Judith — Greek text and reception
Choose a chapter to explore the source readings and their notes. Original references, source labels, and review records are retained.
Source guide and review record
Saints Translation — Judith
Chapters 1–16 • V1 • Working translation draft • Sep 8, 2026
Reader’s guide
Complete working translation draft: all sixteen chapters and all 340 displayed Greek source units translated directly from the publisher main text. English wording, source labels, numbers, chapter continuity, and selected difficult clauses reviewed. Four selective reception notes verified in identified public-domain English translations of primary patristic works. This is not a critical edition: qualified independent second-reader review, full apparatus collation, and resolution of the explicitly flagged difficult clauses remain outstanding.
One row for every actual source label, in the publisher order: 340 source verses and 340 translation rows across sixteen chapters. Counts by chapter: 16, 28, 10, 15, 24, 21, 32, 36, 14, 23, 23, 20, 20, 19, 14, 25. No missing or repeated source labels and no square or double brackets occur in the displayed running Greek. Unnumbered paragraph continuations at 5:15; 7:18; 12:7; 13:20; 15:5; and 16:23 remain in their actual source units. The hymn is 16:1–17, with narrative resuming at 16:18. Single Greek-source work: Reference | Greek–English (Saints Priority) | Textual & Reception Notes. No Hebrew parallel, Vulgate parallel, or five-way comparison classification is constructed. Source wording and historical assertions are retained without harmonization.
The middle column presents an independent English translation of the declared Greek main text. The final column records translation decisions, uncertainty, and selected attributed Christian reception. There is no reconstructed Hebrew parallel. Chapter titles and hymn subdivisions are editorial reading aids. Blank note cells carry no additional claim.
Source basis
Septuaginta, edited by Alfred Rahlfs; second, corrected edition edited by Robert Hanhart (2006), Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Actual Greek main text displayed by the publisher, IUDITH 1–16.
Source register
RH-JDT1 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 1
Judith 1, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT2 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 2
Judith 2, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT3 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 3
Judith 3, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT4 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 4
Judith 4, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT5 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 5
Judith 5, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT6 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 6
Judith 6, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT7 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 7
Judith 7, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT8 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 8
Judith 8, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT9 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 9
Judith 9, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT10 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 10
Judith 10, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT11 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 11
Judith 11, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT12 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 12
Judith 12, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT13 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 13
Judith 13, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT14 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 14
Judith 14, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT15 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 15
Judith 15, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
RH-JDT16 • Rahlfs–Hanhart Septuaginta (2006), IUDITH 16
Judith 16, entire displayed Greek main text and source verse labels; no critical apparatus
Direct publisher Greek main-text transcription • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
CLEM-55 • Clement of Rome, Letter to the Corinthians (1 Clement), chapter 55; John Keith translation, Ante-Nicene Fathers 9, Allan Menzies, ed. (1896), New Advent transcription
Chapter 55 read in its exhortational context, especially the account of Judith voluntarily risking herself for her people; displayed translator and edition metadata checked. The original Greek patristic text was not collated.
Direct reading of a primary patristic work in its identified public-domain English translation • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
AMB-WID • Ambrose, Concerning Widows, chapter 7, sections 37–42; H. de Romestin, E. de Romestin, and H. T. F. Duckworth translation, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series 10, Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, eds. (1896), New Advent transcription
Chapter 7.37–42 read; notes use 7.38, 7.40, and 7.41. Displayed translator and edition metadata checked. Original Latin not collated; the retelling is not evidence for the wording of the Greek biblical base.
Direct reading of a primary patristic work in its identified public-domain English translation • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
UBS-JDT728 • Roger A. Bullard and Howard A. Hatton, A Handbook on Judith (UBS Helps for Translators, 2001), commentary on 7:28, reproduced by TIPs
Commentary on the negative, grammatical person, subject, and referent of the final clause. Read only after the independent Greek draft. Reported variants remain indirect: manuscripts and critical apparatus not consulted through this source.
Direct commentary reading; indirect textual-variant discussion; not a translation base • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
UBS-JDT93 • Roger A. Bullard and Howard A. Hatton, A Handbook on Judith (UBS Helps for Translators, 2001), commentary on 9:3, reproduced by TIPs
Discussion of the difficult personified-bed clause and the closing thrones phrase. Read after the independent draft; no reported manuscript was directly collated.
Direct commentary reading; indirect textual-variant discussion; not a translation base • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
UBS-JDT1611 • Roger A. Bullard and Howard A. Hatton, A Handbook on Judith (UBS Helps for Translators, 2001), commentary on 16:11, reproduced by TIPs
Discussion of feared versus a proposed shouted reading, and uncertain subjects and parallelism. Read after drafting from the publisher Greek. Reported manuscript support is indirect and is not adopted as a fresh collation.
Direct commentary reading; indirect textual-variant discussion; not a translation base • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
LSJ-CHEL • Liddell–Scott–Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon (LSJ), entry χελωνίς, Scaife ATLAS digital presentation
Actual entry read: sense II footstool, with Sextus Empiricus reference; sense III threshold, with Judith 14:15 reference. These cited ancient passages were not independently collated. The page identifies the dictionary as LSJ; no particular print impression is claimed checked.
Direct lexical entry reading • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
ML-AID • Liddell and Scott, An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon (Middle Liddell), entry αἰδέομαι, Scaife ATLAS digital presentation
Actual entry read for shame, awe, respect, and regard senses. General lexical support only; it does not resolve Judith 9:3 syntax. No specific print impression is claimed checked.
