Romans — Greek text and reception
Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.
Source guide and review record
Saints Translation — Romans
Chapters 1–16 • V2 • Working translation draft • Sep 13, 2026
Reader’s guide
Complete working translation draft: 16 chapters, 430 SBLGNT main-text units and 3 clearly labeled supplemental doxology units. Actual Greek source labels and bracket status checked; three selective reception notes verified in identified primary works. Independent qualified second-reader and comprehensive textual-apparatus review remain outstanding.
SBLGNT Romans has 430 main-text units ending at 16:24. This ending is verified in official text and XML and the licensed Greek presentation; it is an editorial choice rather than truncation. Conventional 16:25–27 are provided as separately labeled supplemental translation rows from the actual Greek edition-comparison note, attributed there to WH, Treg, and NIV, outside the 430 main-text count. No square or double brackets occur in the base file. Apparatus referral symbols do not mark bracketed text. The three supplemental rows are readable translation, not a claim that they belong to the chosen edition’s main text.
The middle column gives an independent English translation of the declared Greek main text. The final column records translation decisions and selected, sourced reception. Blank note cells carry no further claim. The separately sourced doxology follows the main text under its own heading. This working draft remains subject to qualified independent review.
Source basis
Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Romans main-text file
Sources and method
SBL-ROM — Michael W. Holmes, ed., The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition (2010); official Faithlife/SBLGNT Romans main-text file
Romans 1–16: all 430 main-text verse lines directly read and independently translated; labels checked against the complete official book file
Official UTF-8 Greek main-text transcription; no square or double brackets. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
SBL-ROM-XML — Official Faithlife/SBLGNT Romans XML
Ending verified directly: main text ends at 16:24; no 16:25–27 doxology elsewhere in this book file
Official XML ending directly read; source-file verification. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
SBL-ROM-END — Bible Gateway licensed SBL Greek New Testament, Romans 16, main text and concluding edition-comparison note
16:24 main text; concluding note prints Greek doxology with conventional labels 16:25–27 and attributes that comparison reading to WH, Treg, NIV
Actual Greek main text and specific apparatus note directly read; the doxology is a clearly labeled supplement, not SBLGNT main text; no underlying manuscript collation. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
SBL-ROM-ED — Faithlife/SBLGNT official README and version history
Publisher metadata previously directly read in this session: copyright 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software; CC BY 4.0
Official publisher metadata directly read. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
SBL-LIC — Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
License identified by publisher; English here is independently translated from Greek
License link supplied by publisher. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
CHR-ROM10 — John Chrysostom, Homily 10 on Romans; J. Walker, J. Sheppard, and H. Browne, translators; George B. Stevens, reviser; NPNF First Series 11 (1889), New Advent transcription
Romans 6:3–4; baptism, death to sin, resurrection, and changed life
Selected primary work directly read in identified public-domain English translation; original Greek homily not collated; not a Bible translation base. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
CHR-ROM17 — John Chrysostom, Homily 17 on Romans; J. Walker, J. Sheppard, and H. Browne, translators; George B. Stevens, reviser; NPNF First Series 11 (1889), New Advent transcription
Romans 10:4; Christ as the law’s end and intended righteousness
Selected primary work directly read in identified public-domain English translation; original Greek homily not collated; not a Bible translation base. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
CHR-ROM31 — John Chrysostom, Homily 31 on Romans; J. Walker, J. Sheppard, and H. Browne, translators; George B. Stevens, reviser; NPNF First Series 11 (1889), New Advent transcription
Romans 16:7; explicit reception of Junia as a woman distinguished among apostles
Selected primary work directly read in identified public-domain English translation; original Greek homily not collated; not a Bible translation base. Accessed Sep 8, 2026.
Translation terms
δικαιοσύνη / δικαιόω — righteousness / justify
Retain the connected language without making one English term settle the relation of right standing, divine action, and ethical righteousness.
πίστις / πιστεύω — faith or contextual faithfulness / believe
Preserve ambiguous genitives where possible; explain faith in and faithfulness of Christ where the construction permits both.
νόμος — law
Distinguish contextually the Mosaic law, a norm, or a governing principle; do not mechanically insert a definite article or a proper-name gloss.
σάρξ / πνεῦμα — flesh / spirit or Spirit
Keep the contrast; capitalization follows contextual interpretation and is noted when uncertain.
ἅγιοι — saints
Paul’s designation of the holy people addressed, without limiting it to later canonized individuals.
