
Acts 10 — Cornelius, Peter’s vision, and the Gentiles’ reception of the Spirit — Greek text and reception
Each card preserves the Greek reading and its textual and reception notes. This source provides a Greek study edition; Hebrew counterparts and Hebrew–Greek classifications are not supplied.
Acts 10 — Cornelius, Peter’s vision, and the Gentiles’ reception of the Spirit
Cornelius receives an angelic message
Verse 10:1
Greek–English Translation
In Caesarea there was a man named Cornelius, a centurion of the cohort called the Italian,
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Centurion and cohort retain the named military offices and unit; no exact troop count is added.
Verse 10:2
Greek–English Translation
devout and fearing God with his whole household, giving many alms to the people and praying to God continually.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:3
Greek–English Translation
About the ninth hour of the day, he clearly saw in a vision an angel of God come in to him and say, “Cornelius.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:4
Greek–English Translation
He stared at him in fear and said, “What is it, sir?” The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your alms have ascended as a memorial before God.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Kyrie is sir in Cornelius’s address to the angel; the honorific does not itself identify the angel as God. Memorial retains the source’s remembrance language.
Verse 10:5
Greek–English Translation
Now send men to Joppa and summon a certain Simon who is called Peter.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:6
Greek–English Translation
He is staying with a certain Simon, a tanner, whose house is beside the sea.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:7
Greek–English Translation
When the angel who spoke to him had gone, Cornelius called two of his household slaves and a devout soldier from among those who attended him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Oiketai denotes household slaves or servants; slaves preserves the domestic status implied by the term without merging them with the separately named soldier.
Verse 10:8
Greek–English Translation
He explained everything to them and sent them to Joppa.
Textual and Reception Notes
Peter’s vision and the visitors’ arrival
Verse 10:9
Greek–English Translation
The next day, while they were traveling and approaching the city, Peter went up onto the roof to pray, about the sixth hour.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:10
Greek–English Translation
He became hungry and wanted to eat. While they were preparing the food, a trance came upon him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Ekstasis identifies the visionary state; no modern medical explanation is supplied.
Verse 10:11
Greek–English Translation
He saw heaven opened and something like a large sheet descending, being lowered by its four corners to the earth.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Skeuos is a vessel or receptacle, described by comparison with a large sheet. The English retains something like rather than defining an ordinary household object as the vision’s literal form.
Verse 10:12
Greek–English Translation
In it were all the four-footed animals and creeping things of the earth and birds of the sky.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The selected list has these three groups; a separate wild animals group is explicit in Peter’s retelling at 11:6 and is not imported here.
Verse 10:13
Greek–English Translation
A voice came to him: “Rise, Peter; slaughter and eat.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Thyō here is slaughter in the food command. The sentence does not specify a sacrificial rite.
Verse 10:14
Greek–English Translation
Peter said, “By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything common and unclean.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The selected conjunction is and. Common renders koinos in its ritual sense, kept distinct from akathartos, unclean.
Verse 10:15
Greek–English Translation
A voice came to him again, a second time: “What God has cleansed, you must not call common.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The common/clean contrast is preserved; Peter’s application to people is explicitly stated at 10:28. Saints: Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.12.7, argues that the God who prescribed purity distinctions is the same God who now cleanses Gentiles. [IREN-3.12]
Verse 10:16
Greek–English Translation
This happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:17
Greek–English Translation
While Peter was perplexed within himself about what the vision he had seen might mean, look—the men sent by Cornelius, having asked directions to Simon’s house, stood at the gate.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:18
Greek–English Translation
They called out and asked whether Simon, who was called Peter, was staying there.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:19
Greek–English Translation
While Peter was pondering the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Look, men are seeking you.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The selected verse does not print a number before men. Three is explicit in 11:11 and can be inferred from 10:7, but is not inserted into this sentence. Evidence: SBL-ACTS-APP, 10:19 lists no number with RP, three with Treg/NA28, and two with WH.
NA28: ἄνδρες τρεῖς, "three men" (SBLGNT ἄνδρες); the rendering above follows SBLGNT; NA28 would read "three men are seeking you".
Verse 10:20
Greek–English Translation
Rise, go down, and go with them without hesitation, because I have sent them.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Mēden diakrinomenos can express not doubting or hesitating; the related command in 11:12 also permits the sense making no distinction. The Spirit’s first-person sending is explicit.
Verse 10:21
Greek–English Translation
Peter went down to the men and said, “I am the one you are seeking. What is the reason you have come?”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:22
Greek–English Translation
They said, “Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous and God-fearing man well spoken of by the whole Jewish nation, was directed by a holy angel to summon you to his house and hear words from you.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:23
Greek–English Translation
So he invited them in and gave them lodging. The next day he rose and went away with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Peter enters Cornelius’s house
Verse 10:24
Greek–English Translation
The following day he entered Caesarea. Cornelius was expecting them and had called together his relatives and close friends.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:25
Greek–English Translation
As Peter was about to enter, Cornelius met him, fell at his feet, and bowed before him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Proskyneō can denote homage or worship. Bowed before him retains the act; Peter immediately rejects this prostration before a fellow human.
