Pericope titles are editorial reading aids. They are not words in the ancient text and do not establish a liturgical calendar assignment.

• Christian typology may illuminate a passage when an identifiable primary source supports the application.

• The author’s Christian publication purpose is preserved alongside serious, independent treatment of Jewish interpretation.

• A reception note names its author or biblical book and passage. An interpretive connection is not called a quotation merely because its themes resemble Exodus.

• Revision status and remaining work

• Exodus 21–40 V2: all 668 verse rows edited; missing Hebrew 36:31–38 restored. English, terminology, alignment, comparison notes, and source links have been revised.

• The complete Greek main text and displayed source labels have now been reviewed against RH. Affected comparison notes and all inherited reception citations are checked and updated. Hebrew comparison checks remain selective; this is not a complete independent Hebrew translation or apparatus collation.

• The difficult court directions and measurements, monetary totals, shorter construction sequence and pregnancy-injury wording were checked against RH. Their source-specific readings remain. Precise modern gemstone and skin identifications and apparatus-level questions remain qualified.

• The selected editions and verification scope are now stated. Qualified specialist review and a separate publication proof remain distinct from this source and native-document review.

• Heading hierarchy

Preserve pageless working layout; final trim and pagination remain open.

Contextual Terminology and Source Register

• The rules below follow the Bible Translation Reference Document consolidated Sep 10, 2026, including its contextual terminology and expanded major-consequence category.

I. Texts, names, and alignment

• Greek verse links and G21–G40 source codes now open the reviewed RH publisher chapters. Existing Hebrew chapter links remain supplementary navigation; BHS publisher chapters were used for this review’s relevant Hebrew checks. Brenton remains secondary comparison and is not the Greek base.

• Names remain recognizable, but genuine source differences remain: Oholiab in H and Eliab in G. Joshua son of Nun is not identified as Jesus of Nazareth merely because Greek uses the name Iēsous.

II. Vocabulary in context

• Animal, household, and worship terms are decided from the actual word and its context.

• Use wild animals when that is the referent; preserve distinctions between different animal groups.

• Use livestock where domestic animals collectively are intended, without flattening a more specific herd or flock term.

• Use birds of the sky where the source supports that formula.

• Retain begat in the established genealogical formula, without imposing it on every verb of birth.

• Maintain repeated biblical formulas where they carry meaning; remove archaic inversion that obscures the sentence.

• Use belongings where possessions or accompanying equipment are meant, as in the final journey account.

• Contextual consistency

• Use wife or wives where a marital relationship is established; otherwise determine the referent from context.

• Preserve the creeping-things formula where supported by the source; do not introduce it where absent.

• Household and legal status

• Purchase, ownership, and release laws may require slave. Religious service language does not automatically establish that legal status.

• Greek pais can mean child, boy, servant, or slave. A fixed equation with bond-servant is superseded. Resident alien and proselyte likewise require historical and contextual judgment.

III. Grammar and numbers

• Retain significant speakers, subjects, pronouns, singular/plural distinctions, negatives, and repeated clauses. Smooth English does not authorize transferring details from one source column to the other.

• Spell out numbers in running translation prose. Use digits for verse references and practical reference aids.

• Keep original measurements and weights. Do not force figures into modern currency, a universal wage equivalent, or an unidentified conversion system.

IV. Explanations and sources

• Explanations normally belong in notes. The contextual term register uses YHWH in H and Lord in G; acacia / decay-resistant wood; cover / propitiatory cover; ephod / shoulder-piece; breastpiece / oracle-piece; and Tent of Meeting / Tent of Testimony. Tachash skins and gemstone names remain provisional. Rabbinic sources: R21, R23, R34, R35, R38, R39 are Rashi on the corresponding Exodus chapters at Chabad.org. Christian sources: S-Basil188 is Basil, Letter 188, canon 2; S-Greg28 is Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 28.2–3; S-Matt5, S-Acts23, S-Heb8, S-Heb9, S-1Cor10, S-Rom9, and S-2Cor3 identify the biblical books and chapters specified in their notes. Reception claims are paraphrased and linked. Oracle-piece identifies the wearable breastpiece through its Greek oracular designation; judgment qualifiers are retained where present.

V. Money and weight reference

VI. Spatial measurement reference

Source review inventory

Comparison rows: 668. Same: 132; Similar: 186; Different: 182; Divergent: 153; Disparate: 15. These counts describe rows, not unique variants.

Disparate index (RH Greek references): 21:7; 21:13; 21:17; 21:22; 21:23; 22:2; 23:7; 24:10; 27:11; 27:13; 29:13; 33:13; 34:20; 39:1; 39:6. The notes demonstrate the major difference; logical contradiction is not required.

The existing table and row order is preserved. Changed Greek labels carry the earlier-navigation crosswalk in their notes. The separate continuous reading retains RH source order; editorial subparts and source gaps do not create missing verses.