PriestPrayerful devotion

Exodus 30 — Hebrew and Greek compared

Saints Translation: Exodus 21-40 [V2]

Same 10 Similar 12 Different 13 Divergent 3 Disparate 0

Each card keeps the independently rendered source readings above their shared comparison and reception notes. The badge records the source’s governing classification; disparate readings are marked in red. Each reading retains its original reference.

Exodus 30

The Altar of Incense

Verse 30:1 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:1 You shall make an altar for burning incense, of acacia wood.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:1 You shall make an incense altar of decay-resistant wood.

Classification & Notes

Similar

Verse 30:2 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:2 It shall be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high, with horns of one piece with it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:2 It shall be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high, with horns of one piece with it.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:3 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:3 You shall overlay its top, all its sides, and its horns with pure gold, and make a gold molding around it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:3 You shall overlay its grating, all its walls, and its horns with pure gold, and make a twisted gold rim around it.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew names its top; Greek a grating, and specifies a twisted rim. [G30]

Verse 30:4 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:4 You shall make two gold rings beneath its molding, on its two sides, to hold the poles used to carry it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:4 You shall make two rings of pure gold beneath its twisted rim, on its two flanks, on the two sides, as holders for the poles used to carry it.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek specifies pure gold and repeats the side placement.

Verse 30:5 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:5 You shall make the poles of decay-resistant wood and overlay them with gold.

Classification & Notes

Similar

Verse 30:6 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:6 You shall put it before the veil by the ark of the testimony, before the cover over the testimony, where I will meet with you.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:6 You shall put it opposite the veil over the ark of the testimonies, where I will make Myself known to you.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — Greek lacks the separate reference to the cover and describes being made known rather than meeting. [G30]

Verse 30:7 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:7 Aaron shall burn fragrant incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:7 Aaron shall burn finely ground compounded incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek specifies the incense’s preparation.

Verse 30:8 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:8 When Aaron sets up the lamps between the evenings, he shall burn incense on it, a continual incense before YHWH throughout your generations.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:8 When Aaron lights the lamps in the evening, he shall burn incense on it, a continual incense before the Lord throughout their generations.

Classification & Notes

Different — RH retains Aaron as the incense-burning agent and says their generations, while Hebrew says your generations.

Verse 30:9 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:9 You shall not offer unauthorized incense, a burnt offering, or a grain offering on it, or pour a drink offering on it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:9 You shall not offer other incense, an offering, or a sacrifice on it; you shall not pour a libation on it.

Classification & Notes

Different — The offering terms differ; RH addresses second-person you in the prohibition, as does Hebrew.

Verse 30:10 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:10 Once a year Aaron shall make atonement on its horns with the blood of the sin offering of atonement. Once a year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:10 Once a year Aaron shall make expiation for it on its horns. With the blood of purification for sins, for expiation, once a year he shall purify it throughout their generations. It is most holy to the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek distinguishes make expiation for the altar from purify it, retaining purification within the rite. RH includes the blood’s sin-and-expiation designation and repeats the annual timing. Expiation here concerns the ritual object; it is not a blanket replacement for propitiation in other contexts.

Atonement Money

Verse 30:11 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:11 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:11 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:12 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:12 “When you count the sons of Israel in a census, each shall give YHWH a ransom for his life when they are counted, so that no plague comes among them during the census.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:12 “When you count the sons of Israel in a census, each shall give the Lord a ransom for his life, so that no downfall comes among them during the census.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek ptosis denotes a fall or downfall; Hebrew names a plague.

Verse 30:13 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:13 Everyone who passes into the census shall give half a shekel, according to the sanctuary shekel, which is twenty gerahs. Half a shekel shall be the contribution to YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:13 Everyone who passes into the census shall give half a didrachma, according to the holy didrachma, which is twenty obols. Half a didrachma shall be the contribution to the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Different — Retain each source’s units and its stated twenty-part relation. Do not substitute the usual classical Greek coin ratios or a modern cash equivalent. [H30; G30]

Verse 30:14 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:14 Everyone counted, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the contribution to YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:14 Everyone counted, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the contribution to the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:15 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:15 The rich shall give no more and the poor no less than half a shekel when giving the contribution to YHWH to make atonement for your lives.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:15 The rich shall give no more and the poor no less than half a didrachma when giving the contribution to the Lord to make propitiation for your lives.

Classification & Notes

Similar — The equal contribution agrees; units and atonement terminology follow the respective sources.

Verse 30:16 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:16 Receive the atonement silver from the sons of Israel and assign it to the service of the Tent of Meeting. It shall be a memorial for the sons of Israel before YHWH, to make atonement for your lives.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:16 Receive the contribution silver from the sons of Israel and assign it to the work of the Tent of Testimony. It shall be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the Lord, to make propitiation for your lives.”

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew names atonement silver; Greek contribution silver.

The Bronze Basin for Washing

Verse 30:17 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:17 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:18 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:18 “Make a bronze basin with a bronze base for washing. Put it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water in it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:18 “Make a bronze basin with a bronze base for washing. Put it between the Tent of Testimony and the altar, and pour water into it.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:19 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:19 Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and feet from it.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:19 Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and feet with water from it.

