Romans 10 — Greek text and reception
Each card preserves the Greek reading and its textual and reception notes. This source provides a Greek study edition; Hebrew counterparts and Hebrew–Greek classifications are not supplied.
Chapter 10
The word of faith and the proclamation to all
Verse 10:1
Greek–English Saints Priority
Brothers, my heart’s desire and my petition to God for them are for salvation.
Textual & Reception Notes
The source says ‘for them,’ with Israel supplied by the preceding context, rather than repeating the name in this verse.
Verse 10:2
Greek–English Saints Priority
For I bear them witness that they have zeal for God, but not according to knowledge;
Textual & Reception Notes
Verse 10:3
Greek–English Saints Priority
for, not knowing God’s righteousness and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.
Textual & Reception Notes
‘Their own’ has no repeated righteousness noun in this source; English leaves the ellipsis intact.
NA28: τὴν ἰδίαν [δικαιοσύνην] (SBLGNT τὴν ἰδίαν); the rendering above follows SBLGNT; NA28 would read "their own righteousness".
Verse 10:4
Greek–English Saints Priority
For Christ is the end of law for righteousness to everyone who believes.
Textual & Reception Notes
Τέλος is rendered ‘end,’ retaining its range of culmination, goal, or termination. The clause’s relation to law and righteousness should not be settled by replacing it with a single doctrinal paraphrase. Reception: John Chrysostom, Homily 17 on Romans, on 10:4, interprets the law’s end through the analogy of healing as medicine’s aim: Christ brings the law’s intended righteousness to fulfillment through faith. This is an attributed interpretation, not a replacement for the lexical range of τέλος. [CHR-ROM17]
Verse 10:5
Greek–English Saints Priority
For Moses writes that the person who does the righteousness from the law will live in it.
Textual & Reception Notes
This source places ‘the righteousness from the law’ as the object of doing and reads singular ‘in it.’ The draft does not replace the sentence with a differently worded form of the Old Testament quotation.
NA28: ὅτι after νόμου, with αὐτά and ἐν αὐτοῖς, "Moses writes of the righteousness from the law that the person who does these things will live in them" (SBLGNT ὅτι before τὴν δικαιοσύνην, no αὐτά, ἐν αὐτῇ); the rendering above follows SBLGNT.
Verse 10:6
Greek–English Saints Priority
But the righteousness from faith speaks in this way: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’”—that is, to bring Christ down;
Textual & Reception Notes
Righteousness is personified as speaking. The explanatory identification with bringing Christ down is Paul’s own clause and is retained.
Verse 10:7
Greek–English Saints Priority
or, “‘Who will descend into the abyss?’”—that is, to bring Christ up from the dead.
Textual & Reception Notes
The source says abyss, not sea. The explanation about raising Christ from the dead is not merged into the quoted question.
Verse 10:8
Greek–English Saints Priority
But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart”—that is, the word of faith that we proclaim.
Textual & Reception Notes
The nearness of the word in mouth and heart is tied to the proclaimed word of faith; both bodily images are kept.
Verse 10:9
Greek–English Saints Priority
Because if you confess Jesus as Lord with your mouth, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved;
Textual & Reception Notes
Κύριον Ἰησοῦν is rendered predicatively, ‘Jesus as Lord.’ Both confession and heart-belief, including the resurrection, remain conditions in the sentence.
Verse 10:10
Greek–English Saints Priority
for with the heart one believes for righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses for salvation.
Textual & Reception Notes
The Greek passive constructions are expressed idiomatically with ‘one.’ The parallel directions toward righteousness and salvation remain distinct.
Verse 10:11
Greek–English Saints Priority
For the Scripture says, “Everyone who believes in Him will not be put to shame.”
Textual & Reception Notes
Verse 10:12
Greek–English Saints Priority
For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, being rich toward all who call upon Him;
Textual & Reception Notes
The scope of ‘all’ is followed by ‘all who call upon Him.’ The divine generosity is not converted into an unrelated promise of individual wealth.
Verse 10:13
Greek–English Saints Priority
for “everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.”
Textual & Reception Notes
Verse 10:14
Greek–English Saints Priority
How, then, are they to call upon One in whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in One whom they have not heard? And how are they to hear without someone proclaiming?
Textual & Reception Notes
The Greek genitive can describe hearing the personal speaker; ‘whom they have not heard’ preserves that possibility instead of automatically inserting ‘about.’ The sequence runs backward from calling to believing to hearing to proclamation.
Verse 10:15
Greek–English Saints Priority
And how are they to proclaim unless they are sent? Just as it is written, “How beautiful are the feet of those announcing good things!”
Textual & Reception Notes
The source’s quotation has ‘announcing good things,’ without the longer added peace clause. The sending of the proclaimers is explicit.
Verse 10:16
Greek–English Saints Priority
But not all obeyed the gospel. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who believed our report?”
Textual & Reception Notes
Ἀκοή can denote hearing or a report heard. Here ‘our report’ fits the quoted question, while the same word group leads into hearing in 10:17.
Verse 10:17
Greek–English Saints Priority
So faith is from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.
Textual & Reception Notes
The source reads Χριστοῦ, ‘of Christ,’ not ‘of God.’ The genitive can concern Christ’s utterance or the message about Him.
Verse 10:18
Greek–English Saints Priority
But I say, did they not hear? Indeed they did: “Their sound went out into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the inhabited world.”
Textual & Reception Notes
Φθόγγος is sound or voice. Paul’s application of the quoted line is preserved without an added geographical history of every mission.
Verse 10:19
Greek–English Saints Priority
But I say, did Israel not know? First Moses says, “I will make you jealous by what is not a nation; by a senseless nation I will provoke you to anger.”
Textual & Reception Notes
Verse 10:20
Greek–English Saints Priority
And Isaiah speaks boldly and says, “I was found among those who did not seek Me; I became manifest to those who did not ask for Me.”
Textual & Reception Notes
The source has ἐν, ‘among/in,’ with those not seeking. It does not repeat the precise construction of the parallel manifestation clause.
Verse 10:21
Greek–English Saints Priority
But concerning Israel He says, “All day long I stretched out My hands toward a disobedient and contradicting people.”
Textual & Reception Notes
The divine speaker’s outstretched hands and the people’s disobedience and contradiction are all explicit. The chapter ends before the renewed question about God’s people in 11:1.