Verse 10:26
Greek–English Translation
But Peter raised him up, saying, “Rise; I too am a human being.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:27
Greek–English Translation
While speaking with him, Peter entered and found many people gathered.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:28
Greek–English Translation
He said to them, “You know how forbidden it is for a Jewish man to associate with or visit someone of another people. Yet God has shown me to call no human being common or unclean.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Athemiton is forbidden or not permitted in Peter’s statement; it is not expanded into a citation of a particular Mosaic statute. The second clause expressly applies the vision’s categories to human beings.
Verse 10:29
Greek–English Translation
Therefore I came without objection when summoned. So I ask, for what reason did you send for me?”
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:30
Greek–English Translation
Cornelius said, “Four days ago, at this hour, I was praying in my house at the ninth hour, and look—a man stood before me in shining clothing.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The fourth-day reckoning is retained in ordinary inclusive chronological expression. The selected wording says praying; it does not add fasting. Evidence: SBL-ACTS-APP, 10:30 assigns the added fasting clause to RP.
Verse 10:31
Greek–English Translation
He said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your alms have been remembered before God.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:32
Greek–English Translation
Send, therefore, to Joppa and summon Simon who is called Peter. He is staying in the house of Simon the tanner beside the sea.’
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:33
Greek–English Translation
So I sent to you at once, and you have done well to come. Now we are all here before God to hear everything the Lord has commanded you.”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: God and the Lord are the two source designations in their respective clauses; neither is replaced to make them verbally identical.
Peter proclaims Jesus as Lord of all
Verse 10:34
Greek–English Translation
Peter opened his mouth and said, “Truly I understand that God shows no partiality,
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Prosōpolēmptēs literally characterizes one who receives a face; shows no partiality gives the idiom’s force.
Verse 10:35
Greek–English Translation
but in every nation, whoever fears Him and practices righteousness is acceptable to Him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Acceptable is the predicate actually stated. The verse is not rewritten into a complete theory of salvation independent of Peter’s following proclamation of Jesus.
Verse 10:36
Greek–English Translation
He sent the word to the sons of Israel, proclaiming good news of peace through Jesus Christ—He is Lord of all.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The Greek introduces the word as an accusative topic in a compressed sequence continued in 10:37–38. The English makes God’s sending a complete clause while retaining His proclamation through Jesus and the parenthetical claim that Jesus is Lord of all.
Verse 10:37
Greek–English Translation
You know what took place throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism John proclaimed:
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The participial construction shifts toward Jesus, named in the next verse. The English links the geographical beginning to the reported events without claiming a different Greek form was read.
Verse 10:38
Greek–English Translation
Jesus of Nazareth—how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and power. He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:39
Greek–English Translation
We are witnesses of everything He did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They also killed Him by hanging Him on a tree.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The first-person witnesses and the unnamed third-person killers remain distinct. Tree retains xylon, as at 5:30.
Verse 10:40
Greek–English Translation
God raised Him on the third day and granted that He become visible,
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:41
Greek–English Translation
not to all the people, but to witnesses chosen beforehand by God—to us, who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Both eating and drinking and their post-resurrection setting are explicit.
Verse 10:42
Greek–English Translation
He commanded us to proclaim to the people and bear solemn witness that He is the One appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The opening He is understood as Jesus giving the commission; the sentence’s unexpressed subject could be linked to God’s preceding action. The appointed judge is unambiguously Jesus in the speech.
Verse 10:43
Greek–English Translation
All the prophets bear witness to Him: everyone who believes in Him receives forgiveness of sins through His name.”
Textual and Reception Notes
The Spirit falls upon the Gentiles
Verse 10:44
Greek–English Translation
While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who were hearing the message.
Textual and Reception Notes
Saints: Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 17.27, treats Cornelius’s household as proof that believing Gentiles share the Holy Spirit’s grace. [CYR-17]
Verse 10:45
Greek–English Translation
The believers from the circumcision who had come with Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even upon the Gentiles,
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Believers from the circumcision identifies Peter’s circumcised companions. The narrator’s even also preserves the unexpected extension from their perspective.
Verse 10:46
Greek–English Translation
for they heard them speaking in tongues and magnifying God. Then Peter said,
Textual and Reception Notes
Verse 10:47
Greek–English Translation
“Can anyone withhold the water so that these people, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have, should not be baptized?”
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: The question explicitly follows reception of the Spirit; the order differs from 8:16–17 and is retained.
Verse 10:48
Greek–English Translation
He ordered them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for some days.
Textual and Reception Notes
Text: Jesus Christ is the selected name formula here; Peter’s ordering of baptism does not explicitly name the person who performed it.