ἱλαστήριον — propitiation (3:25)
Retains the project’s propitiation terminology while noting expiatory and mercy-seat associations; the term’s precise metaphor remains debated.
υἱοθεσία — adoption as sons
Preserves the filial and inheritance language; this status encompasses the believers addressed, including women.
λογίζομαι — reckon
Keeps the repeated accounting vocabulary, especially in chapter four.
διάκονος — servant / deacon
Context governs the rendering; Phoebe is called a deacon of the church at Cenchreae in 16:1, with the lexical range and limits of later office comparisons explained.
Translation decisions
Use Reference | Greek–English (Saints Priority) | Textual & Reception Notes.
Translate each actual Greek line independently; preserve clauses, negatives, arguments, names, and repeated theological vocabulary.
Main text remains SBLGNT; the directly sourced 16:25–27 doxology is an explicitly distinguished supplement authorized for whole-Bible coverage.
No modern English Bible is a translation base. Reception must be attributed to directly read primary works.
Quantities spelled out; clear divine personal pronouns capitalized according to the project convention.
Romans 8:2 preserves singular you; 8:11 preserves because of with the source’s accusative construction; 8:28 does not insert an explicit God as grammatical subject where the main text lacks it.
Romans 9:5 follows the christological punctuation in its running English while recording the alternative separate doxology; punctuation is not represented as a manuscript-level certainty.
Romans 11 retains partial hardening, until, all Israel, and the simultaneous enemies/beloved statements without replacing Israel with an explanatory label.
Romans 16:1–2 preserves Phoebe’s ecclesial designation and patronage; 16:7 follows the source’s feminine Junia and notes the alternative interpretation of the apostolic commendation.
The supplemental doxology follows 16:24 under a visible editorial heading. Its Greek was actually read in the licensed SBLGNT edition-comparison note; no Greek text was supplied from memory or from an English translation.
Outstanding review
Independent qualified Greek second-reader review and comprehensive apparatus review remain outstanding.
Selective reception notes are not a comprehensive survey or a consensus claim.
Priority lexical and syntactic review: 1:4, 6, 17, 19, 30; 2:14–16, 18, 29; 3:4, 9, 22, 25–26; 4:1, 17, 25; 5:12, 16, 18; 6:5, 7, 21; 7:9, 15, 21, 24.
Priority lexical and syntactic review: 8:3, 10–11, 18, 20, 27–28, 33–34; 9:3, 5, 10, 22–24, 28; 10:4–5, 14, 17; 11:12, 15, 17, 26, 31.
Priority lexical and syntactic review: 12:1, 6, 8, 11, 16; 14:1, 20, 22–23; 15:16, 19, 24, 28; 16:1–2, 7, 23; supplemental 16:25–27, especially the closing relative clause.
Coverage record
bracketed passages: none
chapters: 16
english word count: 8983
main text chapter counts: 32, 29, 31, 25, 21, 23, 25, 39, 33, 21, 36, 21, 14, 23, 33, 24
main text last label: 16:24
main text units: 430
source labels match: true
source sha256: a919e44983ec633d541ec1084da79cfba1c1aa7f0eac6470c1ac7ec66cf774e8
supplemental labels: 16:25, 16:26, 16:27
supplemental units: 3
translated units: 433
units with notes: 302
verified reception notes: 3
Production review
An additional AI editorial pass compared all four hundred and thirty main-text English rows with the supplied official SBLGNT Greek file and checked the three supplemental rows against the Greek comparison note. All source labels occur once and all source codes resolve. This is distinct from the qualified independent second-reader review still required.
Document format: Native headings, three-column tables, repeated table headers, and paged settings applied. Exported-page inspection is recorded separately. Automatic page-number fields could not be added with the exposed native API.
Collation against Nestle–Aland 28
On 13 September 2026 every verse of this book where the SBLGNT and NA28 differ was identified from the edition marks of Tyndale House's Translators Amalgamated Greek New Testament (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0) and the SBLGNT apparatus, and the rendering above was read at each one. 24 verses differ; 16 of them would read differently in English if NA28 were translated instead of the SBLGNT, and each of those carries a note above beginning "NA28". The collation is against TAGNT's edition marks and the SBLGNT apparatus; a printed NA28 apparatus has not been consulted, and NA28's square brackets are inferred, not recorded.
At no place was the rendering found to follow a reading other than the SBLGNT it declares.