Classification & Notes

Similar

Verse 30:20 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:20 When they enter the Tent of Meeting, they shall wash with water so that they do not die, and when they approach the altar to minister and burn an offering by fire to YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:20 When they enter the Tent of Testimony, they shall wash with water so that they do not die. When they approach the altar to minister and offer whole burnt offerings to the Lord,

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek completes the second instruction in the next verse.

Verse 30:21 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:21 They shall wash their hands and feet so that they do not die. This shall be a perpetual statute for him and his descendants throughout their generations.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:21 they shall wash their hands and feet with water. When they enter the Tent of Testimony, they shall wash with water so that they do not die. This shall be a perpetual statute for him and his generations after him.”

Classification & Notes

Divergent — The consulted Greek repeats the washing instruction on entering the tent. [G30]

The Holy Anointing Oil

Verse 30:22 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:22 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:22 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:23 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:23 “Take the finest spices: five hundred shekels of flowing myrrh, half as much fragrant cinnamon, two hundred and fifty, and two hundred and fifty of fragrant cane,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:23 “Take spices: five hundred shekels of the choicest myrrh, half as much fragrant cinnamon, two hundred and fifty, and two hundred and fifty of fragrant cane,

Classification & Notes

Similar — The Greek explicitly uses siklos, “shekel,” here, not an unspecified silver coin. [G30]

Verse 30:24 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:24 five hundred shekels of cassia, by the sanctuary shekel, and a hin of olive oil.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:24 five hundred sanctuary shekels of iris, and a hin of olive oil.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew names cassia; Greek iris. The plant identifications are retained provisionally. [H30; G30]

Verse 30:25 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:25 Make these into holy anointing oil, a compound prepared by a perfumer’s skill. It shall be holy anointing oil.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:25 Make these into holy anointing oil, a compound prepared by a perfumer’s skill. It shall be holy anointing oil.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:26 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:26 With it anoint the Tent of Meeting and the ark of the testimony,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:26 With it anoint the Tent of Testimony and the ark of the testimony,

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:27 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:27 the table and all its utensils, the lampstand and its utensils, and the incense altar,

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:27 the lampstand and all its utensils, and the incense altar,

Classification & Notes

Different — RH names the lampstand and incense altar here, without a repeated tent inventory. The table appears in its following verse.

Verse 30:28 Divergent

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:28 the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the basin and its base.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:28 the altar of whole burnt offerings and all its utensils, the table and all its utensils, and the basin and its base.

Classification & Notes

Divergent — RH includes the table here and also names the basin’s base. The source order is preserved.

Verse 30:29 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:29 Consecrate them so that they become most holy. Whatever touches them shall become holy.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:29 Consecrate them so that they become most holy. Everyone who touches them shall be sanctified.

Classification & Notes

Similar — Greek’s relative expression refers explicitly to a person.

Verse 30:30 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:30 Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:30 Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:31 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:31 Tell the sons of Israel: ‘This shall be holy anointing oil to Me throughout your generations.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:31 Tell the sons of Israel: ‘This shall be holy anointing oil for you throughout your generations.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew says “to Me”; Greek “for you.”

Verse 30:32 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:32 It shall not be poured on human flesh, and you shall not make another like it according to its composition. It is holy and shall be holy to you.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:32 It shall not be applied to human flesh, and you shall not make anything like it for yourselves according to this composition. It is holy and shall be a holy thing to you.

Classification & Notes

Similar — The prohibition concerns unauthorized use; it does not cancel the commanded priestly anointing.

Verse 30:33 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:33 Whoever compounds anything like it or puts any of it on an outsider shall be cut off from his people.’”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:33 Whoever makes anything like it or gives any of it to an outsider shall be destroyed from among his people.’”

Classification & Notes

Different — The penalty and application verbs differ; “outsider” is not automatically a statement of nationality.

The Sacred Incense Formula

Verse 30:34 Similar

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:34 YHWH said to Moses, “Take fragrant spices: stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, in equal portions.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:34 The Lord said to Moses, “Take spices: stacte, onycha, fragrant galbanum, and clear frankincense, in equal portions.

Classification & Notes

Similar — The aromatic names are traditional; precise substance identification remains open.

Verse 30:35 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:35 Make them into incense, a perfumer’s compound, salted, pure, and holy.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:35 They shall make them into incense, a perfumer’s compound, blended, a pure and holy work.

Classification & Notes

Different — Hebrew explicitly uses salted language; Greek says blended and changes the subject to “they.” [H30; G30]

Verse 30:36 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:36 Grind some of it very fine and place it before the testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be most holy to you.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:36 Grind some of it fine and place it before the testimonies in the Tent of Testimony, where I will make Myself known to you. It shall be most holy to you.

Classification & Notes

Different — Greek describes being made known and has plural testimonies.

Verse 30:37 Same

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:37 You shall not make incense for yourselves according to this composition. You shall regard it as holy to YHWH.

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:37 You shall not make incense for yourselves according to this composition. It shall be a holy thing to you for the Lord.

Classification & Notes

Same

Verse 30:38 Different

Hebrew–English: Literal-Smooth (Rabbinic Priority)

30:38 Whoever makes anything like it to enjoy its fragrance shall be cut off from his people.”

Greek–English: Literal-Smooth (Saints Priority)

G 30:38 Whoever makes anything like it to enjoy its fragrance shall perish from among his people.”

Classification & Notes

Different — The consequence is expressed with different verbs.