Direct lexical entry reading • Accessed Sep 8, 2026
Terms and renderings
κύριος • Lord / lord
Lord when God is meant; lord for Nebuchadnezzar, Holofernes, or another human superior. Imperial divine claims remain the speakers' claims.
υἱοὶ Ισραηλ • sons of Israel
The source's collective descent formula is retained.
ἅβρα / παιδίσκη / δούλη • maid / slave girl / slave woman
Judith's personal maid is also explicitly called her slave and is set free in 16:23; ἅβρα marks her household role. Deferential self-address and actual household status are explained in their own contexts.
προσκυνέω • worship / bow before
Worship when the object is God; human obeisance before Holofernes or Judith is expressed as bowing.
ἀπάτη / ἀπατάω • deception / deceive
Retained for Judith's announced strategy and Holofernes' intended deception; not softened to mere cleverness.
κωνώπιον • canopy
A bed canopy or mosquito curtain: Holofernes' canopy, taken as a trophy and dedicated in Jerusalem.
ἀκινάκης • short sword
Ancient weapon type, 13:6 and 16:9; no unsupported curve, length, or modern equivalent supplied.
χελωνίς • threshold
14:15 revised from provisional footstool after direct LSJ entry review; LSJ assigns threshold to this passage and also lists a footstool sense elsewhere. Exact furnishing remains open.
τιτάνες / γίγαντες • Titans / giants
Both distinct poetic figures retained in 16:6.
ἀνάθημα • dedicated offering
16:19 has a votive dedication to God, not a destruction ban.
Translation decisions
Independent English translated from the directly read Greek; no modern Bible translation serves as the base.
Editorial chapter titles are navigation aids, not translated source headings.
All 340 publisher Greek units were directly read before independent English composition. Modern translations encountered later in selective commentary were not used as the translation base.
Historical chronology and the unusual forms in place lists and Judith's genealogy are translated as stated. No external reconstruction is silently inserted.
7:28 keeps the negative and provisionally construes ποιήσῃ as third-person active with God as subject; the form also admits a second-person middle analysis. Commentary reports alternative solutions, but no emendation is adopted.
9:3 keeps the personified bed, its shame, the repeated deception, and the thrones. The obscure Greek is not replaced by a smoother conjectural reading.
16:11 keeps the displayed feared and overthrown wording. The unclear subject changes and a reported shouted variant remain visible as unresolved questions; no conjecture is silently substituted.
14:15 changed from provisional footstool to threshold after direct LSJ lexical-entry review. The alternative remains in the note; this is a lexical decision, not a change to the Greek text.
16:14 retains the creation verb built, with its object supplied from context; the Spirit wording is not presented as a resolution of later Trinitarian terminology.
Reception is selective: Clement's example of self-risk for the community and Ambrose's teaching on fasting, sobriety, and wisdom. Ambrose's Lord's Day and no-drinking retellings are not imported into Judith's Greek text.
Recorded changes
11:19 • Sep 8, 2026
“in foreknowledge” → “in accordance with my foreknowledge”. Restored the explicit first-person possessive μου in κατὰ πρόγνωσίν μου after an independent AI rereading of the displayed Rahlfs–Hanhart Greek.
Open questions
Qualified independent second-reader review and full book-specific critical-apparatus collation remain outstanding. Main-text coverage and source-label accounting do not establish critical-edition status.
High-priority syntax and textual questions: 7:28 final adjuration (negative, grammatical person, subject, referent); 9:3 bed/shame/deception clause; 16:11 subject sequence and feared reading. The draft preserves the accessed base rather than resolving these by conjecture.
Further close review: 1:3 tower-width pronouns; 1:6 joining/battle designation; 5:10 temporal clause; 6:4 among them; 8:16 legal metaphor; 8:27 compressed negative/testing clauses; 11:7 setting every life in order; 14:15 threshold versus footstool; 16:2 into His camps; 16:12 children-of-deserters image; 16:23 increasing greatness or advancing age.
Geographical and genealogical forms need a dedicated consistency and historical-location review; the draft intentionally retains the actual Greek assertions and does not claim their reconciliation.
Patristic Greek and Latin originals have not been collated. The reception notes establish only the readings in the named English primary-work translations; broader reception and canonical-history review remains open.
Coverage and review record
Coverage: 16 chapters; 340 Greek main-text units; 340 translation rows; 266 annotated rows; 10032 English translation words; 4 verified reception notes.
Source verse totals by chapter: 16, 28, 10, 15, 24, 21, 32, 36, 14, 23, 23, 20, 20, 19, 14, 25.
No square or double brackets in displayed running Greek.
A second AI reading compared all three hundred and forty translated rows with all displayed Greek verses of the sixteen publisher chapters, including unnumbered continuations; source labels, names, numbers, and difficult clauses checked.
Chapter titles and the two subdivisions in chapter sixteen are editorial reading aids. The hymn and the closing narrative remain in their original sequence.
Qualified external linguistic review and full critical-apparatus collation remain outstanding.
Four selected notes rechecked directly in 1 Clement 55 and Ambrose Concerning Widows 7.38, 7.40, and 7.41 in their identified English translations. Original Greek and Latin of these reception works were not collated.
Judith 11:19 restores the explicit possessive ‘my’ in the claim of foreknowledge; the change is recorded above.
Production review
Document format: Native headings, three-column tables, repeated table headers, and paged settings applied. Exported-page inspection is recorded separately. Automatic page-number fields could not be added with the exposed native API.